統(tǒng)考版2023高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)專題五短文改錯(cuò)-先方法再行文第一講攻關(guān)八類詞法類錯(cuò)誤課件

第一講攻關(guān)八類詞法類錯(cuò)誤考點(diǎn)1名詞和冠詞【典例1】

[2022·全國乙卷]Ourcitieswillbebetterplacesifwereplacecarswithbicycle.__________

考場思維：(1)語境含義：如果我們用自行車代替汽車，我們的城市將變得更好。(2)根據(jù)語法知識(shí)分析可知，此句為名詞單復(fù)數(shù)誤用。根據(jù)cars可知bicycle要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。bicycle→bicycles【典例2】

[2021·全國乙卷]Ilovedoinghousework.Ialwaysassistmyparentsindoingthedishaftermeals.__________考場思維：(1)語境含義：我喜歡做家務(wù)活。飯后，

我總是幫助父母洗碗。(2)根據(jù)語法知識(shí)分析：名詞單復(fù)數(shù)誤用。短語dothedishes意為“洗碗”。dish→dishes1．[2022·大同市高三調(diào)研]Afterleavingthemuseum,wewentdowntownandfounditwascrowdedwithquitealotofbuilding.________________2．[2021·全國甲卷]Manystudentssaytheywilltalktotheirfriendorclassmatesbecausethey'reofthesameageandcanunderstandeachother.________________3．[2022·河南省仿真模擬]Oneday,I'dliketohavemyhairscut.Mymotherdidn'tagreewithme.________________4．[2022·安徽省考前適應(yīng)性考試]LastFriday'sevening,Iwenttowatchtheballet“TheWhite-hairedGirl”．________________5．[2022·安慶市高中聯(lián)考]Whataunforgettablelesson!AfterwardsImanagedtofigureoutthewoman'sname:“Dorothy.”________________building→buildingsfriend→friends

hairs→hairFriday's→Fridaya→an6．[2022·安徽省高考沖刺卷一]Thisfunnyexperiencealsotaughtmethelesson.________________7．[2022·河南省百所名校壓軸卷]Becauseitwasalittlefarfromourhome,wewenttherebybus.Afterabouttwohour,wegotthere.Seeingusgettingoffabus,myuncleandauntcametomeetusgladly.__________8．[2022·河南省大聯(lián)考前卷]Lastyear,IwenttotheBritishhighschoolasanexchangestudent.________________,the→a

hour→hours;a→thethe→a1．理清單復(fù)數(shù)使用情況(1)單個(gè)名詞和不可數(shù)的名詞要用單數(shù)。(2)多個(gè)可數(shù)的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。2．牢記雷打不動(dòng)的十大不可數(shù)名詞advice，news，information，progress，work，fun，weather，music，health，luck。3．三類位置后常用名詞(1)冠詞后常用名詞。(2)介詞后常用名詞。(3)形容詞性物主代詞后常用名詞。4．關(guān)注冠詞的考查重點(diǎn)(1)a和an，表達(dá)數(shù)量或者泛指任何一個(gè)。a用于輔音音素(不是輔音字母)開頭的詞前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)開頭的詞前。(2)若對(duì)于某個(gè)名詞有明指或暗示的情況，前面要加the。(3)若某名詞是復(fù)數(shù)、專有名詞或抽象名詞、物質(zhì)名詞(沒有固定性狀)，前面不適合加冠詞，應(yīng)把該位置空下來，形成“零冠詞”。(4)固定搭配中的冠詞需要牢記?？键c(diǎn)2介詞和數(shù)詞【典例1】

[2022·全國乙卷]Maybeitisbecausethecombinationoffreshair,smoothmovementandexercise.__________考場思維：(1)語境含義：也許是因?yàn)樾迈r的空氣、流暢的運(yùn)動(dòng)和鍛煉的結(jié)合。(2)考查介詞的缺失。because是連詞，其后要接句子，becauseof后接名詞或名詞短語。because后加of【典例2】

[2021·全國乙卷]Inmyopinion,studentscanbenefitalotdoingsomehousework.__________考場思維：(1)語境含義：在我看來，學(xué)生做一些家務(wù)可以受益很多。

