2021屆高考英語一輪復習專項點撥01高考閱讀理解總括和做題步驟

高考閱讀理解

目錄

高考閱讀注意事項2

1.以意群為單位，成組視讀2

2.重視文章框架結(jié)構2

3.積累詞語。2

二.高考閱讀理解四項能力考查_________________________________________________________________2

三.閱讀理解做題步驟3

3.1讀題干，劃關鍵詞3

3.2讀文章，做標記4

3.2.1標記篇章主旨4

3.2.2標記段落主旨10

3.2.3標記常見7大答案出處點13

一.高考閱讀注意事項

1.以意群為單位，成組視讀

英語閱讀不是一個詞一個詞的去默看，而是根據(jù)意群，一組組的進行掃視。英語中主要有三大意群：

介詞短語，從句，非謂語動詞。尤其閱讀長難句時，可以把意群用括號標出，然后就比較容易找到句子主

干，從而能比較準確的理解句意方向。這是一種高超的閱讀能力，非以一貫之的堅持和大量的閱讀不能夠

習得。

2.重視文章框架結(jié)構

我們常有這樣的情況：句子都能看懂，但讀完文章印象卻不深，這就牽涉到對文章框架結(jié)構的整體理

解。如何學會對文章的整體理解呢？首先，要重視文章的標題和主旨大意。接著在往下閱讀時特別注意每

段的段意

3.積累詞語。

高考閱讀讀詞匯具有高頻性和重復性。我們要堅持把閱讀中的生詞或者搭配短語抄到小本子上，每天

有空時，就拿出這小本子背誦記憶。前期由于單詞量比較大，難度會比較大，但是由于考點詞匯的重復性,

在后面的文章中我們會時不時接觸，這樣通過反復記憶，詞匯量就增加得很快。

二.高考閱讀理解四項能力考查

信息篩選能力一一細節(jié)理解題

信息加工處理能力一一推理判斷題

信息歸納總結(jié)能力一一主旨大意題

詞匯猜測能力一一詞義猜測題

三.閱讀理解做題步驟

3.1讀題干，劃關鍵詞

關鍵詞1：5W1H人物/地點/時間/機構/組織/大寫字母/數(shù)字

1.ProfessorJohnBeath'slecturesare.

2.WhydidHenryFordtakepartinthe1901carrace?

3.Londonhasbecomethesecondmostexpensivecitybecauseof—

4.WhichofthefollowingistrueofWingspanArts?

5.Diabeitcrockstar.comwascreatedfor

關鍵詞2：敏感詞（唯一信息）：最高級/序數(shù)詞/only/unique/special/main/major

1.Whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantforthechildcarejob?

2.Whatshouldyouconsiderfirstwhilesailing?

3.Thehoneyguideisspecialintheway.

4.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?

關鍵詞3：連詞（邏輯關系）

1.SophiawrotealettertoStAndrewsUniversitybecauseshewanted

2.Accordingtotheauthor,wearemorecreativewhenweare___.

關鍵詞4：具體意義的名詞，動詞，形容詞【優(yōu)選名詞，動詞，最好所有名詞都找到，其次形副】

1.Whichofthefollowingistrueofcellphoneusers?

2.Whatshouldschoolsdotohelptheproblemschoolboys?

3.WhatisimportantforsuccessfulsmalltalkaccordingtoCarducci?

4.Howshouldparentsencouragetheirchildrentoreadmore?

5?“Mothertrees"areextremelyimportantbecausethey.

6.Wheredoesthesupportforenvironmentalprotectionmainlycomefrom?

7.It'swidelybelievedthatthestoneblocksweremovedtothepyramidsiteby.

3.2讀文章，做標記

問：讀文章，讀什么？

答:讀主旨（篇章主旨和段落主旨）；讀細節(jié)（抓關鍵細節(jié)點）。

問：做標記，在哪里做？

答：標記篇章主旨句；標記段落主旨句；標記常見答案出處關健細節(jié)點。

3.2.1標記篇章主旨

任何文章都會有自己的主旨要義，即文章的主題，是否能夠把握住文章的主題是理解一篇文章的關鍵。因

此，出題人為了考查學生對文章的理解程度，必然會以各種方式考查文章的主題。

1）篇章主題句位置總括：

首段首句型：主題句f具體的陳述（信號詞，如forexample,anexampleof;first,second,next,last,

finally;tobeginwith,also,besides;one,theother;some,others等。）

首段尾句型：開頭列舉事實f主題句（信號詞。如so,therefore,thus,consequently;inconclusion,

inshort;inaword,tosumup）

中段型：有時段落是先介紹背景和細節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說的內(nèi)容或事例，然后

