計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)課件E1-Unit 07

ContentsPart1ReadingandTranslatingSectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsSectionB:Ethernet(802.3)Part2SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)Part3ListeningandSpeakingDialogue:SettingupWirelessNetworkListeningComprehension：IPv6Dictation:Router1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsWordsdiscrete[di?skri:t]adj.離散的，不連續(xù)的route[ru:t]v.按某路線發(fā)送，給…規(guī)定路線[次序，程序]travel[?tr?vl]v.傳送，移動(dòng)，旅行intact[in't?kt]adj.完整無(wú)缺的，未經(jīng)觸動(dòng)的，未受損傷的encrypt[in'kript]v.加密，將…譯成密碼scheme[ski:m]n.方案，計(jì)劃，設(shè)計(jì)圖session[?se?n]n.會(huì)話，會(huì)議Wordschecksum[?t?eks?m]n.校驗(yàn)和，檢查和scramble['skr?mbl]v.把…攪亂，使混雜packet[?p?kit]n.包，束，分組，小包link[li?k]n.鏈路，鏈接，關(guān)聯(lián)，關(guān)系Ethernet['i:θ?net]n.以太網(wǎng)，以太accordingly[??k?:di?li]adv.相應(yīng)地，因此，依據(jù)encode[in'k?ud]v.（將文字材料）譯成密碼，編碼identify[ai'dentifai]v.辨認(rèn)，識(shí)別，認(rèn)出，確定1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsPhrasesreferencemodel參考模型serveas充當(dāng)，擔(dān)任，為tokenring令牌環(huán)1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsExercisesI．Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.___1.It'snotnecessaryforamessagetobedividedintodiscretepackagesofdatawhentravellingoveranetwork.___2.Eachdatapackagemusttakethesamepathoverthenetworkwhiletravelingfromthesendingcomputertothereceivingcomputer.___3.Thetransportlayermakessurethatdataarrivescorrectlyandinpropersequence.___4.Amodified5-layermodelincludesthephysical,datalink,network,transport,andsessionlayers.___5.Thenetworklayersplitsthedatasegmentsfromthetransportlayerintosmallergroupsofbitscalledrouters.1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsII．Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1.Whichofthefollowingservesastheinterfacebetweentheuserandthenetwork?A.Theapplicationlayer B.ThetransportlayerC.Thedatalinklayer D.Thenetworklayer2.Whichofthefollowingisnotincludedinamodified5-layermodel?A.Theapplicationlayer B.ThetransportlayerC.ThenetworklayerD.Thepresentationlayer1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunications3.WhichofthefollowingdevelopedOSIreferencemodel,acommunicationsstandard?A.TCPB.IPC.ISOD.ASCII1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsⅢ.Identifytheletterofthechoicethatbestmatchesthephraseordefinition.a. antennab. Bluetoothc. computernetworkd. meshnetworke. switch______1.Acollectionofcomputersandotherhardwaredevicesthatareconnectedtogethertosharehardware,software,anddata,aswellastocommunicateelectronicallywithoneanother______2.Adeviceusedforreceivingorsendingradiosignals;oftenusedtoincreasetherangeofanetwork______3.Adeviceusedtoconnectmultipledevicesonasingle(typicallywired)network;forwardspacketstoonlytheintendedrecipient______4.Anetworkingstandardforveryshort-rangewirelessconnections;thedevicesareautomaticallyconnectedoncetheygetwithintheallowablerange______5.Anetworkinwhichtherearemultipleconnectionsbetweenthedevicesonthenetworksothatmessagescantakeanyofseveralpossiblepaths1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunicationsV.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseEthernetEthernetisasetofstandardsimplementingaLANwithabustopology.ItsnameisderivedfromtheoriginalEthernetdesigninwhichmachineswereconnectedbyacoaxialcablecalledtheether.Originaldevelopedinthe1970sandnowstandardizedbyIEEEasapartoftheIEEE802familyofstandards,EthernetisoneofthemostcommonmethodsofnetworkingPCs.Indeed,EthernetcontrollershavebecomeastandardcomponentinthePCsavailableinthecurrentretailmarket.TodaythereareactuallyseveralversionsofEthernet,reflectingadvancesintechnologyandhighertransferrates.All,however,sharecommontraitsthatcharacterizetheEthernetfamily.Amongthesearetheformatinwhichdataarepackagedfortransmission,theuseofManchesterencoding(amethodofrepresenting0sand1sinwhicha0isrepresentedbyadescendingsignalanda1isrepresentedbyanascendingsignal)fortheactualtransmissionofbits,andtheuseofCSMA/CDforcontrollingtherighttotransmit.1.1SectionA:OSIReferenceModel:TheDrivingForcebehindNetworkCommunications1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)Wordstwisted-pair雙絞線coaxial[k?u??ks?l]adj.同軸的fiber-optic[計(jì)]光導(dǎo)纖維ratify[?r?tifai]v.批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可bandwidth-intensive帶寬密集型的respective[ris?pektiv]adj.各自的，分別的1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)Wordsproximity[pr?k?simiti]n.鄰近，接近c(diǎn)ounterpart[?kaunt?pɑ?t]n.職位(或作用)相當(dāng)?shù)娜?，?duì)應(yīng)的事物chain[t?ein]n.連鎖店或旅館系列的事物1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)Phrasesuptodate擁有(或包含)最新信息的poweroutlet電源（引）出口comeequippedwith配備1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)Notes[1]PoE（PoweroverEthernet，有源以太網(wǎng)），有時(shí)也被簡(jiǎn)稱為以太網(wǎng)供電，在現(xiàn)有的以太網(wǎng)Cat.5布線基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)不做任何改動(dòng)的情況下，在為一些基于IP的終端（如IP電話機(jī)、無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)接入點(diǎn)AP、網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像機(jī)等）傳輸數(shù)據(jù)信號(hào)的同時(shí)，還能為此類設(shè)備提供直流供電的技術(shù)。PoE技術(shù)能在確?，F(xiàn)有結(jié)構(gòu)化布線安全的同時(shí)保證現(xiàn)有網(wǎng)絡(luò)的正常運(yùn)作，最大限度地降低成本。1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)Notes[2]Original：Itcanalsobeusedtoplacenetworkeddevicesnearceilingsorotherlocationswhereanearbypoweroutletmaynotbeavailable,andinhomestoconnectwireddevices(suchassecuritycameras)toahomenetworkwithoutrun?ningnewelectricalwiring.Translation：它還可以用于將網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的設(shè)備置于天花板或其他地點(diǎn)附近，在那里，附近的一個(gè)電源插座可能不可用,并且在家里能夠?qū)⒂芯€設(shè)備（如安全攝像頭）連接到不用布置新的電線的家庭網(wǎng)絡(luò)。1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)ExercisesI.Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.1．Wi-FiisaMAN.2.Ethernet,tokenring,andTCP/IPareallnetworkstandards.3．PoEdevicesarepluggedintoanelectricaloutlet.4.．EthernetdescribeshowdatacanbesentbetweennodesandenablesittobeusedwithalmostanykindofcomputerandnetworkdeviceinaLAN.5.Ethernet(802.3)isthemostwidelyusedstandardforwirelessnetworks.1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)II.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.1．Whichofthefollowingisthenetworkstandard?A．TCP/IP B．TokenRingC．Ethernet D．Alloftheabove2．WhichofthefollowingisthecounterpartofEthernet?A．MANB．Wi-FiC．WAND．Noneoftheabove1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)3．WhichofthefollowingisthemostpopularLANstandardintheworld?A．Wi-FiB．MANC．EthernetD．