Unit3DiscoverUsefulStructuresDirectSpeechIndirectSpeech課件高中英語人教版選擇性

Unit3EnvironmentProtection直接引語和間接引語DiscoveringUsefulStructures—Directspeech&indirectspeech直接引語和間接引語的魅力Wehaveonlyoneearthbutouronlyearthisbeingdestroyedbysomepeople.Listen!Theearthsays,“saveme!”

Yeah,theearthtellsustosaveit.Itishightimeweshouldliveinharmonywiththeearth.Lookatthesentencesinbothcolumnsanddiscussthedifferencesbetweeneachpair.Summarisetherulesforchangingdirectspeechintoindirectspeech.

Directspeech1.Theexpertsaid,“Fromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.”IndirectspeechTheexpertsaidthatfromthepositionofitsdeadbody,thebearappearedtohavestarvedanddied.3.Thereporteraskedhowwecouldsavepolarbearsfromextinction.IndirectspeechThereporteraskedwhetherpolarbearswoulddieoutbecauseofclimatechange.

Directspeech2.Thereporterasked,“Willpolarbearsdieoutbecauseofclimatechange?”3.Thereporterasked,“Howcanwesavepolarbearsfromextinction?”IndirectspeechTheexpertadvisedustoworktogethertostopclimatechange.

Directspeech4.“Let’sworktogethertostopclimatechange,”theexpertsaid.什么是直接引語和間接引語？引用別人的話有兩種方式：一種是直接引用別人原句，放在引號(hào)里，這叫直接引語；另一種是用自己的話來轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，且不能用引號(hào)，這是直接引語；直接引語如何變間接引語？直接引語如果改為間接引語，須在連接詞、人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、狀語、個(gè)別指示代詞和動(dòng)詞等方面做相應(yīng)的變化。1．連接詞的選擇(1)直接引語是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，常變成由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。在口語中that可以省略。Thelittleboysaid,“Iwasplayingwithmytoyswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.”(直接引語為陳述句)Thelittleboysaid(that)hewasplayingwithhistoyswhensomeoneknockedatthedoor.(間接引語為that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)(2)直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句或反意疑問句時(shí)，間接引語中用whether(...or...或...ornot)或if引導(dǎo)。Mothersaidtoherdaughter，“Areyousatisfiedwithyournewroom？”(直接引語為一般疑問句)Motheraskedherdaughterwhether/ifshewassatisfiedwithhernewroom.(間接引語改為whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)(3)直接引語為特殊疑問句時(shí)，間接引語仍用原句中的特殊疑問詞來引導(dǎo)，其余的變化遵照直接引語和間接引語之間的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則來進(jìn)行。“Whenwillthesportsmeetbeheld?”hesaid.(直接引語為特殊疑問句)→Heaskedwhenthesportsmeetwouldbeheld.(間接引語改為由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)【注意】(1)直接引語是陳述句時(shí)，若變?yōu)殚g接引語，主句謂語動(dòng)詞“saidtosb.”常改為toldsb.。(2)直接引語是疑問句時(shí)，如果主句中謂語動(dòng)詞是said，則將其改為asked。(3)疑問句的直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，要把疑問語序變成陳述語序。2．人稱的變化(記憶口訣)一隨主，二隨賓，第三人稱不更新。直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，人稱代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人立場(chǎng)的變化作相應(yīng)的改變。(1)“一隨主”。指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。Marysaid:“Iwanttohaveacomputerofmyown.”→Marysaidthatshewantedtohaveacomputerofherown.直接引語如何變間接引語？2．人稱的變化(2)“二隨賓”。指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人稱修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語一致。Hercolleaguesaidtoher，“Whodidyou

askforaleave？”→Hercolleagueaskedherwhoshehadaskedforaleave.2．人稱的變化(3)“第三人稱不更新”。指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱修飾，從句中的人稱一般不需要變化。Theworkerssaid,“Theleadersoftenmaketheworkersworkextrahours.”→Theworkerssaidthattheleadersoftenmadetheworkersworkextrahours.3．時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語變間接引語時(shí)句子的時(shí)態(tài)變化如下表：直接引語如何變間接引語？Hisfriendsaidtohim,“Weareplanningtohaveapicnic.”→Hisfriendtoldhimthattheywereplanningtohaveapicnic.

