新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)lesson11-(第一課時(shí))

我們有瓶?jī)r(jià)值連城的酒，是1961年的法國(guó)酒。這瓶酒被放置在我家廳房，已經(jīng)很久了。它是我爺爺多年前買(mǎi)來(lái)的。近來(lái)卻被一位客人喝光了。他渴了后居然把這瓶昂貴的酒當(dāng)作飲料喝了。我爸爸震驚了?，F(xiàn)在我爸爸把空瓶子收著，不許我們碰它。新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)WOMENKAIXUELAPractice&Progress實(shí)踐與進(jìn)步01WOMENKAIXUELA課文講解01同步練習(xí)02閱讀寫(xiě)作03生詞和短語(yǔ)04語(yǔ)法講解05目錄新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)WOMENKAIXUELAlesson11OnegoodturndeservesanotherNewwords單詞必須記★turn /t?:n/ n.?為，舉?★deserve /d?'z?:v/ v.應(yīng)得到，值得★lawyer /'l?:j?(r)/ n.律師★bank /b??k/ n.銀?★salary /'s?l?r?/ n.?資★immediately /??mi:di?tli/ adv.?刻n.行為，舉止

Onegoodturndeservesanother.

有好心應(yīng)當(dāng)有好報(bào)。（善有善報(bào)）v.轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，旋轉(zhuǎn)

Thehourhandoftheclockturns

veryslowly.

轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)

Turnleft.

轉(zhuǎn)彎④Themilkturnedsourintheheat.

變得（系動(dòng)詞）⑤Thewitchturnedtheprinceintoafrog.

把……變成……

★turn/t?:n/ n.?為，舉?turnon/off打開(kāi)/關(guān)掉（電器）turnup調(diào)高；出現(xiàn)turndown調(diào)低；inturn輪流★turn/t?:n/ n.?為，舉?turnleft/right/backturnover翻身

擴(kuò)展turnround轉(zhuǎn)身turnsbdown讓某?失望turnsthdown拒絕某事byturns輪流地taketurns依次turnagainst背叛!turnto變成（into），求助于，借助于doagood/badturnforsb.對(duì)某人做了有利/不利的事

①Wouldyouplease________thelight？麻煩開(kāi)下燈好嗎？②________thecomputerbeforeyouleave.離開(kāi)之前把電腦關(guān)上。③Please________theradio.Ican’thearitclearly.

請(qǐng)大點(diǎn)聲！我聽(tīng)不太清楚。④It’ssonoisy.Please________theradio.太吵了，拜托收音機(jī)調(diào)低點(diǎn)聲。⑤Wetakecareofher________.我們輪流照看她。turnonTurnoffturnupturndowninturn①deserve+n.應(yīng)該得到…值得，應(yīng)得（獎(jiǎng)賞、懲罰等）Hedeservespraise.他應(yīng)該得到表?yè)P(yáng)!Goodworkdeservesgoodpay.多勞多得!②deservetodosth.應(yīng)該……Shedeservedtobepunished.

③deservedoing=deservetobedone值得做……Thisbookdeservesreading.=Thisbookdeservestoberead.

beworthdoing值得的（褒義）Thebookisworthreading.這本書(shū)值得?讀。You

deserve

it

.

你應(yīng)得的。/

活該。

I

don‘t

deserve

you/that.

我配不上你。/不敢當(dāng)。

★deserve

/d?'z?:v/ v.應(yīng)得到，值得lawn.法律犯法break

the

lawsisterinlaw擴(kuò)展詞：court法院

judge法官prison監(jiān)牢inspector檢查員

★lawyer /'l?:j?(r)/ n.律師v.去銀?存款

I'mgoingtobanksomemoney.robthebank:搶銀?abloodbank?庫(kù)。asavingbank儲(chǔ)蓄銀?assafeasthebank?分安全。四大行

bankofdepositAgriculturalBankofChina(ABC)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀?BankofChina(BC)中國(guó)銀?ConstructionBankofChina(CBC)中國(guó)建設(shè)銀?IndustrialandCommercialBankofChina(ICBC)中國(guó)?商銀?bankern.銀?家Theriverhastwobanks.

