雅思閱讀7大邏輯關(guān)系

雅思閱讀7大邏輯關(guān)系雅思閱讀7大邏輯關(guān)系-判斷題中的比較邏輯?一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)一下吧，下面就和大家分享，來(lái)欣賞一下吧。雅思閱讀7大邏輯關(guān)系-判斷題中的比較邏輯在很多烤鴨的眼中，當(dāng)閱讀題干出現(xiàn)比較關(guān)系時(shí)，就很容易在FALSE與NOTGIVEN之間傻傻分不清楚。或者認(rèn)為，如果答案為T(mén)RUE，就一定意味著原文出現(xiàn)比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。但事實(shí)如此嗎?Ofcoursenot.實(shí)際上，在閱讀題目當(dāng)中，比較關(guān)系有顯性和隱性之分，直接出現(xiàn)比較級(jí)的形式只是顯性比較關(guān)系的體現(xiàn)。除此之外，還有一些隱性比較關(guān)系的情況會(huì)出現(xiàn)在題目當(dāng)中。今天，我們來(lái)羅列以下三種情況：動(dòng)詞、數(shù)值以及變化。1.動(dòng)詞一般情況下，表示上升下降類(lèi)型的動(dòng)詞也可以表達(dá)比較關(guān)系。例：題目：Therearemorepeoplethanbefore.原文：Thepopulationisincreasing.這道題目的答案很顯然是true。雖然原文并沒(méi)有直接出現(xiàn)比較級(jí)，但是increase這個(gè)趨勢(shì)性的動(dòng)詞體現(xiàn)出了人口一直增長(zhǎng)的含義，意味著靠后時(shí)間的人口數(shù)量一定大于靠前時(shí)間的人口數(shù)量，比較關(guān)系成立。同樣的道理，如果原文表示的是Thepopulationisdecreasing，而題目信息表示Therearefewerpeoplethanbefore，這個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系仍然成立。2.數(shù)值除了動(dòng)詞的對(duì)應(yīng)之外，出現(xiàn)不同數(shù)字的羅列也可以表達(dá)比較關(guān)系。例：題目：AisolderthanB.原文：Ais2yearsoldandBis3yearsold.這個(gè)例子也非常簡(jiǎn)單，答案是False。在題干信息中出現(xiàn)了關(guān)于年齡大小的比較級(jí)，而原文只是出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)不同的年齡數(shù)字。但是這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)字大小的對(duì)比結(jié)果對(duì)于大家而言都是顯而易見(jiàn)的。3.變化在了解了動(dòng)詞和數(shù)字所對(duì)應(yīng)的比較情況后，我們?cè)賮?lái)看一看變化類(lèi)的詞，所體現(xiàn)的比較考點(diǎn)。例：題目：Thepopulationhaschanged.原文：Therearemorepeoplethanbefore.這道題目區(qū)別于之前的例題，在題干信息中只體現(xiàn)了變化的概念，但是變化性對(duì)應(yīng)到原文當(dāng)中，可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)比較級(jí)或是其他比較關(guān)系的對(duì)應(yīng)。比如，在上述例題中，原文中表示現(xiàn)在的人比過(guò)去的人多，題目表示人數(shù)發(fā)生了變化，這類(lèi)信息對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系成立，答案為T(mén)rue。所以總結(jié)一下：比較考點(diǎn)是雅思閱讀判斷題最常見(jiàn)的考點(diǎn)之一，甚至在諸如配對(duì)題這樣的難題中也十分常見(jiàn)。很多同學(xué)在做題時(shí)，會(huì)盲目認(rèn)為比較級(jí)是比較關(guān)系的唯一體現(xiàn)。但事實(shí)上，除了比較級(jí)這種顯性的比較關(guān)系之外，還有一部分諸如動(dòng)詞、數(shù)值對(duì)比以及變化性詞匯的使用，都有可能對(duì)應(yīng)比較關(guān)系。大家在備考的時(shí)候一定要注意拓展自己的思維，了解核心邏輯考點(diǎn)，同時(shí)掌握重要邏輯關(guān)系在不同題型中的作用，不要被原文固定化的思路局限，影響答題噢~~最后：如果大家感覺(jué)自己備考毫無(wú)章法，可以來(lái)參加桃子老師的免費(fèi)訓(xùn)練營(yíng)，每天不僅有老師精挑細(xì)選的題型做練習(xí)，還可以聽(tīng)各科公開(kāi)課進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)，孤軍奮戰(zhàn)不如和一群同在備考一線的小伙伴一起備考哦~雅思閱讀精讀|WhennewgrowsoldWhennewgrowsold(1)————————————ArtistsworkingwithtechnologystruggletostaycurrentIn1968theInstituteofContemporaryArtsinLondonheldanexhibitioncalled“CyberneticSerendipity”，Britain’sfirstshowexploringconnectionsbetweenartandnewtechnology.Itwashugelypopularandinhindsight,welltimed.Itcoincidedwithtwocrucialdevelopmentsintherelationshipbetweenartandtechnology:thepop-artmovement