高考議論文寫作指導(dǎo)

高考議論文寫作指導(dǎo)河北省淶源縣第一中學(xué)074300李增林議論文用來論述某個道理，闡明某種觀點，它一般包含三個要素：論點、論據(jù)、論證。寫議論文時,要求做到論點正確鮮明,論據(jù)充分,論證合理,語言簡練,層次清楚,邏輯嚴密,并且在整個論證過程中,論點始終要保持一致。議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)大致分為三個部分（1）開頭提出問題，即提出所議論的話題；（2）分析問題，這是議論文的主題。這一部分是針對論題進行分析，論證論點。（3）最后解決問題。這一部分或歸納論點，或是總結(jié)全文，或是明確任務(wù)，提出辦法。議論文的常用時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時綜觀高考試卷,高考議論文書面表達主要考查形式有辯論式議論文、一事一議議論文兩大類。一、正反辯論式議論文寫作指導(dǎo)寫作示例:現(xiàn)在很多中學(xué)采用封閉式管理，即在一段時間內(nèi)不允許學(xué)生走出學(xué)校。為此，你班同學(xué)進行了討論，請你根據(jù)下面的提示用英語寫一篇短文，介紹討論情況。贊成反對

你的看法1．學(xué)生可以專心學(xué)習2．學(xué)生可以免受外界不良因素影響。1．老師監(jiān)管學(xué)生一切，缺乏獨立。2．生活單一，不利全面發(fā)展？注意：1。詞數(shù)120--150左右，開頭已給出，不計入總數(shù)。2?？稍黾蛹毠?jié)，語句要連貫。3。全面的full-scale題型特點:正反辯論式議論文是高考書面表達的一種常見形式.它主要選擇一些貼近中學(xué)生生活或社會熱點話題為內(nèi)容,以贊同或反對、正面或反面、優(yōu)點或缺點兩種截然相反的觀點展開論述,最后談?wù)勛约旱挠^點和看法.命題形式:提綱表格式、提綱要點式解題步驟:(1)提出問題,點明主題:首先用一句話來概括全文寫作背景,即點明議論的觀點.由于這是一個需要討論才能得出結(jié)論的話題,因而開頭句要具有疑問性質(zhì),或使用疑問句,或使用具有選擇性的whether...or...。(2)正方(支持)觀點及并闡明理由以支持自己的觀點.列出了第一種觀點后,就用列舉法展開,可使用連接性詞語:Foronething,...Foranotherthing.....Finally(Inaddition,Moreover).(3).反方(反對)觀點及反對理由.為使文章連接自然,可使用陳述對立觀點的銜接詞,如ontheotherhand,onthecontrary,however等:(4)視題目要求發(fā)表自己的觀點.注意事項:1.開頭句如使用一般過去時,注意其他段落不要使用,要用一般現(xiàn)在時.2.注意人稱的使用,不要出現(xiàn)混亂.參考答案：Recentlyourclasshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutwhethertocloseuptheschoolandneverletthestudentsoutforawhile.Therearedifferentopinionsaboutit.Somestudentsthinkitisagoodwaytocontrolthestudent.Tobeginwith,thestudentcanhaveaverylongtimetostudysothattheymayconcentrateontheirstudiesiftheyareforbiddentogooutoftheschool.Secondly,whilestayingatschool,thestudentscanprotectthemselvesfromsomebadsocialfactors.Inaword,itisagoodthingforthestudentstogrowup.However,otherstudentsareagainsttheidea,sayingthatatschoolstudents’activitiesareallunderteachers’instruction,whichwon’thelpthestudentsbecomeindepentoftheirteachers.Worstofall,studentsliveasinglelifeandthiswon’tbeofbenefittotheirfull-scaledevelopment.AsfarasIamconcerned,IagreewiththeformeropinionandIthinkitreasonabletosomeextent.Onlyinthatwaywillwegetagoodmarkintheexaminationandbereadyfortheopportunitiesinfuture.實戰(zhàn)演練:有的老師經(jīng)常向家長反映學(xué)生在校的情況，特別是學(xué)生的某些不足。就此，你班開展了“老師是否有必要經(jīng)常與學(xué)生家長保持聯(lián)系？”的討論。請你用英語把討論結(jié)果寫出來，并表達自己的看法。贊成的理由反對的理由你的看法1．家長可隨時了解學(xué)生在校學(xué)習、生活情況。2．家長可以和老師一起幫助學(xué)生。1．老師主要向家長反映學(xué)生的過錯。2．學(xué)生容易與老師對立，最終放棄學(xué)習？注意：1。詞數(shù)要求100---1202．開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。Recentlyourclasshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutwheatheritisnecessaryfortheteachertooftenkeepintouchwiththestudents’parents.Someofmyclassmatesareinfavouroftheidea.Theythinktheteachershouldoftentelleverythingthestudentsdoatschooltotheirparents.Oneofthemainreasonsisthattheparentscanlearnmoreaboutthestudents’studyaswellaslifeatschool.Ontheotherhand,theparentscandowhatevertheycanintimetojoinhandswiththeteachertohelpthestudents.Others,however,thinkthattheyshouldnot.Theythinkitistheirownfaultsthattheteacherinformsoftheparents,whichwillleadtothestudents’beingscolded.Ifastudentwereoftenpunished,hewouldgoagainsttheteacher’swishesandgiveupstudyingintheend.Inmyopinion,itisimportantthattheteachershouldbeobjectiveatalltimes.