bank /b??k/ n.銀?n.河岸John得到一萬(wàn)美金的薪水。Johngetsasalaryof10,000dollars.周薪：wages

收入總稱：income★salary

/'s?l?r?/ n.?資salaryn.薪金，薪水(月薪,年薪，通常指職員、腦力勞動(dòng)者（如律師、教師、醫(yī)生等）有固定工作或管理階層的收入，數(shù)額比較固定，一般按月支付)Mysalaryispaidonthe28thofthemonth.wagen.工資，工錢(qián)(按小時(shí),周計(jì)算的，通常指技工或一般體力勞動(dòng)者，不穩(wěn)定的工作人的收入，按周或天支付。一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式wages)?！飐alaryn.?資salary“年薪”或“?薪”asalaryman領(lǐng)薪族(＝asalariedman)。

basicsalary基本?資ahighsalary?薪apoorsalary低薪領(lǐng)?資：collect/pickup

salary/wagespayback

[1]償還，還錢(qián)給（某?）；Willyoulendme$10?Iwillpayyoubacknextmonth.[2]回報(bào)HowcanIpayyoubackforallyourkindness?我該怎樣報(bào)答你的好意呢？payv.&n.作及物動(dòng)詞,意為“付，交，償還.償付”，含有“付貨款，付報(bào)酬?”和?還債”等意思。常用于下列幾種句型：①payback 償還/還錢(qián)給(某人)/回報(bào)Heneverpaysthemoenyback

tome.②paysb.

作“付款給某人”。Youhaven'tpaidthetailoryet.你還沒(méi)付錢(qián)給栽縫。③pay+錢(qián)+forsth.作“為……而花多少錢(qián)”Ihavetopay300yuanforthesewingmadiine.我得花300元買(mǎi)這臺(tái)健紉機(jī)。④payoff還清(債debt,貸款loan)/得到好結(jié)果Ineedtopayofftheloaneverymonth.⑤payforsth.

為某物付款Theoldmanrefusedtopayforthehotel.這個(gè)老人拒絕為酒店住宿付錢(qián)。neverpaysitback從不歸還[翻譯]Mary剛才把錢(qián)還了。[翻譯]這個(gè)男人總是拒絕還貸（loan）。[翻譯]我的爸爸花了15塊錢(qián)買(mǎi)了那把玩具刀。

[翻譯]這個(gè)老婦拒絕為她的晚餐付錢(qián)。[翻譯]這個(gè)計(jì)劃立刻有了回報(bào)。immediately=atonce=instantly=rightawayItoldhimimmediatelyhecame.他?來(lái)我就告訴他了。Immediately

afterthis.隨即/緊隨這之后immediateadj.?刻的，很快的，迫切的

Doyouknowtheirimmediateneeds？animmediateanswer?即答復(fù)takeimmediateaction?即采取?動(dòng)animmediatecause直接原因★immediately /??mi:di?tli/ adv.?刻課文泛讀031.WhereisTonyworking?2.WhatdoesTonyoftendo？IwashavingdinneratarestaurantwhenTonySteelecamein.Tonyworkedinalawyer’sofficeyearsago,butheisnowworkingatabank.Hegetsagoodsalary,buthealwaysborrowsmoneyfromhisfriendsandneverpaysitback.Tonysawmeandcameandsatatthesametable.Hehasneverborrowedmoneyfromme.Whilehewaseating,Iaskedhimtolendmetwentypounds.Tomysurprise,hegavemethemoneyimmediately.‘Ihaveneverborrowedanymoneyfromyou,’Tonysaid,‘sonowyoucanpayformydinner!’

好行為值得，應(yīng)得向某人借……借給某人……進(jìn)來(lái)一家律師事務(wù)所有一份好薪水從不歸還坐在同張桌子邊為..付錢(qián)另我驚奇的是goodturndeservetodoshtborrowsth.fromsb.lendsb.sth.comeinalawyer’sofficegetagoodsalaryneverpaybacksitatthesametablepayforTomysurprise詞匯和短語(yǔ)dosb.agoodturn幫了某人的忙 yourturn輪到你/該您了dosb.abadturn幫了某人的倒忙 alawyer’soffice