再圍繞主題展開對有關問題的深入討論。這種文章的主題句往往會在段落中間出現(xiàn)。歸納起來主要有兩種

情況：先提出問題，然后給予回答（主題句），最后給予解釋;或者，先提出問題，然后點出主題思想（主題

句），最后給予解釋。

尾段型：尾段總結(jié)概括（信號詞so,therefor,thus,inshort,asaresult,thatiswhy）

首尾呼應型：主題句在段落的開頭和結(jié)尾兩個位置上先后出現(xiàn)，形成前呼后應的格局。這兩個主題句敘說

的是同一個內(nèi)容，但用詞不盡相同，這樣不但強調(diào)了主題思想，而且顯得靈活多變。這兩個句子并非簡單

重復，后一個主題句或?qū)υ撝黝}作最后的評述，或?qū)σc作一概括，或使之引申留給讀者去思考。

無明確主題句型：各段中心句總結(jié)相加法或者語文總結(jié)中心思想法。

2）體裁：議論文，科普說明文，應用文（廣告指南，新聞，通知）

文章主旨都出現(xiàn)在比較明顯的位置，可以將之歸納為一目了然型。標記方法【3+1法則】。即通過文章的【標

題、首段、尾段】及【高頻詞】。

說明文（introduction—description（example/comparison/classification）—conclusion）要求先明

確文章的說明對象

議論文（opinion-arguments（facts/examples/theory）—conclusion）要明確作者的觀點和意圖，能讀

懂最好,讀不懂就看題，回文中找相關句子,看選項和文中的句子是否大體符合,推薦用排除法.

3）體裁：故事類記敘文（理解故事的含義和它想說明的道理）和傳記類文章（時間是全文的關鍵）

1.看首段：故事開始前作者對后文有一些概括性的描述

2.尾段完整概括：通過對文章的整個內(nèi)容的概括，進行主旨題的思考

3.常見故事類記敘文主旨：1.故事升華到真善美哲理2.分享一個經(jīng)歷3.娛樂

【典例分析】

1

1.ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren,sabilitytolearnandevenreducetheirchances

ofgettingacollegedegree,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsof

televisiononchildren.

2.Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVs

intheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpointsloweronmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildren

withoutbedroomsTVs.

3.Asecondstudy,lookingatnearly1,000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundlowereducation

levelsamong26-year-oldswhohadwatchedlotsofTVduringchildhood.Buttheresultsdon't

provethatTVisthecauseanddon,truleoutthatalreadypoorlymotivatedyoungsters（年輕

人）maywatchlotsofTV.

4.TheirstudymeasuredtheTVhabitsof26-year-oldsbetweenages5and15.Thosewithcollege

degreeshadwatchedanaverageoflessthantwohoursofTVperweeknightduringchildhood,compared

withanaverageofmorethan2%hoursforthosewhohadnoeducationbeyondhighschool.

5.IntheCaliforniastudy,childrenwithTVsintheirroomsbutnocomputerathomescored

thelowest,whilethosewithnobedroomTVbutwhohadhomecomputersscoredthehighest.

6.WhilethisstudydoesnotprovethatbedroomTVsetscausedthelowerscores,itaddsto

accumulatingfindingsthatchildrenshouldn,thaveTVsintheirbedrooms.

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

A.ComputersorTelevision.B.EffectsofTelevisiononChildren.

C.StudiesonTVandCollegeEducation.D.TelevisionandChildren'sLearningHabits.

2

1.Whenstudentsandparentsareaskedtoratesubjectsaccordingtotheirimportance,the

artsareunavoidablyatthebottomofthelist.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant.

Toooftenitisviewedasmereentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority（優(yōu)先）.This

viewisshortsighted.Infact,musiceducationisbeneficialandimportantforallstudents.

2.Musictellsuswhoweare.Becausemusicisanexpressionofthebeingswhocreateit,

itreflectstheirthinkingandvalues,aswelladthesocialenvironmentitcameinfluencethat

GeorgeGershwinandothermusiciansintroducedintotheirmusicisobviouslyAmericanbecause

itcamefromAmericanmusicaltraditions.Musicexpressesourcharacterandvalues.Itgivesus

identityasasociety.