實戰(zhàn)演練:近年來，作為一種新興的交流方式，微信(WeChat)正變得越來越受歡迎。請根據(jù)下列表格提示，寫一篇英語短文談?wù)勎⑿诺睦滓约澳愕挠^點，并適當擴展。利使用便捷;獲取資訊；便于交流；......弊浪費時間；損害健康；泄露個人信息；......你的觀點……注意：1.詞數(shù)：120左右,開頭已給出，不計入詞數(shù)；2.書寫工整、卷面整潔Nowadays,WeChatisbecomingmoreandmorepopularintheworld.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Nowadays,WeChatisbecomingmoreandmorepopularintheworld.Differentpeople,however,holddifferentopinionsonthismatter.Opinionsaredividedintotwogroups.Accordingtosomepeople,therearelotsofreasonsforthepopularityofWechat.Firstofall,itiseasytouse.Youcanlogintoitwithyourphonenumberandstartaconversationbytappingthespeakbutton.Inaddition,Wechatisawonderfulplatformforpeopletoshareanampleamountofinformation.Itevensupportssendingphotosandvideos.Meanwhile,usingWechat,youcanalsodogroupchats,orfindnewfriendsnearbytotalkto,whichhelpsmakemanyfriendsandexpressyourfeelingsandopinionsmorefreely.Ontheotherhand,somepeoplearguethatalthoughWechatbenefitsusalot,ithassomedrawbacks.WhenusingWeChat,peopletendtoforgettimeandsomemayevengetaddictedtoit,whichwilldefinitelyaffecttheirstudyandwork.Atthesametime,spendingtoomuchtimeonthescreendoesaffecteyehealth,whichmaycausetrouble.Worsestill,peoplemayrevealtheirpersonalinformationwhileusingit,whichmayleadtocrimes.AsfarasI’mconcerned,everyoneissupposedtoexploitWechatwithinlimits.Asastudent,IacknowledgethatWechatisnotonlybeneficialbutalsodangerous.Therefore,Iinsistthatweshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonit.Weshouldbalancelife’scompetinginterests---inastudent’scase,study,healthandsafety.Andit’sofvitalimportanceforustoprotectourselveswhenweuseit.實戰(zhàn)演練:假如你是李華。上周，你班舉行班會，主題為：“父母有沒有必要陪讀？”請你根據(jù)下表所列情況給校長寫一封信，客觀地介紹討論的情況，以及你的看法。70%的同學(xué)認為：父母不應(yīng)該陪讀。弊端：......30%的同學(xué)認為：父母應(yīng)該陪讀。益處：......OnepossibleversionDearheadmaster，I’mwritingtotellyouaboutthediscussionwehadlastweekatourclassmeetingaboutwhetherourparentsshouldaccompanyusstudyingatschool.Wedohavedifferentopinionsonthismatter.Mostofus(about70%)thinkourparentsshouldnotaccompanyusstudyingatschoolsinceitmakeusfallintothehabitofdependence,sothatwewon’tformthegoodhabitofstudying.What’smore,itisharmfulforustoformthehabitofcontrollingourselves.Atthesametimeitaffectsourparents’work,studiesandrest.Whileabout30%ofmyclassmatesthinkitnecessaryforourparentstoaccompanyusstudyingatschool.Accompanyingusstudyingatschoolcanletushavemoretimetospareforourstudies.Besides,weshallbemorehealthyfortheircooking.Ontheotherhandourparentscanhelpussetupouraim,urgeustofinishourtask,encourageustoovercomedifficultiesandgetusintothegoodhabitofstudying.Inmyopinion,itwouldbeabetterwayforparentsnottoaccompanyusstudentstoimproveourabilitiesofbeingindependent.Weareabletogrowupbyourselves.二.一事一議議論文寫作指導(dǎo)題型特點:就某一件事、某一種現(xiàn)象發(fā)表看法,提出主張是議論文寫作的一種常見形式.這類文章是在敘事的基礎(chǔ)上展開議論.因此,先要把事情敘述清楚.這里的敘事,是為了從中引出作者的看法或主張,所以敘事必須簡明扼要,抓住重點.在敘事基礎(chǔ)上進行議論,即對敘述的事情或現(xiàn)象作具體的分析,發(fā)表簡要的議論,闡明一個道理.命題形式:提綱/表格要點式議論文、漫畫式議論文、開放式話題議論文I.提綱/表格要點式議論文寫作指導(dǎo)寫作示例:據(jù)報道,在中國有心里話向父母講的高中生只占54%左右.某英文報就此現(xiàn)象向中學(xué)生征文.請根據(jù)下列提示用英語寫一篇征文稿.