(2)考查介詞的缺失。benefitfrom/bydoingsth.為固定搭配，

意為“得益于(做)某事”。alot后加from/by1．[2022·河南省百所名校壓軸卷]Lastweekend,Iwentwithmyparentsvisitmyuncleandaunt,wholiveinthecountryside.____________2．[2019·全國Ⅱ卷]WhenIstudiedchemistryhighschool,Ireconsideredmygoalanddecidedtobeadoctor.________________3．[2022·山西省運(yùn)城市第四次模擬]Hewouldwanderinthesupermarketnearby,waitingus.________________4．[2022·西北工業(yè)大學(xué)附中適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練]AbigstormdestroyedtwovillagesinSouthAfricaonlastFriday,causing4deaths.______________5．[2022·寶雞市模擬三]Theyweretakingphotoswhenthegirlfellofffromtheboatintothewater.Thencameacryof“help!help！”_______visit前加tohigh前面加in/atwaiting后加for去掉lastFriday前面的on去掉felloff后的from6．[2022·蕪湖市5月質(zhì)量監(jiān)測]TodaymottoesfromConfucianismarefrequentlyusedbyforeignofficialsontheirspeechesortalks.________________7．[2022·陜西西安中學(xué)模擬]Hundredofstudentstookexamsforit,butonlyafewwerechosenandIwasoneofthem.________________8．[2022·貴陽第二次模擬]IrememberclearlythatwhenIwasonmyeighteenbirthday,myfathergavemeapresent—apicturebook.________________9．[2022·安慶市示范高中聯(lián)考]Shewasprobablyinherfifty,withlonganddarkhair.________________,on→inHundred→Hundredseighteen→eighteenthfifty→fifties1．關(guān)注介詞遺漏(1)不及物動(dòng)詞后需要加介詞才能加賓語。(2)作定語的不定式中動(dòng)詞如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或不定式修飾的名詞和代詞是不定式動(dòng)詞的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后要有相應(yīng)的介詞。2．明辨介詞多余(1)及物動(dòng)詞后無需加介詞再加賓語。(2)this/that/these/those/last/next/a/every/each等詞構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語，前面不用任何介詞。3．牢記相似介詞的區(qū)別in,on,at的區(qū)別：表示時(shí)間時(shí)，in表示在一段時(shí)間里(在將來時(shí)的句子中則表示在一段時(shí)間之后)，on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等，at表示在具體的時(shí)刻。4．識(shí)別序數(shù)詞與基數(shù)詞的混用和錯(cuò)用“只描述數(shù)量多少”用基數(shù)詞；“強(qiáng)調(diào)順序性，作第幾”講的時(shí)候用序數(shù)詞。5．注意年齡、年代的表達(dá)法表達(dá)“在某人幾十歲時(shí)”用“inone's＋逢十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”；表達(dá)“在幾十年代”時(shí)，用“inthe＋逢十的基數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)”?？键c(diǎn)3謂語動(dòng)詞誤用【典例1】

[2021·全國乙卷]Also,itgivesourparentsmoretimetodowhattheyarelikeanditimprovesthefamilyrelationship.__________考場思維：(1)語境含義：此外，這給了父母更多的時(shí)間去做他們喜歡的事情，這改善了家庭關(guān)系。(2)謂語動(dòng)詞的誤用。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，

what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，

句中的like作動(dòng)詞，

意為“喜歡”，故are多余。去掉are【典例2】

[2020·全國卷Ⅱ]Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold,butIhavelongbeenoutofpractice.__________考場思維：(1)語境含義：實(shí)際上，我從七歲就開始學(xué)功夫了，但我已經(jīng)很長時(shí)間沒練習(xí)了。(2)根據(jù)分析可知，本句考查謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤。由“whenIwassevenyearsold”可確定該句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該為一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。start→started1．[2022·蚌埠市第四次質(zhì)量檢測]Notlongago,ourschoolorganizeacharitywalktoraisemoneyforchildreninpoorareas.________________2．[2022·貴陽市五校聯(lián)考]Duringmylastsummerholiday,Igotothecountrysidetoenjoymyself.________________3．[2022·黑龍江大慶市5月聯(lián)考]Itnotonlybringsuspleasurebutreducewastearoundus.________________4．[2022·大慶市第三次檢測]LastFridaymorningIfinishmyPEtest.Asaboy,Iwasjoinedintwoparts,thelongjumpandthe1，000-meterrace.________________organize→organized