,whichwasdemolishingboundariesbetweenhighartandeverydaylife，andARPANET，thecomputer-to-computernetworkwhichwouldbecometheinternet.Theinternethascontinuedtoerodeestablishednotionsofwhatqualifiesasart,andwhocanclaimtobeanartist.Newcategoriesflourish:net.art，newmediaart，theNewAesthetic，internetart,post-internetart.Online-onlysalesandexhibitionsareincreasinglycommon,asisartexistingsolelyindigitalform，boughtandsoldthroughwebsitessuchasElectricObjects(onamission“toputdigitalartonawallineveryhome”).Successfulcareersandexpensivecollectionsarebuiltusingsocialmedia,suchasInstagram，theimage-andvideo-sharingappthathasusersposting80mphotographsaday.“ElectronicSuperhighway”,anewshowattheWhitechapelGalleryinLondon,looksathowartistshaverespondedtotechnologyandchange.Theexhibition,whichtakesitsnamefromaphrasecoinedin1974byNamJunePaik,avideoartist，todescribethepotentialoftelecommunicationsystems,isarrangedinreversechronologicalorder.Thiscallsparticularattentiontohowquicklytechnologiesbecomeobsolete，andhowarttiedtothoseformsageswithit.詞匯與表達(dá)hindsightunderstandingthenatureofaneventafterithashappenedn.后見(jiàn)之明coincidewithmeetwith符合demolishdestroycompletelyvt.破壞erodebecomegrounddownordeterioratevt.腐蝕，侵蝕qualifyprovecapableorfit;meetrequirementsvi.取得資格，有資格claimtoberegardoneselfas自稱(chēng)phraseanexpressionconsistingofoneormorewordsformingagrammaticalconstituentofasentencen.短語(yǔ)coinmakeupvt.杜撰，創(chuàng)造telecommunicationsystemacommunicationsystemforcommunicatingatadistance通信系統(tǒng)chronologicalrelatingtoorarrangedaccordingtotemporalorderadj.按年代順序排列的obsoleteold;nolongerinuseorvalidorfashionableadj.廢棄的;老式的長(zhǎng)句翻譯Successfulcareersandexpensivecollectionsarebuiltusingsocialmedia，suchasInstagram，theimage-andvideo-sharingappthathasusersposting80mphotographsaday.語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句翻譯：通過(guò)社交媒體，比如Instagram，一種用戶(hù)每天會(huì)上傳8千萬(wàn)照片的圖像和視頻分享軟件，許多成功的事業(yè)和高昂的展覽都發(fā)展起來(lái)了。雅思考試閱讀理解備考輔導(dǎo)ACanaryintheCoalMineTheArcticseemstobegettingwarmer.Sowhat?A.“ClimatechangeintheArcticisarealitynow!”SoinsistsRobertCorell，anoceanographerwiththeAmericanMeteorologicalSociety.Wild-eyedproclamationsarealltoocommonwhenitcomestoglobalwarming，butinthiscasehisassertionseemswellfounded.B.Atfirstsight，theACIA’s(AmericanConstructionInspectorsAssociation)report’sconclusionsarenotsosurprising.Afterall，scientistshavelongsuspectedthatseveralfactorsleadtogreatertemperatureswingsatthepolesthanelsewhereontheplanet.Oneisalbedo—theposhscientificnameforhowmuchsunlightisabsorbedbyaplanet’ssurface，andhowmuchisreflected.MostofthePolarRegionsarecoveredinsnowandice，whicharemuchmorereflectivethansoilorocean.Ifthatsnowmelts，theexposureofdarkearth(whichabsorbsheat)actsasafeedbackloopthataccelerateswarming.Asecondfactorthatmakesthepolesspecialisthattheatmosphereisthinnertherethanattheequator，andsolessenergyisrequiredtowarmitup.Athirdfactoristhatlesssolarenergyislostinevaporationatthefrigidpolesthaninthesteamytropics.C.Andyetthelanguageofthisweek’sreportisstilleye-catching：“theArcticisnowexperiencingsomeofthemostrapidandsevereclimatechangeonEarth.”ThelastauthoritativeassessmentofthetopicwasdonebytheUN’sIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC)in2001.Thatreportmadeheadlinesbypredictingariseinsealevelofbetween10cm(fourinches)and90cm，andatemperatureriseofbetween1.4°Cand5.8°Coverthiscentury.However，itsauthorsdidnotfeelconfidentinpredictingeitherrapidpolarwarmingorthespeedydemiseoftheGreenlandicesheet.PointingtoevidencegatheredsincetheIPCCreport，thisweek’sreportsuggeststroubleliesahead.D.TheACIAreckonsthatinrecentdecadesaveragetemperatureshaveincreasedalmosttwiceasfastintheArcticastheyhaveintherestoftheworld.Skepticsarguethatthereareplaces，suchasthehighlatitudesoftheGreenlandicesheetandsomebuoysatsea，wheretemperaturesseemtohavefallen.Ontheotherhand，therearealsoplaces，suchaspartsofAlaska，wheretheyhaverisenfarfasterthanaverage.RobinBell，ageophysicistatColumbiaUniversitywhowasnotinvolvedinthereport’scompilation，believesthatsuchconflictinglocaltrendspointtothevalueoftheinternational，interdisciplinaryapproachofthisweek’sreport.Asheobserves，“climatechange，liketheweather，canbepatchyandyoucangetfooledunlessyoulookatthewholepicture.”E.AndthereisotherevidenceofwarmingtobolstertheACIA’scase.Forexample，thereportdocumentsthewidespreadmeltingofglaciersandofseaice，atrendalreadymakinglifemiserableforthepolarbearsandsealsthatdependonthatice.Italsonotesashorteningofthesnowseason.Themostworryingfinding，however，istheevidence—stillpreliminary—thattheGreenlandicesheetmaybemeltingfasterthanpreviouslythought.F.Thatpointstoonereasontheworldshouldpayattentiontothisweek’sreport.Likeacanaryinacoalmine，thehypersensitivePolarRegionsmaywellexperiencethefullforceofglobalwarmingbeforetherestoftheplanetdoes.However，thereisasecondandbiggerreasontopayattention.AnunexpectedlyrapidwarmingoftheArcticcouldalsoleaddirectlytogreaterclimatechangeelsewhereontheplanet.G.Arcticwarmingmayinfluencetheglobalclimateinseveralways.Oneisthathugeamountsofmethane，aparticularlypotentgreenhousegas，arestoredinthepermafrostofthetundra.Althoughathawwouldallowforeststoinvadethetundra，whichwouldtendtoameliorateanyglobalwarmingthatisgoingon(sincetreescapturecarbondioxide，thegreenhousegasmosttalkedaboutinthecontextofclimatechange)，ameltingofthepermafrostmightalsoleadtoalotoftrappedmethanebeingreleasedintotheatmosphere，morethanoffsettingthecoolingeffectsofthenewforests.H.AnotherworryisthatArcticwarmingwillinfluenceoceancirculationinwaysthatarenotfullyunderstood.Onelinkinthechainisthesalinityofseawater，whichisdecreasinginthenorthAtlanticthankstoanincreaseinglacialmeltwaters.