主要原因1.嫌父母太嘮叨，難交流2.與父母看待問題、處理事情的方式不同3.父母只關(guān)心學(xué)習和吃喝個人看法？注意:1.短文必須包括所有要點,可適當發(fā)揮.2.詞數(shù)120左右題型特點:這類寫作就敘事部分提供了較多的文字說明,而對議論部分則無具體說明,它只要求考生就主題發(fā)表評論,內(nèi)容由考生自己擬定.可見,這種寫作規(guī)定了表達的思路,對寫作范圍作了限定.寫作指導(dǎo):對于這類題型的處理,考生要認真閱讀文字提示,對于規(guī)定的要點一個也不能遺漏.然后,依據(jù)事實,作出合理的恰如其分的評論.段落劃分:a.提出問題b.分析原因c.個人看法參考答案:Itisreportedthatonly54%oftheseniorstudentsinChinacanopentheirheartstotheirparents.Manystudentswouldaskothersratherthantheirparentsforhelpiftheyhavesomethingonmind.Theyfinditdifficulttocommunicatewithparentsbecausetheythinktheparentsareverytalkative.Ontheotherhand,parentshaveadifferentopiniononthings,sotheydealwiththingsinacompletelydifferentway,whichtheyoungcan'tbear.Lastbutnottheleast,parentsuauallycarewhatthechildreneatandhowwelltheystudy,andtheyignorewhatthechildrenthink.Inmyopinion,westudentsshouldhaveanactiveheart-tohearttalkwithourparents,andexpressourhonestfeelings.實戰(zhàn)演練:很多中學(xué)生在課間會買零食吃.某英文報就此現(xiàn)象向中學(xué)生征文.請根據(jù)下列提示用英語寫一篇征文稿.

主要原因1.可以為身體和頭腦提供能量

2.看到別人吃,自己控制不住.