go→wentreduce→reducesfinish→finished;將was去掉5．[2022·長春市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)押題卷]OnMondaymorning,weweretoldafunsportsmeetingwouldheldontheschoolplaygroundonFridayafternoon.________________6．[2021·全國甲卷]Oneofthequestionsare:Whowillyougotointimesoftrouble?Herearetheresults.________________7．[2020·全國Ⅲ卷]Mydaddon'tlikethesoupandIdon'tenjoyapples.________________8．[2022·景德鎮(zhèn)市第二次質(zhì)檢]Incollegelife,recreationalactivitiescanbynomeansignored.________________held前面加be第一個(gè)are→is

第一個(gè)don't→doesn'tignored前加be1．識(shí)別時(shí)態(tài)不一致文章前后是現(xiàn)在時(shí)但卻用了過去時(shí)，或前后都是過去時(shí)卻用了現(xiàn)在時(shí)，導(dǎo)致時(shí)態(tài)不一致。2．判斷并列不一致在平行或并列結(jié)構(gòu)中，動(dòng)詞的形式通常是一致的。關(guān)鍵的問題是看and，or等后面的動(dòng)詞與前面的哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞并列，一定要理解，辨別清楚。3．留心語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤(1)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的過去分詞寫成了一般過去式或現(xiàn)在分詞。(2)主動(dòng)語態(tài)中多了be以及be的變形，變成了被動(dòng)語態(tài)。4．注意主謂不一致情況主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語卻采用復(fù)數(shù)形式；主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語卻采用單數(shù)形式，導(dǎo)致主謂不一致的情況。5．牢記情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后一定要接動(dòng)詞原形，但卻用了過去式或其他形式。(2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相互間的誤用?？键c(diǎn)4非謂語動(dòng)詞形式錯(cuò)誤【典例1】

[2021·全國甲卷]Theiranswersalsoshowthattheydisliketalktoothers.__________考場思維：(1)語境含義：他們的回答也表明他們不喜歡和別人說話。(2)非謂語動(dòng)詞的誤用。dislikedoingsth.為固定搭配，

意為“不喜歡做某事”。talk→talking【典例2】

[2020·全國Ⅲ卷]Itellmymomthatifwe'reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.__________考場思維：(1)語境含義：我對(duì)媽媽說如果我們被強(qiáng)迫吃東西，我們可能會(huì)生病。(2)根據(jù)固定搭配解題：beforcedtodosth.“被迫做某事”。eat前加to1．[2022·貴陽一模]Istronglysuggestweshouldmakefulluseofoursparetimegotothelibrary.________________2．[2022·太原五中模擬一]IputmyowncreativeideasandimaginationdownonpaperasIworkhardtoimprovingmyskills.________________3．[2022·安陽市高考模擬]Eachofuswasmadecarryhalfoftheother'slunchtoschool.________________4．[2022·寶雞市模擬三]YesterdayafternoonIhappenedseeatouchingeventinHongxingPark.________________5．[2022·江西省宜春市八校聯(lián)考]Havedecidedtofocusonbothourstudyandlife,wewillmakearelevantplan.________________go前加toimproving→improvemade后加to在happened后加toHave→Having6．[2022·榆林市第四次模擬]Besides,itconvincedmethatlivingalonedidnotmeanbelonely.________________7．[2022·景德鎮(zhèn)市第二次質(zhì)檢]Facesomanyinterestingextracurricularactivities,wecollegestudentshavetroublechoosingtheproperones.________________8．[2022·山西運(yùn)城市模擬測試]Wearinguniformsalsosavetimeforstudentsastheydon'tneedtowastetheirvaluabletimedecidewhattoweareverymorning.________________9．[2022·太原押寶題]Amazingathowskillfultheywere,Iwasdeterminedtobejustasgood.________________10．[2022·江西省模擬三]Afterthat,weenjoyedthedeliciousfoodbringingfromhomeandappreciatedthebeautifulsceneryofthepark.________________be→beingFace→Facing