律師事務(wù)所turnon打開(kāi)(從有到無(wú)) BankofChina中國(guó)銀行turnoff關(guān)掉

getsagood/highsalary

薪水很高turnup開(kāi)大(音量煤氣等) getsapoor/lowsalary她薪水很低turndown調(diào)低/調(diào)小 wages工資/工錢(qián)turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身/轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身

pay(paid,paid)back償還/還錢(qián)給(某人)/回報(bào)turnback折回/翻回/返回

payoff還清(債debt,貸款loan)/得到好結(jié)果turnleft/right pay錢(qián)forsth.花多少錢(qián)買(mǎi)某物makeaturn(車)調(diào)頭

payforsth.為某物付款inturn(byturns)輪流/依次

thesame相同的turninto(changeinto)變成

attable(在吃飯/在用餐) atthetable(在桌旁) toone’ssurprise讓某人驚訝的是

課文精講031.Onegoodturndeservesanother.禮尚往來(lái)①dosb.agoodturn幫了某人的忙

Youreallydidmeagoodturn.Thankyousomuch.②dosb.abadturn幫了某人的倒忙

Johntriedtohelpme.However,hedidmeabadturn.【turn常用短語(yǔ)】turnon打開(kāi)(從有到無(wú)),turnoff關(guān)掉, turnup開(kāi)大(音量煤氣等),turndown調(diào)低/調(diào)小,turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身/轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身, turnback折回/翻回/返回,turnleft/right,makeaturn(車)調(diào)頭,inturn(byturns)輪流/依次, turninto(changeinto)變成, yourturn輪到你/該您了Caterpillarsturnintobutterflies.毛毛蟲(chóng)變成蝴蝶。[翻譯]Mike幫了我的忙。[翻譯]今天早上Amy幫了我的倒忙。[翻譯]她最后折回了家中。

[翻譯]請(qǐng)翻回第八頁(yè)。[翻譯]我們經(jīng)常輪流吃飯。2.I

washavingdinneratarestaurantwhenTonySteelecamein.【問(wèn)題1】此句用了什么時(shí)態(tài)？【問(wèn)題2】when是什么意思？Iwashaving...when...為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，when意為“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。此處when引導(dǎo)的是瞬間的動(dòng)作，所以不能用

while或as。這句話還可以改為：

When/While/AsIwashavingdinneratarestaurant,TonySteelecamein.[翻譯]當(dāng)Tim離開(kāi)的時(shí)候，我在修理一架古鋼琴。3.Tonyworkedinalawyer’sofficeyearsago,butheisnowworkingatabank.①alawyer’soffice

律師事務(wù)所Mybrotherworksinalawyer’soffice.我兄弟在一家律師事務(wù)所工作。②now的位置比較靈活，前中后都可以放。Now

theyareplayingcardsathome.

現(xiàn)在他們正在家里打牌。③bank

銀行WhereisthenearestBankofChina?最近的中國(guó)銀行在哪里?[翻譯]我父親現(xiàn)在在一家律師事務(wù)所工作。[翻譯]現(xiàn)在你們?cè)谀睦?？我們?cè)谥袊?guó)銀行。4.Hegetsagoodsalary,buthealwaysborrowsmoneyfromhisfriendsandneverpaysitback.salary與wage區(qū)別①salary可譯為“薪金”、“薪水”，通常指職員、腦力勞動(dòng)者（如律師、教師、醫(yī)生等）的收入，數(shù)額比較固定，一般按月支付。例如:Helengetshersalaryonthe8theverymonth.海倫每個(gè)月8號(hào)領(lǐng)工資。Hegetsagood/highsalary.他薪水很高。Shegetsapoor/lowsalary.她薪水很低。②wage可譯為“工資”、“工錢(qián)”，通常指技工或一般體力勞動(dòng)者的收入，按小時(shí)、天或周支付。wage一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式wages。例如:WhenIworkedas(作為)awaiter,thewageswerelow,butthetips(小費(fèi))weregood.我當(dāng)服務(wù)員時(shí)工資不高，但小費(fèi)可觀?！净仡櫋縝orrowvs.lend的用法和區(qū)別[翻譯]他的工資很低。[翻譯]他的薪水很高。borrowfrom從……借來(lái)Heborrowedsomemoneyfromthebank.lendto把……借給lend-lent-lentThenhelentthemoneytohissister.borrowandlend

練一練：Canyou________meyourphone？Iwantto________somemoneyfromyou.5.Tonysawmeandcameandsatatthesametable.①thesame相同的(考點(diǎn):same前面必須加the)【短語(yǔ)】thesameas