3.有相當一些同學(xué)早晨不吃早飯個人看法？注意:1.短文必須包括所有要點,可適當發(fā)揮.2.詞數(shù)120左右參考答案:Nowadays,anincreasingnumberofstudentsliketohavesnacksbetweenclasses.Assoonasthebellrings,manystudentsrushtotheschoolshopforallkindsofsnacks.Manyofusstudentsthinkwecangiveourbodyandbrainmoreenergybyeatingsnacksandweneedtorefuelnowandthen.Someotherswanttohavesnackswhentheyseeotherseatingsnacks.Thatis,theycouldn'thelpthemselves.Mostimportantofall,quiteafewstudentsdon'thavebreakfast,sotheyhavetoeatsnacksbetweenclassesinordertosatisfyhunger.Inmyopinion,itiswrongtohavesnacksbetweenclassesbecauseeatingsnacksdoesharmtoourstudiesaswellasourhealth.Inaword,weshoulddevelophealthyeatinghabitstomeetthechallengesinthefuture.實戰(zhàn)演練:假如你是李華，上周日你參加了你的好友交換生Tom的生日晚會，奢侈的場面讓你非常驚訝。請你針對此現(xiàn)象寫一封信給他，談?wù)勀愕目捶ǎ瑑?nèi)容包括：1.過于鋪張，浪費嚴重2.喧鬧太久，干擾他人；3.生日晚會的真正意義。注意1詞數(shù)100左右2.可以適當發(fā)揮，使得上下文連貫3.開頭已寫好，不計入總數(shù)。參考詞匯：奢侈的luxurious鋪張的extravagantDearTom，I'mgladtohaveattendedyourbirthdaypartylastSunday._Yours,LiHua書面表達Onepossibleversion：DearTom，I'mgladtohaveattendedyourbirthdaypartylastSunday.Itwasabigpartyindeed.ButIhavetosayitwasthemostluxuriousbirthdaypartyI'deverattended.Forusteenagersthereisnoneedtobethatextravagantbecausewemainlygetlivingexpensesfromourparents.Anditisshamefultowastemuchofthefood.What’smore，thepartywithloudnoisewentonlateintothenight，whichbotheredtheneighborhood.Tomymind，themeaningofthebirthdaypartyliesinsharingthepleasureofourgrowthwithourfriends.It'sgreatfuntogettogether，forthefeelingsinsteadoffortheexpensivefoodandsplendiddecorations.YoursLiHua實戰(zhàn)演練:近年來，越來越多的家長希望把孩子送到名校學(xué)習?！皳裥帷背蔀橐环N普遍的社會現(xiàn)象。請根據(jù)下面的提綱寫一篇英語短文：1.陳述“擇校熱”的現(xiàn)狀；2.分析“擇校熱”的原因；3.談?wù)勀愕目捶?。注意：詞數(shù)不少于120個。參考范文Possibleversion:Inrecentyears,moreandmoreparentswouldliketosendtheirchildrentofamousschoolsbecausetheythinkitcanensuretheirchildrencanbeadmittedintobetteruniversitiesaftergraduation.Itistruethatfamousschoolsareequippedwithbetterteachingfacilities.Besides,teachersthereareexcellent,whocomefromalloverthecountryandevenabroad.Theyhaveastrongteachingabilitytomakeclassesmorelivelyandinteresting,sostudentswillbeabletoacceptknowledgeabiteasierandbetter.However,noteverystudentisfittogotofamousschoolswherethereisfiercecompetitionamongstudents.Andstudentstherehavetoworkmuchharderthanthoseinordinaryschools.Ihopethegovernmentwilltakeeffectivemeasurestomakesurealltheschoolsprovideequallygoodeducation.OnlyinthiswaycanallthestudentshaveequalrightstoreceivequalityeducationII.漫畫式議論文寫作指導(dǎo)1.寫作示例:仔細觀察漫畫,請以"誰是雷鋒?"為題,用英語寫一篇100字左右的短文,指出漫畫中所反映的現(xiàn)象,并就漫畫主題發(fā)表感想.2.題型特點:依據(jù)漫畫材料進行議論屬于"一事一議"寫作的范疇,它是一種檢查學(xué)生觀察理解能力及運用能力的題型.漫畫材料作文較之于提綱式語言材料,反映外界事物更形象,更具有直觀性.同時,漫畫反映客觀事物蘊涵性也較強.漫畫所揭示的意思,也許不能一目了然,須細細琢磨,它留給人想象的余地比較大.近幾年,試題往往提供一幅漫畫,有時也會是兩幅,讓考生通過仔細觀察漫畫內(nèi)容,進一步進行思維加工,將漫畫內(nèi)容轉(zhuǎn)化為文字信息.寫作指導(dǎo):依據(jù)漫畫材料進行議論,在謀篇布局時就要依據(jù)漫畫內(nèi)容,因而首先對漫畫內(nèi)容作一簡單的概述.在此基礎(chǔ)上,聯(lián)系顯示生活,發(fā)表自己的看法.如果直接提出論點,就會讓人不知論點從何而來.另外,切記,對漫畫內(nèi)容的介紹一定要簡潔.漫畫式作文.這種寫作較之提綱式寫作更具開放性,加大了對考生綜合能力的考查.(1)寫作過程寫好漫畫議論文,第一步應(yīng)仔細觀察漫畫內(nèi)容和畫面上的文字說明,抓住重點,敘述漫畫內(nèi)容.第二步,在準確理解漫畫內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上,概括出畫中所表現(xiàn)出來的一般現(xiàn)象,把握命題意圖,依據(jù)"試題要求",擬題立意作好評論.(2)時態(tài)的選擇評論部分使用現(xiàn)在各種時態(tài).