3.Musicprovidesakindofperception（感知）thatcannotbeacquiredanyotherway.Science

canexplainhowthesunrisesandsets.Theartsexploretheemotive（情感的）meaningofthesame

phenomenon.Weneedeverypossiblewaytodiscoverandrespondtoourworldforonesimplebut

powerfulreason:Noonewaycangetitall.

4.Theartsareformsofthoughtaspowerfulinwhattheycommunicateasmathematicaland

scientificsymbols.Theyarewayswehumanbeings“talk"toeachother.Theyarethelanguage

ofcivilizationthroughwhichweexpressourfears,ourcuriosities,ourhungers,ourdiscoveries,

ourhopes.Theartsarewayswegiveformtoourideasandimaginationsothattheycanbeshared

withothers.Whenwedonotgivechildrenaccesstoanimportantwayofexpressingthemselves

suchasmusic,wetakeawayfromthemthemeaningsthatmusicexpresses.

5.Scienceandtechnologydonottelluswhatitmeanstobehuman.Theartsdo.Musicis

animportantwayweexpresshumansuffering,celebration,themeaningandvalueofpeaceandlove.

6.Somusiceducationisfarmorenecessarythanpeopleseemtorealize.

Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Musiceducationdeservesmoreattention.

B.Musicshouldbeoftopeducationpriority.

C.Musicisaneffectivecommunicationtool.

D.Musiceducationmakesstudentsmoreimaginative.

3

1.Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbut

haveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstill

swimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsand

stillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthought

aboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar”

orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.

2.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearned

something,additionallearningtrialsincreasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.

3.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplaying

baseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuch

as“Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonly

learnbutoverlearn.

4.Themultiplicationtables（乘法口訣表）areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetrather

quicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearnin

childhood.

5.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming（突擊學習）foranexamination,thoughitmayresult

inapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmay

learnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmost

everythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone*sfuture

development.

4

1.Goinggreenseemstobefad（時尚）foralotofpeoplethesedays.Whetherthatisgoodor

bad,wecan,treallysay,butforthetwoofus,goinggreenisnotafadbutalifestyle.

2.OnApril22,2011,wedecidedtogogreeneverysingledayforanentireyear.Thismeant

doing365differentgreenthings,anditalsomeantchallengingourselvestogogreenbeyondeasy

things.Ratherthanrecycleandreduceourenergy,wehadtothinkof365differentgreenthings

todoandthiswasnoeasytask.

3.Withtheideaofgoinggreeneverysingledayforayear,OurGreenYearstarted.Mylife

andIdecidedtoeducatepeopleabouthowtheycouldgogreenintheirlivesandhopedwecould

showpeopleallthegreenthingsthatcouldbedonetohelptheenvironment.Wewantedtopush

themessagethateverylittlebithelps.

4.OverthecourseofOurGreenYear,wecompletelychangedourlifestyle.Wenowshopat

organic（有機的）stores.Weconsumelessmeat,choosinggreenfood.Wehavegreatlyreducedour

buyingwedon'tneed.Wehavegivenawayhalfofwhatweownedthroughwebsites.Ourhomeis

keptcleanbyvinegarandlemonjuice,withnochemicalcleaners.Wemakeourownbutter,enjoying

thesmellofhome-madefreshbread.Inourhomeofficeanyonecaughtdoingsomethingungreenmight

bepunished.

6.OurmindshavebeenchangedbyOurGreenYear.Wearegratefulforthechancetohavebeen

abletogogreenandeducateothers.Webelievethatwedohavethepowertochangethingsand

helpourplanet.

Whatmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.GoingGreen.B.ProtectingthePlanet.

C.KeepingOpen-MindedD.CelebratingOurGreenYear.

5

1.ArrivinginSydneyonhisownfromIndia,myhusband,Rashid,stayedinahotel

forashorttimewhilelookingforashorttimewhilelookingforahouseformeandourchildren.

2.Duringthefirstweekofhisstay,hewent,outonedaytodosomeshopping.Hecameback

inthelateafternoontodiscoverthathissuitcasewasgone.Hewasextremelyworriedasthe

suitcasehadallhisimportantpapers,includinghispassport.

3.Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,lostandlonelyinstrangecity,

thinkingoftheterribletroublesofgettingallthepaperworkorganizedagainfromadistant

countrywhiletryingtosettledowninanewone.