和......一樣；thesame+名詞+as和......一樣的......Yourmarkisthesameas

mine.你的分?jǐn)?shù)和我的一樣。Yourhatlooksthesameas

Mary’s.你的帽子看起來(lái)和瑪麗的一樣。He

wearsthesameshoesas

you.他穿著和你一樣的鞋子。②attable(在吃飯/在用餐)vs.atthetable(在桌旁)→Thewholefamilyareattable.全家人在吃飯?！鶷hewholefamilyaresittingatthetableandhavingameal.全家人坐在桌子旁吃飯。[翻譯]Mary的古鋼琴和你的一樣。 [翻譯]這個(gè)男人穿著和你一樣的衣服。[翻譯]這蛋糕嘗起來(lái)和巧克力的味道一樣。

[翻譯]那些警察們?cè)诔燥垺翻譯]坐在桌子旁的那個(gè)女孩是我的朋友。6.While

hewaseating,I

askedhimtolendmetwentypounds.①【回顧】while的用法

②asksb.todosth.要求某人做某事(非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞todo相對(duì)于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞ask有‘未來(lái)的味道’,發(fā)生在ask之后)Theyoungpolicemanasked

thethief

to

sitatthetable.★這里的todosth.是不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

如：want/teach/advisesb.todosth.Mymotherwantsmetocleantheroom.Sheteachesustofollowtherules.Tomadviseshertohaveagoodrest.7.Tomysurprise,hegavemethemoneyimmediately(立刻/馬上,方式狀語(yǔ)).

①【回顧】toone’ssurprise+句子toone’ssurprise令某?驚訝的是toone’sjoy令某??興的是toone’ssorrow令某?傷?的是toone’sdisappointment令某?失望的是②givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.給某人某物[翻譯]Ina要求我買(mǎi)一個(gè)小禮物給她。[翻譯]當(dāng)他在吃飯的時(shí)候，有人敲了門(mén)。[翻譯]她給了我一杯啤酒和一塊奶酪。[翻譯]讓他們驚訝的是，包裹里面全是石頭和沙子。知識(shí)03時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)Grammar說(shuō)一說(shuō)這些句子都用了什么時(shí)態(tài)？Iwashavingdinneratarestaurant...Tonyworkedinalawyer'sofficeyearsago...Heisnowworkingatabank.ShehasbeeninParisfor20years.Weoftentalkwitheachotherafterschool.

Iwashavingdinneratarestaurant...Tonyworkedinalawyer'sofficeyearsago...Heisnowworkingatabank.ShehasbeeninParisfor20years.Weoftentalkwitheachotherafterschool.

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)填空Thesecretarywho_________(have)beautifuleyes_________(win)aprizeinyesterday’ssingingcontest.2.Thegirl_____________(do)somesewingwhilehermother__________(get)thesupperready.3.–Whydoyoulooksotired?–I_______________(work)onthefileforawholenight.4.Look!Somanycars_______________(hold)upontheoverpass.5.Atlastthey__________(have)thefireundercontrol,butthecauseofthefire_______________________(notdiscover)yet.

has

wonwasdoingwasgettinghaveworkedareholdinghadhasn'tbeendiscovered1.找到關(guān)鍵詞！（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）

2.判斷時(shí)態(tài)！【一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)】用法

經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作

現(xiàn)在的特征或狀態(tài)

普遍真理，一般規(guī)律

構(gòu)成

GrammarIswimeveryday.Heisateacher.Theearthgoesaroundthesun.1.主語(yǔ)+be+其他2.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形/單三+其他Grammar請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列句子的否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句及回答：

否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯定回答：否定回答：

Heisateacher.Heisnotateacher.Isheateacher?Yes,heis.No,heisn’t.Grammar請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列句子的否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句及回答：

否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯定回答：否定回答：

Iswimeveryday.Idon’tswimeveryday.Doyouswimeveryday？Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.Grammar請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列句子的否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句及回答：

否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯定回答：否定回答：

Heswimseveryday.Hedoesn’tswimeveryday.Doesheswimeveryday？Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.Grammar【一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)】

時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞

always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，nevereveryday/week/month/year，onSundays...Grammar【一般過(guò)去時(shí)】用法

過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作

或存在的狀態(tài)

TimwasinItalylastyear.TheywatchedTVlastnight.