記敘部分使用過去各種時態(tài)或現(xiàn)在進行時.(3)段落劃分:a.敘述漫畫內(nèi)容,揭示畫中所表現(xiàn)出來的一般現(xiàn)象.b.分析產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因.c.提出解決的辦法(或發(fā)表自己的看法)參考答案:AteacherwiththickglasseswastellingastoryaboutLeiFengtotwoprimaryschoolstudents.Tohisastonish,oneofthestudentsasked,"WhoisLeiFeng?Isheapopstarorafilmstar?"Nowadaysmostkidsknownothingaboutherosandmartyrsandfewchoosethemasidols.Heronamesaregraduallybeingforgotten.Inmyopinion,itishightimethatpeopleoftheentiresocietywerewellawareoftheseriousproblemandtookeffectivemeasurestomakeitclearthatLeiFengshouldbeanexampletoallpeople,yongorold.Wemustkeepinmindthatweshouldrespecteachotherandwhensomeoneisintrouble,offeryourhelpfulhandstoothers.漫畫式議論文寫作所給提示比較簡單（只是一幅漫畫），要求考生根據(jù)提供的情景，充分發(fā)揮自己的想象力和創(chuàng)造力，自己確定主題，組織篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，從不同的角度對漫畫闡述自己的理解。這種命題形式既能體現(xiàn)出學(xué)生思維的活躍性，又能表現(xiàn)出他們的邏輯思維能力和靈活運用英語的能力?！緦懽髦笇?dǎo)】北京卷開放性寫作的題目要求每年都是一樣的“請根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇短文。詞數(shù)不少于50。InyourspokenEnglishclass,yourteachershowsyouthefollowingpicture.Youareaskedtodescribethepictureandexplainhowyouunderstandit.”由此可見，北京卷開放性寫作由兩大部分組成：一個是describe，另一個是explain，也就是敘述+議論。具體可以分為下面幾步：第一步：審題。開放性寫作的審題完全不同于情景作文。這里的審題實際是一個思維過程。考生拿到題目后，要仔細觀察畫面內(nèi)容，重點挖掘畫面內(nèi)容所反映的的深層涵義，列出幾個有可能的主題，看哪一個主題與現(xiàn)實生活聯(lián)系密切，確定一個比較貼切的主題。第二步：描寫。對考生來說，這一步比較容易，只要按照圖畫作文的要求去做即可?？忌枰⒁獾氖?，描圖時要做到語言精確，簡潔明了，不要看到什么寫什么，而要重點描述與自己確定的主題相一致的內(nèi)容，為下一步議論作好鋪墊。第三步：議論。在描圖之后，考生就要就漫畫主題展開議論。為了能使文章銜接自然，描圖與議論之間應(yīng)有一承上啟下的過渡句。以2010年北京卷參考范文為例，在描述完漫畫內(nèi)容后，接著作者寫道“Thepictureremindsmeofthosewhosucceedinunfavorableconditions.”接下來就可以展開議論了。議論時要把漫畫內(nèi)容與現(xiàn)實生活聯(lián)系起來，不能只是以圖說圖，議論只停留在表面。同所有文章一樣，開放寫作也需要一個好的結(jié)尾。這個結(jié)尾要能夠總結(jié)全文，深化主題。【真題再現(xiàn)】(2012年北京高考試題)請根據(jù)下面提示，寫一篇短文。詞數(shù)不少于50。YouarediscussingthefollowingpicturewithyourEnglishfriendJim.Nowyouaretellinghimhowyouunderstandthepictureandwhatmakesyouthinkso.【解題分析】第一步：審題:今年的圖畫內(nèi)容非常簡單，它畫的是一支比較長的鉛筆在嘲笑另一支比較短的鉛筆，并說你快到頭了（"You'renearingtheend!"）。通過這么一幅畫我們可以確定什么樣的主題呢？第一可以從年輕人與老年人的關(guān)系上考慮；第二可以從對待工作的不同態(tài)度方面考慮；第三我們也可以從強項與弱點（strengthsandweaknesses）角度考慮等等。第二步：主題確定后，就要進行畫面的描寫了。描寫時要注意突出二者的對比與反差，用幾個形容詞描寫出它們各自的神態(tài)，如長鉛筆proud,youngandarrogant，短鉛筆old,calm,undisturbed,atease,experienced,confident,neverfeeldepressedordiscouraged。當然，具體選用哪些詞要根據(jù)主題來定。也可以用動作來表現(xiàn)這種反差。描述這樣的畫面，我們在行文的時候一定要兩者兼顧，而不是只談一方。第三步：根據(jù)第一步確定的主題就要開始議論了，指出這個圖的象征意義，并聯(lián)系生活實際，指出我們應(yīng)該怎么辦（我們要像短鉛筆不驕不躁，踏實工作）。下面我們分析一下參考范文Ithinkthewhitepencil,lookingproudanddelighted,islaughingattheblackpencilbysaying"You'renearingtheend!"Theblackpencil,ontheotherhand,remainscalm.（描述句）Thewhitepencil'swordslethimfallintodeepthoughts.（過渡句）Heclearlyremembershehasbeenusedinwritinganddrawing.It'struethathe'sapproachingtheendbuthehasbeenlivingamemorablelifeandtherehasbeenadullmoment.（主題）Inreality,weshouldlearnfromtheblackpencil：nottomindwhatotherssaysolongasweareconfidentinwhatwehavedone.（聯(lián)系實際）實戰(zhàn)演練：請用英語寫一篇100左右的短文，簡要描述漫畫內(nèi)容，并結(jié)合生活實際，就漫畫主題談?wù)勛约旱母邢?。