4.Lateintheevening,thephonerang.Itwasastranger.Hewastryingtopronouncemy

husband'snameandwasaskinghimalotofquestions.Thenhesaidtheyhadfoundapileofpapers

intheirtrashcan（垃圾桶）thathadbeenleftoutonthefootpath.

5.Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallhispapersanddocuments.

Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers.Herparents

hadcarefullysortedthemout,althoughtheyhadfoundmainlyforeignaddressesonmostofthe

documents.Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgiven

hisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.

6.Thatfamilynotonlyrestoredtheimportantdocumentstousthatdaybutalsorestoredour

faithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.

Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FromIndiatoAustralia.B.LivinginaNewCountry.

C.TurningTrashtoTreasure.D.InSearchofNewFriends..

6

1.ChildrenofallagesgatheredinNewYorkCityrecentlyfortheInternationalToypair.

Hiddenamongalreadypopulartoyswerenew,high-techeducationalproducts.Toymakersareworking

tocreatetheseproductsforimprovingachild'semotionalintelligence.

2.CompaniesshowedofftheirproductslastweekatNewYork,sJacobJavitzConventionCenter.

3.PlelQisasetofplastictoyblocks.Itusesvisualrealitytechnologytoteachwords,

numbersandotherthings,EdisonDurandirectsthecompanythatmakesPlelQ.Sheshowedpeople

atthetoyfairhowvirtualimagesappearontheblockswhentheyareheldinfrontofatablet

camera,PlelQhaschildrenactasteacherorguidetoacompanioncharacter.

4.Ontheothersideoftheconventioncenter,KarenHufromanothercompanydemonstratedan

educationalrobotcalledWoobo.Therobotcomesprogrammedwitheducationalgamesandactivities.

Childrenuseitstouchscreenfacetogetthemstarted.Hudescribedhowtherobotcanhelpa

childwhohasautism（自閉癥）.“ThechildcancommunicatewithWooboandfollowsomeofthe

instructionsWooboisgivingbecausehethinksofthisasacompanioninsteadofaparentorsomeone

elsetellinghimtocertainthings.”

5.AttheEQtainmentstand,salesdirectorJonathanEricksonexplainedthecompany?stoys.

“Thepurposeofallofourproductsistodevelopemotionalandsocialintelligence“hesaid

Ericksonshowedoffaboardgamecalled"Q'sRacetotheTop”.Hesaidthegamegothis4-year-old

daughtertoopenup."Thebiggestthingishertalking.Andthat/sthekeyofallthis一getting

herfeelingsexpressedout.Like,'Hey,whatdoesitfeelliketobesad?Orhowdoesitfeel

liketobehappy?'"

6.Itremainstobeseenwhetheragameortoycanimproveemotionalintelligence.Buttoymakers

aredoingwhattheycantohelpparentsintheireffortstoraisewell-roundedchildren.

Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.Toyshelptobuildemotionalintelligence

B.EducationaltoyssellwellintheToyFair

C.Toymakersaremakingprofitsineducation

D.ChildrencelebratetheInternationalToyFair

3.2.2標記段落主旨

【段落首句、段落尾句具有概括性和深刻性的段落主題句】及【高頻詞】。

1)第一句是中心句：即第一句是中心，然后圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。如果從第二句就開始對第一句進

行說明，論述或描述，那第一句就是主題句。有些段落，在主題句后面有明顯引出細節(jié)的信號詞，如for

example,anexampleof;first,second,next,last,finally;tobeginwith,also,besides;one,

lh。other;som。，others等。在閱讀中應盡量利用上述信號詞來確定主題句的位置。

2)第二句是中心句：第一句是過渡句。第二句與第一句存在轉(zhuǎn)折關系(but,however,yet,infact)或

者遞進關系(moreover,afterall,indeed)

3)句尾是中心句：有些文章會在開頭列舉事實，然后通過論證闡述作者的核心論點。因此，如果第一句話

不是概括性的或綜合性的話，最好快速讀一讀段落的最后一個句子，看看它是否具備主題句的特征。一般

說來，當一種觀點不易向人解釋清楚或不易被人接受時，主題句便會到段落的末尾才出現(xiàn)。學生可以充分

利用弓I出結(jié)論的信號詞o如so,sothat,therefore,thus,consequently;inconclusion,inshort;ic

aword,tosumup；allinall;generally等來確定主題句的位置在段尾。

4)沒有明顯的中心句：充分發(fā)揮語文總結(jié)中心思想能力，能用最簡潔的一兩個詞概括總結(jié)出段落主旨大意。

【典例分析】

1

Astudyreportedlastfallsuggeststhathavingapetdognotonlyraisesyourspiritsbut

mayalsohaveaneffectonyoureatinghabits.ResearchersatNorthwesternMemorialHospitalspent