構(gòu)成

1.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他2.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其他Grammar請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列句子的否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句及回答：

否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯定回答：否定回答：

TimwasinItalylastyear.Timwasn’tinItalylastyear.WasTiminItalylastyear？Yes,hewas.No,hewasn’t.Grammar請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列句子的否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句及回答：

否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯定回答：否定回答：

TheywatchedTVlastnight.Theydidn’twatchTVlastnight.DidtheywatchTVlastnight？Yes,theydid.No,theydidn’t.Grammar【一般過(guò)去時(shí)】

時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞

yesterday，threemonthsago，lastyear，in1997，onceuponatime，longago，then...Grammar【現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)】用法

現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作

或存在的狀態(tài)

Jimisreadingabooknow.構(gòu)成

主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+doing+其他Grammar請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列句子的否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句及回答：

否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯定回答：否定回答：

Jimisreadingabooknow.Jimisn’treadingabooknow.IsJimreadingabooknow？Yes,heis.No,heisn’t.Grammar【現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)】

時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞

now，atthemoment，Look!Listen!thesedays，thismonth，thisterm...Grammar【過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)】用法

過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某個(gè)時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)

Jerrywashavinglunchatthatmoment.構(gòu)成

主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing+其他Grammar請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列句子的否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句及回答：

否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯定回答：否定回答：

Jerrywashavinglunchatthatmoment.Jerrywasn’thavinglunchatthatmoment.WasJerryhavinglunchatthatmoment？Yes,hewas.No,hewasn’t.Grammar【過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)】

時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞

atthattime，atthatmoment，atthistimeyesterday，at8o’clocklastnight，或與when，while，as引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用...【現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)】用法

過(guò)去發(fā)生且對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響的動(dòng)作過(guò)去發(fā)生持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作

Shehas

already

finishedherhomework.構(gòu)成

Grammar主語(yǔ)+have/hasdone+其他Grammar請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下列句子的否定句和一般疑問(wèn)句及回答：

否定句：一般疑問(wèn)句：肯定回答：否定回答：

Shehasalreadyfinishedherhomework.Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.Hasshefinishedherhomeworkyet？Yes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.Grammar【現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)】

時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞

already，yet，just，ever，never，before，sofar，uptonow，thesedays，recentlyfor+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)...Practice：Choosetherightanswer1.Listen!She_____intheclassroom.A.issingingB.singsC.sangD.sing2.—Dotheyhaveanewcar？—Yes,_____.A.theyareB.theyhaveC.theydon’tD.theydo3.—He_____todrawhorsesalready.—When_____helearn？—Lastyear.A.learned；hasB.learned；did

C.haslearned；hasD.haslearned；did4.You_____mewaitingfortwohours.I_____foryousincefive.A.kept；waitedB.havekept；waited

C.kept；havewaitedD.havekept；havewaited【Keystructures】

復(fù)習(xí)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)（6大時(shí)態(tài)回顧）P53

TheTajMahal______(build)intheseventeenthcenturyfortheemperorShahJehan.Afewyearsafterhe______(become)ruler,hiswife,Mumtaz-i-Mahal,______(die).TheTajMahal______(build)inherhonour.Experts______(call)infrommanypartsoftheworldtoconstructthedomesandtodecoratethewalls.TheTajMahalwhich______(begin)in1632and______(complete)in1654______(cost)afortune.Uptothepresentday,it______(visit)bymillionsofpeople.getsgothavenothadwaswritingweretalkingamtypingwaspassingwasbuiltbecamediedwasbuiltwerecalledwasbegunwascompleted/completedcosthasbeenvisited語(yǔ)態(tài)GrammarGrammar下列句子中，誰(shuí)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，誰(shuí)是承受者？【主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)】Marycleantheflooreveryday.【被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)】TheflooriscleanedbyMaryeveryday.Marycleantheflooreveryday.TheflooriscleanedbyMaryeveryday.執(zhí)行者執(zhí)行者承受者承受者Grammar不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/are+done一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was/were+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am/is/arebeing+done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：have/hasbeen+donePractice：Completethesentences將下列句子轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。1.Tommygavehersisteranewdresslastweek.Anewdress____________byTommylastweek.2.Theyhaveplantedmanytreesbynow.Manytrees__________________bythembynow.3.Theyarecleaningthelivingroomnow.Thelivingroom__________________bythemnow.4.Theteacherholdsameetingeveryweek.Ameeting____________bytheteachereveryweek.washavebeenplantedisbeingcleanedisheldgiven被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)共有兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。Heopenedthedoor.（主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）他打開(kāi)了這扇門(mén)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。Thedoorwasopenedbyhim.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))這扇門(mén)被他打開(kāi)了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。漢語(yǔ)往往用"被"、"受"、"給"等被動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。定義1.不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)ItwasmadeinGermanyin1681.Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.2.如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，可以用“by+行為主體”的結(jié)構(gòu)Theinstrumentwasboughtbymygrandfathermanyyearsago.Recentlyitwasdamagedbyavisitor.