參考答案Ascanbeseeninthepicture,abutherissellingmeattoaman.Heisveryhappy,sayingtohimself“Isoldthemeatwithwaterpouredinatlast.”,whilethecustomerfeelscontentaswellbecausehehasboughtthemeatfoeafalse100-yuannote.Inmordentimes,somepeopledon’tseemtobeveryhonestandtheyoftendeceiveeachother.Theycandoanything,rightorwrong,intheirowninterest.Asaresult,harmwillbedonetobothsides.What’sworse,childrenaredeeplyaffectedandtheysometimescheatintheexaminationandoftentelllies.Therefore,it’shightimethatwewerewellawareoftheseriousproblem.III開放式話題議論文寫作指導(dǎo)隨著新課程標準的實施和推廣，各省市的書面表達都呈現(xiàn)了開放性的特點，試題允許學(xué)生個性的發(fā)揮和展現(xiàn)。近年的高考書面表達大多采取了命題測試的方式，或稱話題寫作，要求考生根據(jù)所提供的話題寫出一篇100字左右的短文.題型特點:開放式話題議論文往往只給出寫作的題目或兩三點提示或一段素材,然后由考生在此基礎(chǔ)上充分發(fā)揮想象力,自由創(chuàng)作,這對考生的能力要求更高,考查也更全面.綜觀高考書面表達,話題即文章的標題給定的形式一為陳述句,直接表明觀點和立場;二是一般疑問句或選擇疑問句為題,要求考生選擇某一方面(正方或反方)加以論述.這種題目把選擇的主動權(quán)家給了學(xué)生,考生可以結(jié)合自己的實際情況,作出自己的選擇并陳述理由.1.單一話題議論文寫作指導(dǎo)題型特點該題更具開放性，題目只給出了一個可供選擇的主題，要求考生在此基礎(chǔ)上自由發(fā)揮，不受“內(nèi)容要點”的限制，更能反映考生的綜合素質(zhì)和寫作水平。寫作思路短文可以分三段來寫：第一段提出問題第二段支持或反對的理由第三段得出結(jié)論，再次點題。題型示例1:某英文報發(fā)起題為"TimeandMoney"的征文活動.請你根據(jù)下面的提示寫一篇應(yīng)征稿.注意：（1）詞數(shù)100/120字左右。(2)可增加細節(jié),使行文連貫.寫作指導(dǎo)這是一篇立論為主的議論文.首先要從正面闡述了自己的觀點"時間比金錢重要",進而論述時間的重要性,并可從反面批駁一些人的錯誤觀點,最終得出要重視時間的結(jié)論.參考答案:TimeandMoneyWeallknowapopularsaying"Timeismoney".Butinmyopinion,timeismorevaluablethanmoney.Thereasonisthatwhenmoneyisspent,wecanearnitback.However,whentimeisgone,itwillneverreturn.Itisclearthatthetimewecanuseislimited.Therefore,weshouldmakefulluseofourtimetodousefulthings.Asstudents,wemustnotrelaxoureffortsinourstudies,sowecanserveourcountrybetterinthefuture.However,somepeopledon'tknowtheimportanceoftime.Theyspendtheirprecioustimedoingmeaninglessthings,andtheydonotrealizethatwastingtimeisequaltowastingapartoftheirvaluablelife.Inshort,weshouldformthegoodhabitofmakinguseoftime.Don'tputoffwhatwecandotodayuntilltomorrow.題型示例2:現(xiàn)在有種觀點認為：大部分人畢業(yè)后根本不使用英語，他們僅僅在為通過考試而學(xué)，因而沒有必要浪費精力去學(xué)英語。請你以LearnEnglishorNot？為題，用英語寫一篇短文，批駁這種觀點，并說明理由。注意：（1）短文以第一人稱寫（2）詞數(shù)100左右寫作指導(dǎo)這是一篇駁論性質(zhì)的議論文。作者首先要指出對方的觀點是錯誤的。為了駁倒對方，作者從幾個方面進行了論述，最后樹立起自己的正確觀點。需要提醒同學(xué)們的是：通常情況下，立論和駁論是分開的，但又是相互結(jié)合的。在立論性文章中，有時也要批駁謬誤，而在批駁性文章中，一般也在批駁的同時，確立正確的觀點。參考答案:LearnEnglishorNot？Nowadayssomepeoplethinkit’snotnecessaryforallpeopletolearnEnglishbecausethemajorityofpeopledon'tuseEnglishatallaftertheygraduateandEnglishisonlylearntforpassingexaminations。Obviously，theopinioniswrongandIdon‘tagreewithit。Firstofall，ourcountryisstilladevelopingone。OnlythroughEnglishcanwegetachancetolearntheadvancedscienceandtechnologyfromforeigncountries。Besides，itwillbemucheasierforustocommunicatewithforeignersandmakefriendswiththemifwecanspeakEnglishfreely。What’smore，wecanunderstandwesternculturesbetterandlearnsomethingmoreaboutthecountriesandthepeople。Inaword，IthinkweshouldstrengthenEnglishlearning。實戰(zhàn)演練:在很多學(xué)校，班級座位是按考試成績排定。某英文報“有話大家談”欄目就此征文?，F(xiàn)在請你寫一篇應(yīng)征稿，談?wù)勀愕目捶袄碛?。字?shù)：120左右參考答案：Inmanyschoolsthestudentstaketheirseatsaccordingtothescoresintheexamination.Thatis,thestudentwhotakethefirstplaceintheexamcanhavetherighttotakeanyseatifheorshelikes.Idon’tthinkitisright.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis.Firstofall,itisunfairforthestudentswithlowerscores.Itwillhurtthesestudents’feelingandasaresulttheywilllosetheirhearts.Secondly,forthestudentswhogetabetterseat,theywillthinkwronglythattheycangetwhatevertheywantiftheystudywell.What‘sworse,theywillthinkthatstudyingwellmeanseverythingsothattheyignorethecharactertraining,whichwilldodamagetohisfuturelife.Inconclusion,itishightimethatwetookmeasurestostopit.2.