ayearstudying36fatpeopleandtheirequallyfatdogsondiet-and-exerciseprograms;aseparate

groupof56peoplewithoutpetswereputonadietprogram.Onaverage,peoplelostaboutIIpounds,

or5%oftheirbodyweight.Theirdogsdidevenbetter,losinganaverageof12pounds,morethan

15%oftheirbodyweight.Dogownersdidn,tloseanymoreweightthanthosewithoutdogsbut,

sayresearchers,gotmoreexerciseoverall—mostlywiththeirdogs—andfounditworthdoing.

2

MydaughterwenttoseeTheWildOnerecentlyandshecommentedthatMarlonBrandowaswearing

jeanssolongago.Ofcourse,hehelpedsetthetrend,sothatgotmethinkingaboutthelink

betweenfilmsandtrendsinfashion.Fashionandfilmshavegonehandinhandforlong.TheWild

Oneisagoodexample:itappearedin1954,starringBrando.Dressedinablackleathermotorcycle

jacket,leathercapandjeans,hecreatedalookwhichisstillconsidered“cool"today.Everyone

fromMadonnatomiddle-agedmenisseenwearingtheclassicleathermotorcyclejacket.

3

ThreeSquareMarketsaysthechipcannottracktheemployees.Thecompanysaysscannerscan

readthechipsonlywhentheyarewithinafewinchesofthem."Thechipsprotectagainstidentity

theft,similartocreditcards."TheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationapprovedthechipsback

in2004,sotheyshouldbesafeforhumans,accordingtothecompany.

4

Ifthecellphonehastrulyhadtheseeffects,it'sbecauseithasbecomeverywidespread.

Considerthatin1987,therewereonly1millioncellphonesinuse.Today,somethinglike300

millionAmericanscarrythem.TheyfaroutnumberwiredphonesintheUnitedStates.

5

Althoughstillquiteyoung,grimeseemstobegettingfavoredbymoreandmorepeople.In

2016,theEnglishgrimeartistSkeptawontheMercuryPrizewithhisalbumKonnichiwa,beating

bignameslikeDavidBowieandRadiohead.However,nomatterwhethergrimeisonedayaccepted

bythemainstreammusicworldornot,onethingisforsure:ingrime,singersalwaysstaytrue

tothemselves.

6

Themarket,whichwasfoundedin1979,setsupitstentseverySaturdayfrom7a.m.tolp.m.,

rainorshine,alongNorthLemonandStatestreets.Basketsofperfectredstrawberries;the

red-paintedsidesoftheJavaDawgcoffeetruck;andmostofall,thetomatoes:amazing,large,

softandroundredtomatoes.

7

ThecityJs“psychologycafes”,whichoffergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.

Middle-agedhomemakers,retirees,andtheunemployedcometocafestotalkaboutlove,anger,

anddreamswithapsychologist.AndtheycometoLehanneysgroupjusttolearntosaywhatthey

feel."There'sastrongneedinParisforcommunication,“saysMauriceFrisch,acaf6LaChope

regularwhoworksasareligiousinstructorinanearbychurch."Peoplehavefewrealfriends.

Andtheyneedtoopenup."Lehannesaysshe'dliketoseepsychologycafesalloverFrance.

“Ifpeoplehadnormallives,thesecafeswouldn'texist,“shesays."Iflifeweren,tabattle,

peoplewouldn'tneedaspecialplacejusttospeak."Butthen,itwouldn'tbeFrance.

8

Whilehouseholdrobotstodaydothenormalhousework,socialrobotswillbemuchmorelike

companionsthanmeretools.Forexample,theserobotswillbeabletodistinguishwhensomeone

ishappyorsad.Thisallowsthemtorespondmoreappropriatelytotheuser.

9

Papa,asasonofadirt-poorfarmer,leftschoolearlyandwenttoworkinafactory,for

educationwasfortherichthen.So,theworldbecamehisschool.Withgreatinterest,heread

everythinghecouldlayhishandson,listenedtothetowneldersandlearnedabouttheworld

beyondhistinyhometown."There'ssomuchtolearn,z，he'dsay."Thoughwe'rebornstupid,only

thestupidremainthatway.〃Hewasdeterminedthatnoneofhischildrenwouldbedenied（拒

絕）aneducation.