WANⅢ.Identifytheletterofthechoicethatbestmatchesthephraseordefinition.a. nodeb. peer-to-peerc. protocolsd. TCP/IPe. Treenetwork_______1.Inthisnetwork,nodeshaveequalauthorityandcanactasbothclientsandservers._______2.AwidelyusedInternetprotocol._______3.Rulesforexchangingdatabetweencomputers._______4.Anydevicethatisconnectedtoanetwork._______5.Thisnetwork,alsoknownasahierarchicalnetwork,isoftenusedtosharecorporate-widedata.1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)1.2SectionB:Ethernet(802.3)V.TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.VirtualPrivateNetwork(VPN)AVirtualPrivateNetwork(VPN)isaprivate,securepathacrossapublicnetwork(usuallytheInternet)thatissetuptoallowauthorizedusersprivate,secureaccesstothecompanynetwork.Forinstance,aVPNcanallowatravelingemployee,businesspartner,oremployeelocatedatasatelliteofficeorpublicwirelesshotspottoconnectsecurelytothecompanynetworkviatheInternet.AprocesscalledtunnelingistypicallyusedtocarrythedataovertheInternet;specialencryptiontechnologyisusedtoprotectthedatasoitcannotbeunderstoodifitisinterceptedduringtransit.Essentially,VPNsallowanorganizationtoprovidesecure,remoteaccesstothecompanynetworkwithoutthecostofphysicallyextendingtheprivatenetwork.2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters1.簡(jiǎn)要介紹商務(wù)信函是一種強(qiáng)有力的方式，被用來(lái)傳遞正式的或有說(shuō)服力的信息。它能夠建立永久性的記錄，或者能夠發(fā)送重要、敏感或機(jī)密的信息。盡管電子郵件已經(jīng)成為最流行的交換書(shū)面信息的方式，但商務(wù)信函仍然是一個(gè)必要的通信工具。通常寫(xiě)信是為了與所處的組織之外的人進(jìn)行溝通，當(dāng)然，也可以通過(guò)寫(xiě)信給同事發(fā)送正式的消息。除了所寫(xiě)的頁(yè)面上的話，信的設(shè)計(jì)和格式也在向讀者展示作者自己，作者對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)注，以及作者的專業(yè)水平。2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters2.商務(wù)信函的使用情況（1）與不認(rèn)識(shí)的人進(jìn)行交流。雖然電子郵件很容易撰寫(xiě)，而且送達(dá)速度更快，但其非正式性及自發(fā)性會(huì)使郵件顯得太自我或太大膽。（2）記錄交流。商務(wù)信函可以提供一個(gè)永久的記錄，尤其是在附有合同、協(xié)議條款，或特別優(yōu)惠時(shí)。（3）傳達(dá)壞消息或討論敏感的事情。撰寫(xiě)書(shū)面的信能夠向讀者展示作者對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題的認(rèn)真態(tài)度。此外，商務(wù)信函可以保密，并且比一些數(shù)字通信的形式擁有更多的隱私。（4）當(dāng)想要表示感謝、祝賀、慰問(wèn)，或道歉時(shí)。2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters3.商務(wù)信函的格式完整的商務(wù)信函需要包含以下內(nèi)容：（1）印有抬頭的信箋（2）書(shū)寫(xiě)日期（3）（寫(xiě)在信箋左上角的）收信人地址（4）（書(shū)信等開(kāi)頭的）稱呼語(yǔ)（5）簡(jiǎn)要介紹（6）正文（7）結(jié)尾（8）結(jié)尾敬語(yǔ)和簽名具體的格式范例如下圖與實(shí)例：2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters3.商務(wù)信函的格式2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetter20December2015ProfessorAndrewMorrisseyExecutiveDirectorExecutiveMBAProgramUniversityofOttawa1350SparksSt.,Suite725Ottawa,ON，KIP1C4DearProfessorMorrissey:Thereisanewprocedureforhandinginhomework.Ibelievethatyouwillfinditanimprovementontheoldone.Itwillbeaconvenientprocedure.Thenewprocedureisasfollows:1.Packyourhomeworkfilesasa.zipor.rarfile.2.Nameyour.zipor.rarfilewiththefollowingformat:YourstudentID_yourname_Homework1.3.Loginftp://19withyourstudentID.4.OpenthefoldernamedComputerConcepts.5.Openthesub-foldernamedFirstHomework.6.Copyyournamedfileandpastethere.Attention1.Makesurethattheformatisrequested.2.Handinwithin3dayssincethehomeworkisassigned,otherwise,thefolderwillbeclosed.2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters4.稱呼語(yǔ)的使用當(dāng)撰寫(xiě)一封商務(wù)信函時(shí)，你也是在建立一個(gè)你自己的以及你所代表的組織的形象。通常，信函決定了第一次和你接觸的人對(duì)你的持久的印象。（1）稱呼格式當(dāng)撰寫(xiě)一封商務(wù)信函時(shí)，你也是在建立一個(gè)你自己的以及你所代表的組