選擇式話題議論文寫作指導(dǎo)題型示例:吉尼斯世界紀錄近年來在中國受到不少人的追捧，中央電視臺也開辦了類似的節(jié)目，但同時這種現(xiàn)象也受到一些人的質(zhì)疑。某英語雜志社就此話題邀請中學(xué)生發(fā)表看法。請你參考所給要點，選擇一種觀點，寫一篇英語短文。觀點一：理由：在觀看挑戰(zhàn)中得到快樂，增長知識，同時，挑長者堅持不懈的精神值得尊敬?！?結(jié)論：支持觀點二：理由：有一些項目是無意義的，浪費的，甚至存在危險……….結(jié)論：反對參考詞匯挑戰(zhàn)者challenger寫作思路該題仿2007年浙江高考書面表達。這類題目純屬議論文，它圍繞一個話題，提出兩種可供選擇的觀點，要求考生選擇其一加以表述。另外，這類題目既有控制因素---要點提示，又有開放的特點—發(fā)表自己的觀點。對于這類題目的處理，考生首先要認真閱讀前面對提示，準確把握要求，使表達的內(nèi)容不跑題；其二，根據(jù)情景的發(fā)展，按順序安排好材料：（1）提出現(xiàn)象，亮明觀點（2）擺出理由，講明道理（3）概括結(jié)論，照應(yīng)開頭參考范文一NowadaysmoreandmoreChinesepeopleareinterestedinGuinnessrecords,andchallengersappearonCCTVoneafteranothereverynowandthen.Notonlywilltheperformancesgivetheaudiencegreatpleasurewhentheywatchthechallengers,butalsotheviewerscanlearnalotfromthem.What’smore,thedeterminationofthechallengerdeservesourrespect.Asforme,whethertoapplyfortheGuinnessrecordisnoneofothers’businessanditisuptothechallengertomakehisowndecision.Aslongasthechallengersdonoharmtoothersandsociety,weshouldn’tinterferethem.Ifyouareinterested,youcancheerthechallengeron;ifnot,youcandowhateverelseyoulike.參考范文二NowadaysmoreandmoreChinesepeopleareinterestedinGuinnessrecords,andchallengersappearonCCTVoneafteranothereverynowandthen.ButIholdtheoppositeviewaboutit.Firstofall,somerecordswhichareappliedforaremeaningless,wastefulandevendangerousforchallengers.Secondly,somechallengerswanttomakethemselvesknowntoallthepeoplesothattheycanmakeafortunebychallengingtherecord,iftheyaresuccessful.Tosumup,weshouldn’twastealotoftimeandmoneyinparticipatinginmeaninglesschallengesbutdevoteourselvestosomeinteresting,helpfulandinspiringactivities.實戰(zhàn)演練：最近你所在地方有關(guān)部門規(guī)定市區(qū)內(nèi)禁止三輪車運行，并就此征求群眾意見。請你發(fā)表自己的觀點，并陳述理由。字數(shù)：120左右參考范文一Thegovernmentinourareawillbantricyclesfromtheroadsinthedowntownareasofthecity.I’mstronglyagainstit.Firstofall,tobantricyclesfromtheroadsinthedowntownareaswillmeanencouragingtheuseofcarsorsomeothermotorvehicles,whichcontributegreatlytopollution.Secondly,somelaid–offworkersdependontheuseoftricyclesfortheirliving.Iftheuseoftricyclesisforbidden,lifeforthemwillbecomeharder.Atlast,theuseoftricyclesbringsconveniencetothecitizenofthecityanditischeapertorentatricycle.Tosumup,itisimpropertobantricyclesfromtheroadsinthedowntownareas.Thecitygovernmentshouldstrengthenthemanagement參考范文二Thegovernmentinourareawillbantricyclesfromtheroadsinthedowntownareasofthecity.Ithinkitisagoodideatodoso.Firstofall,iftricyclesareforbidden,,onlybicyclesandcarswillbeallowedontheroads.Asaresult,theheavytrafficwillreduce.Next,tricycledriversdon’tseemtokeepthetrafficrulewellandtheysometimesknockaboutinthedowntownarea,whichislikelytoresultinanaccident.Tomakethingsworse,theownersdon’tgetanypermitbeforetheycarrythepassengerasmosttricyclesareinbadconditions.Soitisdifficultforthegovernmenttomanagethemandtoprotectthepassengerfromanyharmwillbeinvain.Inaword,tobantricyclesfromtheroadsistomeetthepeople'sinterests三、議論文書面表達高頻句型以下是議論文寫作中使用率最高、覆蓋面最廣的基本句式，每組句式的功能相同或相似，考生可根據(jù)自己的情況選擇其中的1－2個，做到能夠熟練正確地仿寫或套用。

