不定式做賓語補足語及練習

-.z.不定式作賓語補足語的類型動詞不定式既有動詞的性質(zhì)，又有名詞的性質(zhì)。它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能獨立作謂語。動詞不定式在句子中可以作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語、表語、同位語等：動詞不定式在句子中可以用作賓語補足語，常用的“動詞+賓語+不定式〞的句子構(gòu)造中。不定式作賓語補足語的有以下八種類型：(以下句子中劃線局部作賓語補足語)一、許多動詞可跟一個賓語+todo…構(gòu)成句子，句中的不定式作賓語補足語；否認形式為“動詞+賓語+nottodo…〞。例如：dosb/sthtodosthMybosstoldmetotypeouttwoletters.分析：句中“Myboss〞做主語，“told〞作謂語，“me〞作賓語，劃線局部作賓語補足語。請看下面的句子。Theyforbadehertoleavethecountry.Pleaseremindmenottobelateforthemeeting.高中圍，適用于“動詞+賓語+(not)todo…〞的構(gòu)造，不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，direct，encourage，e*pect，forbid，force，invite，order，permit，persuade，remind，request，require，teach，tell，want，warn等。二、有些動詞可跟“賓語+tobe…〞構(gòu)成句子，句中的不定式作賓語補足語。例如：Iconsiderhimtobethebestcandidate.分析：句中“I〞做主語，“consider〞作謂語，“him〞作賓語，劃線局部作賓語補足語。請看下面的句子。Iknowhimtobealiar.Isupposehimtobeawayfromhome.高中圍，適用于“動詞+賓語+tobe…〞的構(gòu)造，不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：consider，declare，discover，feel，find，suppose等。三、有些動詞(感官動詞和使動詞)后可跟不帶to的不定式構(gòu)成句子，句中的不定式作賓語補足語。例如：Hesawherentertheroom.分析：句中“He〞做主語，“saw〞作謂語，“her〞作賓語，劃線局部作賓語補足語。請看下面的句子。Shewon'tletmedoit.Iheardherlockthedoor.Wewatchedthechildrenplaygames.高中圍，適用于“動詞+賓語+do…〞的構(gòu)造，不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：feel，have，hear，let，make，notice，observe，see，watch等。還有兩個詞組：listento，lookat.注意:這類句子變?yōu)楸粍訕?gòu)造時，不定式前加to。請看以下句子，句中劃線局部作賓語補足語。例如：Achildwasseentoenterthebuilding.Shewasoftenhe3②在使役動詞后作賓語補足語，不定式不帶to。有些動詞跟不定式作賓語補足語時省去了to，這些動詞有：一感二聽三讓四觀看。一感：feel二聽：hear,listento三讓：let,have,make四觀看：observe,see,watch,lookat這類動詞有：make,let,have等。轉(zhuǎn)為被動語態(tài)時，其后通常都用帶to的不定式(have沒有被動語態(tài))。Whatwouldyouhavemedo"你要我做什么.Shemadehimgiveupsmoking.她讓他戒了煙。Lethimdowhateverhewishestodo.他想干什么就讓他干吧。ardtosingthissong.四、help后的不定式可加to，也可不加to(美國人不加to時較多)，但被動構(gòu)造中要加to。例如：I'llhelpyou(to)pushthecart.分析：句中“I〞做主語，“willhelp〞作謂語，“you〞作賓語，劃線局部作賓語補足語。上句的被動語態(tài)為：You'llbehelpedtopushthecart.五、有些“動詞+介詞〞的構(gòu)造后也可跟不定式構(gòu)成句子，句中的不定式作賓語補足語。例如：Heshoutedtometoeover.分析：句中“He〞做主語，“shouted〞作謂語，“to〞為介詞，“me〞作賓語，劃線局部作賓語補足語。請看以下句子，句子的構(gòu)造為“動詞+介詞+賓語+todo…〞，劃線局部為不定式，作賓語補足語。請看下面的句子。Idependonyoutodoit.Iamcountingonyoutohelpmethrough.高中圍，適用于“動詞+介詞+賓語+todo…〞的構(gòu)造，不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：shouttosb.todo，callonsb.todo，countonsb.todo，dependonsb.todo，waitforsb.todo等。六、作賓語補足語的不定式，表示的動作在謂語所表示情況之前發(fā)生，就需要用完成形式：HewasknowntohaveworkedfortheInternationalOlympicmittee.分析：句中“He〞做主語，“wasknown〞作謂語，使用了被動語態(tài)。由句意可知，“為國際奧委會工作〞發(fā)生在前，“大家知道〞發(fā)生在后。故不定式局部用完成形式，在句中作賓語補足語。請看下面的句子。Theyarebelievedtohavediscussedtheproblem.七、作賓語補足語的不定式，表示一個正在進展的動作時需用進展形式：HeisbelievedtobelivinginMe*ico.分析：句中“He〞做主語，“isbelieved〞作謂語，使用了被動語態(tài)。由于句子表達主語現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況，故用不定式的進展形式，句中劃線局部作賓語補足語。請看以下句子。Thousandswerereportedtobeworkinginconcentrationcamps.Heisthoughttobehidinginthewoods.間或不定式作賓語補足語也可用于完成進展時。例如：Sheissaidtohavebeendoingthisworkfortwentyyears.八、不定式作賓語補足語的被動形式：hedidn'twanthersontobetakenaway.分析：句中“She〞做主語，“didn'twant〞作謂語，“herson〞作賓語，由于“herson〞與“takeaway〞之間為被動關(guān)系，故用被動形式，句中劃線局部作賓語補足語。請看以下句子。I'dlikethisroomtoberedecorated.Hedidn'twishthesubjecttobementionedintheletter.■練習：1.Theyknewherverywell.Theyhadseenher___upfromchildhood.(1988全國)A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow2.Theteacheraskedus___somuchnoise.(2003)A.don'tmakeB.notmake