織的形象。通常，信函決定了第一次和你接觸的人對(duì)你的持久的印象。

（2）標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

稱呼語(yǔ)中的標(biāo)點(diǎn)也代表著信的意圖。

商務(wù)信函在稱呼語(yǔ)之后寫(xiě)一個(gè)冒號(hào)（：），而私人信件則用逗號(hào)（，）2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters4.稱呼語(yǔ)的使用（3）名字寫(xiě)一封正式的信件時(shí)，稱呼中不能使用收件人的名字，如DearMs.LouisaJones（尊敬的路易莎瓊斯女士）。然而，如果你和收件人關(guān)系比較友好，則可以使用名字，如DearBob（尊敬的鮑勃）。（4）非個(gè)人稱呼如果你并不知道收件人的名字，那就使用一個(gè)非個(gè)人稱呼，如讀者的頭銜，如DearOperationsManager（尊敬的運(yùn)營(yíng)經(jīng)理）的名稱或使用他們的部門或單位的名稱，如DearHumanResourcesDepartment（尊敬的人力資源部）2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters4.稱呼語(yǔ)的使用（5）等級(jí)榮譽(yù)在撰寫(xiě)特別正式的商務(wù)信函時(shí)，你可能需要在稱呼中加入工作頭銜、等級(jí)，或榮譽(yù)稱號(hào)，如DearPresidentCunningham（尊敬的坎寧安總統(tǒng)）。（6）國(guó)際信件一些國(guó)家，看待信件的頭銜和稱呼可能要比在其他一些國(guó)家更加認(rèn)真，當(dāng)然，使用的規(guī)則也是因地而異。如果你使用了錯(cuò)誤形式的地址也會(huì)很尷尬。如果信件讀者在國(guó)外，最安全的方法是使用傳統(tǒng)的名稱，即DearTitleName（尊敬的+頭銜+姓名），并使用正式的語(yǔ)氣去撰寫(xiě)信函。2.SimulatedWriting:WritingProfessionalLetters(I)ProfessionalLetters4.稱呼語(yǔ)的使用稱呼語(yǔ)適合提到盡量避免格式

使用DearTitleName（尊敬的+頭銜+姓名）的稱呼格式在商務(wù)信函的稱呼中接一個(gè)冒號(hào)（：）省略“Dear”（“尊敬的”）在結(jié)尾處使用逗號(hào)，除了私人信函之外姓名使用讀者的姓僅使用讀者的名字（用于私人信函）用“Miss”（“女士”）或“Mrs.”（“夫人”）作為讀者頭銜在正式信函中使用讀者的名字國(guó)際讀者熟悉讀者國(guó)家的寫(xiě)信習(xí)俗使用正式的稱呼語(yǔ)

信函以個(gè)人為中心你與讀者有著友好的關(guān)系，使用非正式的稱呼語(yǔ)3.1Dialogue:SettingupWirelessNetworkWordsbroadband[?br?:db?nd]n.寬帶port[p?:t]n.端口find[faind]v.知道，得知，獲悉couch[kaut?]n.睡椅，沙發(fā)yard[ja:d]n.院子

3.1Dialogue:DeepLearningPhraseslightup照亮，點(diǎn)燃beincludedwith包括在bytheway順便提一句3.2ListeningComprehension：IPv6Listentothearticleandanswerthefollowing3questionsbasedonit.Afteryouhearaquestion,therewillbeabreakof15seconds.Duringthebreak,youwilldecidewhichoneisthebestansweramongthefourchoicesmarked(A),(B),(C)and(D).Questions1. Whatisthemostdirectandpowerfuldrivingfo