1．表示原因

1）Themostobviousreasonforthisphenomenonisthat……

2）Thereasonsarechieflyasfollows.3）Thereasonforthisisobvious./notfartoseek./

4）Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat．．．

5）Nomatteryoulikeitornot,AAAhasbecomemoreandmorepopularandtherearemanyreasonforit

6）Thereasonfor...isthat+從句7)Therearesome/two/manygoodreasonsfor.../todo...

8)Anumberoffactorscouldaccountforthe....

9)Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat...

10)Thereareseveralcausesforthissignificantgrowthin...First...

11)Because/As/Nowthat/Sincethedemandhasincreased,thepricesarehigher.12)Anincreaseindemandcauses/resultsin/leadsto/produceshigherprices.

13)Thedemandhasincreased.Therefore,/Asaresult,/Forthisreason,/Becauseofthis,/Consequently,thepricesarehigher.

14)Ifthereisanincreaseindemand,thenpricesrise./goup./boost./arehigher.15).inmymind,thefollowingfactors/reasons/causesneedtobetakenintoconsideration16).Thereareseveralreasonsforthisphenomenon/why...-(asfollows).17).Thereasonsarepresentedbelow.18).Therearenumerousreasonswhy____,andIwouldliketoexploreafewofthemostimportantoneshere.19).Therearethreepremier(主要的)/best/mostimportant,largest,significant,obvious,crucialcausesasfollows.20).Perhapsthisisbecauseofthesimplefactthat.....21).Thisisbasedonthepropensity(傾向，原因)offollowingpoints.22).Oneveryimportantargumentfor.....isthat....23).Thereasonsarequiteclear.Aboveall,....24).Thefirstreasoncanbeseenbyeveryperson.25).Thefirstandmostimportantreasonisthat.....26).Oneofthereasonsthataregivenfor....isthat....27)Wemaylookintoeverypossiblereason,however,foremostreasonfor....is..28).Thereisanotherfactorthatdeservessomewordshere.29)Thesecondthingthatmustbetakenintoconsiderationisthat...

2、表示不同看法或相反觀點的句型:1)OurclasshavehadaheateddiscussionaboutwhethertheBeijingZooshouldbemovedoutofthecity.2)Ourclasshavehadaheateddiscus/argumentaboutwhattododuringtheholiday.3)Thereisadiscussionabout.......4)I'mwritingtotellyouthediscussionwe'vehadaboutwhetheranentrancefeeshouldbecharged.5)Shouldstudentsmakefriendsonline?6)Thereisageneraldiscussiontodayabouttheissueof....;Thosewhoobjectto...arguethat...;Theybelievethat...;Butpeoplewhofavor...,ontheotherhand,arguethat...

7)Differentpeoplehave/holddifferentopinions/viewsonthequestion/problem/matter.Somebelievethat...;Othersarguethat...8)Theyarequitedifferentfromeachotherintheiropinions.

9)Opinionsvaryfromindividualtoindividual,fromculturetoculture.

10）Facedwith...;quiteafewpeoplearguethat...;Butotherpeopleconceivedifferently.

11）Therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto……Somepeoplesuggest/think/believethatthat….12）Tothisissue,differentpeoplecomeupwithvariousattitudes.13）People’sviewson…varyfrompersontoperson.Someholdthat….However,othersbelievethat….．14）Attitudestowards(drugs)varyfrompersontoperson.15）Somepeopleholdtheopinionthatitisgoodto....

16）Theythinkquitedifferentlyonthisquestion.

17）Differentpeoplelookat...indifferentways...

18）SomepeopleholdtheopinionthatAissuperiortoBinmanyways;Others,however,disagreewithit.19）Peoplehave（take，adopt，assume）differentattitudestowardstheissue．20)Nowadays,therearesome/manywhothink……Intheiropinion,….21)However,therearealargenumberofpeoplewhoholdadifferentviewconcerningthiscase.22）Butotherpeoplesetforthcompletelytotallydifferentargumentconcerningthiscase.23）Somepeopleexaminethisissuefromanotherangle.24）Others,however,thinkstudentsshouldnot.25）Ontheotherhand，someothershavejusttheoppositeopinion.26）However,othersareagainst/objectto/argueagainsttheidea,sayingthat.....27）Onthecontrary,therearesomepeopleagainst....atthesametime.28）Buttherearestillmanypeoplewhodon’tagree.Theyarguethat__29）However,justlikeeverythinghasbothitsgoodandbadsides,…..alsohasitsowndisadvantage30)Sb.argues/maintains/holds/insists/believes/claim/deemthat...

3.發(fā)表自己觀點的常用語句：1)Personally,Ifullyagreewith/sidewith/standonsideoftheformer/latteropinion/thestatement(that..)2)Inmyopinion,itwouldbemuchbetterto.....3)Formypart,Ithinkitreasonableto.....Onlyinthatwaycanwe.......4)ButIdon'tthinkitisaverygoodwayto......5)AsfarasIamconcerned,myfavorgoesto…….6)Ofthesetwowaysof….,Iinclinedtothispointofviewwhich……7)Inshort,Isupportthestatementthatitisbetterto……8)Butforme,Iwouldratherthinkofthematterinanoptimisticway.9)Tomymind/Tomypointofview,theadvantagesfaroverweighthedrawbacks(disadvantages,shortcomings)10)Afterathoroughconsideration,formypart,Iaminfavorofthelatterviewthat...11)Ifaskedtomakeadecision,Iwouldprefer...12)Takingintoconsiderationbothsidesoftheissue,Itendtofavorthelatterview..13)Whenconsideringopi