“Becausefreshwaterandsaltwaterhavedifferentdensities，this‘freshening’oftheoceancouldchangecirculationpatterns.”saidDr.Thomson，aBritishclimateexpert.“Themostcelebratedriskistothemid-AtlanticConveyorBelt，acurrentwhichbringswarmwaterfromthetropicstonorth-westernEurope，andwhichisresponsibleforthatregion’sunusuallymildwinters，”headded.SomeoftheACIA’sexpertsarefrettingoverevidenceofreduceddensityandsalinityinwatersneartheArcticthatcouldadverselyaffectthiscurrent.I.Thebiggestpopularworry，though，isthatmeltingArcticicecouldleadtoadramaticriseinsealevel.Here，afewcaveatsareneeded.Forastart，muchoftheiceintheArcticisfloatingintheseaalready.Archimedes’sprincipleshowsthatthemeltingofthisicewillmakenoimmediatedifferencetothesea’slevel，althoughitwouldchangeitsalbedo.Second，iflandice，suchasthatcoveringGreenland，doesmeltinlargequantities，theprocesswilltakecenturies.Andthird，althoughtheexpertsareindeedworriedthatglobalwarmingmightcausetheoceanstorise，themainwaytheybelievethiswillhappenisbythermalexpansionofthewateritself.J.Nevertheless，thereissomecausefornervousness.AstheACIAresearchersdocument，therearesignsthatthemassiveGreenlandicesheetmightbemeltingmorerapidlythanwasthoughtafewyearsago.Cracksinthesheetappeartobeallowingmeltwatertotrickletoitsbase，explainsMichaelOppenheimer，aclimatologistatPrincetonUniversitywhowasnotoneofthereport’sauthors.Thatwatermayactasalubricant，speedingupthesheet’smovementintothesea.Iftheentiresheetmelted，theseamightriseby6-7meters.Butwhenwillthiskindofdisastrousicedisintegrationreallyhappen?Whileacknowledgingitthiscenturyisstillanunlikelyoutcome，Dr.Oppenheimerarguesthattheevidenceofthepastfewyearssuggestsitismorelikelytohappenoverthenextfewcenturiesiftheworlddoesnotreduceemissionsofgreenhousegases.HeworriesthatanacceleratingArcticwarmingtrendmayyetpushtheicemeltbeyondan“irreversibleon/offswitch”.K.Thatisscarystuff，butsomescientistsremainunimpressed.PatrickMichaels，aclimatologistattheUniversityofVirginia，complainsabouttheACIA’sdataselection，whichhebelievesmayhaveproducedevidenceof“spuriouswarming”.Healsopointsout，inanewbook，thatevenifArctictemperaturesarerising，thatneednotleaddirectlytotheicemelting.Asheputsit，“Underglobalwarming，Greenland’siceindeedmightgrow，especiallyifthewarmingoccursmostlyinwinter.Afterall，warmingtheairtendegreeswhenthetemperatureisdozensofdegreesbelowfreezingislikelytoincreasesnowfall，sincewarmerairisgenerallymoisterandprecipitatesmorewater.”L.Nils-AxelMorner，aSwedishclimateexpertbasedatStockholmUniversity，pointsoutthatobservedrisesinsealevelshavenotmatchedth