save→saves;decide→decidingAmazing→Amazedbringing→brought1．理清to的兩種命題方式(1)多余：感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞(get除外)后跟不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。(2)缺失：有些動(dòng)詞，如want,decide,plan等后應(yīng)接帶to的不定式作賓語。2．辨清非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，且另一動(dòng)詞不作并列謂語，則只能用非謂語動(dòng)詞。3．搞清動(dòng)詞-ing形式與動(dòng)詞-ed形式的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞-ing形式表主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行；動(dòng)詞-ed形式表被動(dòng)、完成；動(dòng)詞-ing形式轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞表示“令人……的”，常修飾物；而動(dòng)詞-ed形式轉(zhuǎn)化的形容詞表示“感到……的”，常修飾人。4．掌握介詞標(biāo)志介詞后一般需要跟名詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式。5．注意主語或賓語形式主語或賓語常常使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式或不定式。6．明辨介詞to與不定式符號(hào)to的用法區(qū)別介詞to后接名詞、代詞或數(shù)詞，構(gòu)成介詞短語；不定式符號(hào)to后接動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成不定式短語?？键c(diǎn)5形容詞和副詞誤用【典例1】

[2022·全國乙卷]Weallknowthatcyclingisagreatlyexercise.__________考場思維：(1)語境含義：我們都知道騎自行車是一項(xiàng)很好的運(yùn)動(dòng)。(2)根據(jù)語法知識(shí)分析可知，此句為形容詞、副詞錯(cuò)用。exercise是名詞，修飾名詞要用形容詞。greatly→great【典例2】

[2021·全國乙卷]What'smore，doinghouseworkcanbeaformofmentallyrelaxationfromstudy.__________考場思維：(1)語境含義：更重要的是，做家務(wù)是一種從學(xué)習(xí)中精神放松的形式。(2)形容詞副詞的誤用。此處應(yīng)用形容詞mental修飾名詞relaxation。mentally→mental1．[2021·全國甲卷]Inmyopinion,whenintrouble,weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmostly.________________2．[2022·河南省大聯(lián)考最后一卷]IfoundmathsquiteeasilytherebecausethemathsteachmaterialsarelessadvancedintheUK._________3．[2022·南昌二模]Itprovidesmewithknowledge,andconvincesmeentirethatbeingaloneisnotlonely.________________4．[2022·蕪湖市5月質(zhì)量監(jiān)測]TodaymottoesfromConfucianismarefrequentusedbyforeignofficialsintheirspeechesortalks.____________5．[2022·貴州模擬七]Asyoualreadyknow,therearealotofforestfiresduringthesummerseason.Manyforestsarebadburnteachyear.____mostly→most

easily→easy

entire→entirelyfrequent→frequentlybad→badly6．[2022·河南省百所名校壓軸卷]Inthisway,Isavedaducksuccessfulandfeltveryhappy.________________7．[2022·河南名校聯(lián)盟壓軸卷一]Beside,parkingcarscanbereallyannoyed.Inmyopinion,afamilyshouldthinkcarefulbeforebuyingacar.________________8．[2022·太原五中模一]Anditisthisrealizationthathasbroughtmetoworkevenhardthaneverbefore.________________9．[2022·安陽重點(diǎn)高中調(diào)研九]Familycarsareintendedtobeconvenient.Therefore,willtheyreallybringconveniencetoeverydaylife？________________successful→successfullyBeside→Besides;annoyed→annoying;careful→carefullyhard→harder

Therefore→However1．明辨詞性誤用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，在句中作狀語。2．理清比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的誤用(1)原級(jí)和比較級(jí)混用，比較級(jí)前面的提示詞是much,far,still,even,rather,alittle,abit,alot,agreatdeal等。(2)比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)混用，最高級(jí)和定冠詞的連用。(3)在本身已是比較級(jí)形式的基礎(chǔ)上誤加more。(4)在沒有最高級(jí)的詞前誤加most。3．關(guān)注形近詞誤用hard意為“刻苦地，猛烈地”，

hardly意為“幾乎不，幾乎沒有”；

beside意為“在……旁邊”，

besides意為“另外”；

near意為“近的”，

nearly意為“幾乎”。4．看清重點(diǎn)連接副詞誤用however主要用于轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ?，意為“然而，可是，但是”?/p>

therefore主要表示結(jié)果，意為“因此，所以”。練重點(diǎn)練難點(diǎn)創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用體驗(yàn)Test1[2022·臨川一中高三實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練5月沖刺]Iwouldliketotalkaboutmyfavoritesport,running.Ionlyta