C.notmaking

D.nottomake3.Myadvisorencouraged___asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.(2004)A.formetaking

B.metaking

C.formetotake

D.metotake4.Thefluisbelieved___byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.(2004)A.causing

B.beingcaused

C.tobecaused

D.tohavecaused5.-IsBobstillperforming.-I'mafraidnot.Heissaid___thestagealreadyashehasbeeanofficial.(2005)A.tohaveleft

B.toleave

C.tohavebeenleft

D.tobeleft6.Themotherfeltherself___coldandherhandstrembledasshereadtheletterfromthebattlefield.(2006)A.grow

B.grown

C.togrow

D.tohavegrown7.Energydrinksarenotallowed___inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.(2006)A.tomake

B.tobemade

C.tohavebeenmade

D.tobemaking答案：1.A

2.D

3.D

4.C

5.A

6.A

7.B

〔編輯：露〕52.----There’saholeinyourbag.----Iknow,I’3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.A.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cry4.Theywouldnotallowhim_____acrosstheenemyline.A.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoC.forrisktogoD.riskgoing5.Ifoundthedoor_____whenIgothome.’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise____.8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled9.Iadvised_____atonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartC.tostartingD.tostart10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill____.A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeating11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_____yourbadtooth.A.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingout12.Hemanagedtomakehimselfwithhis____English.A.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenB.C.understood;breakingD.understood;broken13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound______.14.Theyaregoingtohavetheserviceman____anelectricfanintheofficetomorrow.615.Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute______.A.beingsettledB.tobesettledC.hadsettledD.assettled16.Youwillseethisproduct____whereveryougo.A.tobeadvertisedB.advertisedC.advertiseD.advertising17.Hisremarksleftme_____abouthisrealpurpose.18.WhenIcaughthim______meIstoppedbuyingthingsthereandstarteddealingwithanothershop.A.cheatingB.cheatC.tocheatD.tobecheating19.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister____,todayhewasmade____byhislittlesister.

22.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim___________.23.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad_______wentwrongagain.24.Withalotofdifficultproblems_____,thenewly—electedpresidentishavingahardtime.25.Withtrees,flowersandgrass_____everywhere,mynativetownhadtakenonanewlook.A.plantingB.plantedC.toplantD.tobeplanted26.Shewasgladtoseeherchildwell_____careof.727.Theresultoftheentrancee*amswasnotmade_____tothepublicuntillastThursday.A.knowingB.knownC.toknowD.tobeknown28.Icanmakeyou_____whatIsay,butyoucan’tmakeyourself____inEnglish.A.understand;understandB.understand,understoodCtounderstand,understandD.understand;tobeunderstood29.Hefoundthem____atatable_____.A.sat;toplaychessB.sitting;toplaychessC.seated;playingchessD.seat;playthechess30.Johnrushedoutinahurry,___thedoor_____.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left;unlockedD.toleave;unlocking31.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.A.settledB.settlingC.besettledD.havingbeensettled32.Icouldfeelthewind___onmyfacefromanopenwindow.A.toblowB.blowingC.tobeblowingD.blown33.____productionupby60%,thepanyhashadanothere*cellentyear.34.____everything____,sheleftthesupermarketwithsatisfaction.A.As,buyingB.For,tobuyC.With,boughtD.Because,tobuy35.Don’tleavethewater____whileyoubrushyourteeth.(**2004)A.run36.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman___hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.put37.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents_______.(2004)A.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry38.Theteacheraskedus_____somuchnoise.(2003)A.don’tmakeD.nottomake39.Anarmyspokesmanstressedthatallthesoldiershadbeenordered____clear8warningsbeforefiringanyshots.(2003)A.toissueB.beingissuedC.tohaveissuedD.tobeissued40.－Goodmorning.CanIhelpyou"－I'dliketohavethispackage__,Madame.42.Johnwasmade__thetruckforaweekaspunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing43.Themissingboyswerelastseen__neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay44.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade__.Healwaysworkshard.45.Seeingthesun__abovethesurfaceofthesea,weletoutashoutofjoy.A.toriseB.toraiseC.risingD.raising46.Iwasdisappointedtofindhissuggestions__.AbeenturneddownB.turneddownC.tobeturneddownD.toturndown47.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.’tmakeherself_______.49.Ifyougoto*i’an,you’50.It’ssocoldtoday,wemustkeepthefire________.51.Themotherwasasked________letherchildren________TVeveryevening;A.notto;watchB.notto;towatchC.not;watchD.not;watching52.Theydidn’tobserveher_______inandgoupstairs.53.How