Theorganizerssaid,“Wehavebegunourplan.”(直接引語為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))→Theorganizerssaidthattheyhadbeguntheirplan.(間接引語為過去完成時(shí))【注意】直接引語是客觀真理、諺語或格言，變間接引語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)無變化。(直接引語為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))(間接引語為過去進(jìn)行時(shí))4．指示詞、狀語及動(dòng)詞的變化指示代詞：this變that；these變those直接引語如何變間接引語？4．指示詞、狀語及動(dòng)詞的變化5.當(dāng)祈使句作直接引語表示要求和命令時(shí)，變間接引語時(shí)常用ask/tell/ordersb.todosth.的形式?！癋ollowhisinstructions,”shesaidtome.→Shetoldmetofollowhisinstructions.直接引語如何變間接引語？6.若直接引語中祈使句是否定形式，變間接引語時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to前要加not或never。Shesaid,“Don’tmakesomuchnoise，children!”Shetoldthechildrennottomakesomuchnoise.7.當(dāng)直接引語為表示建議、提議的祈使句或表示請(qǐng)求、提議、勸告、建議的疑問句時(shí)，多采用“suggest＋doing/that從句(如suggest后接that從句時(shí)，從句使用虛擬語氣should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should也可省略)，offertodo和ask/advise/wantsb.＋todo”等結(jié)構(gòu)。Jacksaid,“Let’sgotothecinematonight.”→Jacksuggestedthatweshouldgotothecinemathatnight.→Jacksuggestedourgoingtothecinemathatnight.直接引語如何變間接引語？8．如果直接引語部分是感嘆句，改為間接引語時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可以用該感嘆句的感嘆詞(即what或how)引導(dǎo)，也可以用that引導(dǎo)。Shesaid，“Whatalovelydayitis！”→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.9．若直接引語中的一般疑問句是由表示委婉語氣的would，could等構(gòu)成的疑問句，轉(zhuǎn)換為間接引語時(shí)句子的謂語動(dòng)詞常用asked?！癈anyoulendmetwoyuan？”heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIcouldlendhimtwoyuan.直接引語如何變間接引語？活學(xué)活用將直接引語變換為間接引語1.Thepatientasked,“IsDr.Liatthehospital?”→Thepatientasked___________Dr.Liwasatthehospital.2.“Wholostthekeytotheroom?”askedMissGreen.→MissGreenasked_______hadlostthekeytotheroom.whowhether/if將直接引語變換為間接引語3.Johnsaid,“TomorrowI’mgoingtoattendthisparty.”→Johnsaid(that)thenextday________________attendthisparty.4.Shesaid,“IworkedinShanghaithreeyearsago.”→Shesaid(that)________________________threeyearsbefore.shehadworkedinShanghaihewasgoingto將直接引語變換為間接引語5.Mymothersaid,“Thedoorisn’tlocked.”→Mymothersaidthatthedoor_____________．6.Thepatientsaid,“Thedoctorshavediscussedthemysteriousdisease.”→Thepatientsaid(that)thedoctors______________themysteriousdisease.7.Tomsaid,“Iamreadinginmyroom.”→Tomsaidthathe____________inhisroom.haddiscussedwasn’tlockedwasreading

將直接引語變換為間接引語8.Shecried,“Whatacrazyideayouhave!”→Shecried_____acrazyideaIhad.9.Iaskedmyroommate,“Wouldyoumindturningthemusicdown?”→Iaskedmyroommate_______themusicdown.toturnwhat單句語法填空