歌訣：誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道，說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)必要，動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)運(yùn)用到。何時(shí)be+過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過(guò)去分詞部分不變。疑問(wèn)式和否定式的變化也如此。句子中如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by來(lái)引出。結(jié)構(gòu)be+過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化只改變be的形式，過(guò)去分詞部分不變。時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+doneItiscalledanapple.一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+doneThisbikewasboughtlastmonth.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+beingdoneItisbeingrepairedthesedays.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were+beingdoneHewasbeingpunishedwhenIcamein.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+beendoneTheworkhasbeenfinished.過(guò)去完成時(shí)had+beendoneTheworkhadbeenfinishedbytheendofyesterday.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall+be

doneTheworkwillbefinishedtomorrow.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)would/should+be

doneHesaidthattheworkwouldbefinishednextweek.Myroomiscleaned(byme)everyday.房間每天被（我）打掃。1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：

Icleanmyroomeveryday.

我每天打掃房間。主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞PeopleinAustraliaspeakEnglish.Englishisspoken﹙bypeople﹚inAustralia.Practice:

Shewashedherclothesyesterday.她昨天洗了她的衣服。2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)：主語(yǔ)+was/were+過(guò)去分詞Herclotheswerewashed(byher)yesterday.她的衣服昨天被(她)洗了。Mr.Henryheardastrangenoiselastnight.Astrangenoisewasheardlastnight(byMr.Henry).Practice:3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：Youcanpasstheexamifyoustudyhard.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，你就能通過(guò)考試。Theexamcanbepassed(byyou)ifyoustudyhard.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，考試就能被（你）通過(guò)。主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞Peoplemaycatchfishintheriver.Fishmaybecaughtintheriver(bypeople).Practice:4.一般將來(lái)時(shí)：主語(yǔ)+willbe+過(guò)去分詞Wewillhaveapartytomorrow.我們明天將舉行一個(gè)聚會(huì)。Apartywillbehadtomorrow(byus).一個(gè)聚會(huì)明天將被（我們）舉行。Mymotherwillmeetmeattheschoolgateafterclass.Iwillbemetattheschoolgateafterclass(bymymother).Practice:5.過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：Wewouldhaveapartytomorrow.我們明天將舉行一個(gè)聚會(huì)。Apartywouldbehadtomorrow(byus).一個(gè)聚會(huì)明天將被（我們）舉行。主語(yǔ)+would/shouldbe+過(guò)去分詞Myfatherwouldmeetmeattheschoolgateafterclass.Iwouldbemetattheschoolgateafterclass(bymyfather).Practice:Theyarebuildingtheplaygroundnow.

他們正在建操場(chǎng)。主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+being+過(guò)去分詞

6.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):Theplaygroundisbeingbuiltnow(bythem).操場(chǎng)正被(他們)修建。Thestudentsareplantingmanytrees.ManyTreesarebeingplanted(bythestudents).Practice:Iwasdoingmyhomeworkinthereadingroom.我正在做作業(yè).主語(yǔ)+was/were+being+過(guò)去分詞

6.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí):Myhomeworkwasbeingdone(byme)inthereading.Thestudentswereplantingmanytrees.ManyTreeswerebeingplanted(bythestudents).Practice:7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：主語(yǔ)+have/has

been+過(guò)去分詞Hehaseverreadthebookthreetimes.

他曾讀過(guò)這本書(shū)三遍。Thebookhaseverbeenreadthreetimes(byhim).

這本書(shū)曾被（他）讀過(guò)三遍。Theyhavekeptthepicturesfor2weeks.Thepictureshavebeenkeptfor2weeks(bythem).Practice:8.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：主語(yǔ)+had

been+過(guò)去分詞Ihadreadthisbooktwice.

我已經(jīng)看過(guò)這本書(shū)兩次了.