10

ThereJreafewthingsIlearnedwhiledoingthese30-daychailenges.Thefirstwasthetime

wasmuchmorememorable.ThiswaspartofachallengeIdidtotakeapictureeveryday.Ialso

noticedthatasIstartedtodomoreandharder30-daychallenges,myse1f-recognitiongrew.I

wentfromadesk-dwellingnerd（電腦迷）tothekindofguywholikestowork.

11

Foodproductiondoesgreatharmtoourenvironment.Therearemanyproceduresinvolvedin

themanufactureoffoodthatresultingreenhousegasesandotherpollutants.Someprocedures

requiretheconsumptionoflargeamountsoffossilfuels,suchasthetransportationandstorage

offoodproducts.Otherfactorsthatcausegreatdamagetoourenvironmentincludetheoveruse

offreshwater.

3.2.3標記常見7大答案出處點

掌握高考閱讀常見答案出處點，就能快速找到出題者要考的30%的有效信息。

第1點：從轉(zhuǎn)折處找答案

作者常常會借用轉(zhuǎn)折詞引出某項重要的事實或觀點，轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后的內(nèi)容往往表達的是作者真實的寫作

目的、觀點或態(tài)度。

閱讀理解中常見的表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系的連詞或副詞有however,but,yet,while,though,although等。

另外，indeed,instead,infact,today,now也常常用來表示前后語義的轉(zhuǎn)折,另外有時副詞suddenly,

unfortunately也能提示前后語義轉(zhuǎn)折。

【典例分析】

1

HeleneAnandherfamilyownalargerestaurantbusinessinCalifornia.However,whenHelene

andherhusbandDannylefttheirhomeinVietnamin1975,theydidn'thavemuchmoney.Theymoved

theirfamilytoSanFrancisco.TheretheyjoinedDanny'smother,Diana,whoownedasmallItalian

sandwichshop.Soonafterwards,HeleneandDianachangedthesandwichshopintoasmallVietnamese

restaurant.Thefivedaughtershelpedintherestaurantwhentheywereyoung.However,Helene

didnotwantherdaughterstoalwaysworkinthefamilybusinessbecauseshethoughtitwastoo

hard.

WecanIearnfromParagraph2thattheAnfamily.

A.startedabusinessin1975B.leftVietnamwithoutmuchmoney

C.boughtarestaurantinSanFranciscoD.openedasandwichshopinLosAngeles

2

Themoreinteractiontherobothaswithhumans,themoreitlearns.ButOshbot,likeother

socialrobots,isnotintendedtoreplaceworkers,buttoworkalongsideotheremployees."We

havetechnologiestotrainsocialrobotstodothingsnotforus,butwithus,“saidBreazeal.

Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthatsocialrobotswill.

A.trainemployeesB.beourworkmates

C.improvetechnologiesD.taketheplaceofworkers

第2點：從對比、比較處找答案

閱讀文章中的對比常常表現(xiàn)為新老觀點的對比、錯誤與正確觀念的對比、新事物與舊事物的對比等，

而比較則常常表現(xiàn)為兩種或多種事物的優(yōu)點、缺點、用途、功能、原理等特點的比較。這些對比或比較關

系經(jīng)常受到出題人的青睞。

閱讀理解中常見的表示對比或比較關系的詞或短語有while,whereas（然而），than,like,same,justas,

comparedwith,bycomparison（相比之下），bycontrast（相比之下），either???or,notonly???but

also,both???and,exception（例外）等。解題時要留意這些詞或短語,并注意出現(xiàn)比較級、最高級

的地方，另外要注意搞清對比或比較對象。

1

Whenwetoucheddowntoblueskiesandwarmair,Isentupasmallprayerofgratefulness.

Swimmingpools,winetasting,andpinksunsets（atnormaleveninghours,not4intheafternoon）

filledtheweekend,butthebestpart-particularlytomytaste,dulledbymonthsofcold-weather

rootvegetables一wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers'marketthatprovedtobemore

thanworththeearlywake-upcall.

Whatmadetheauthor,sgettinguplateearlyworthwhile?

A.Havingaswim.B.Breathinginfreshair.

C.Walkinginthemorningsun.D.Visitingalocalfarmers'market.

2

Tocalculatejusthowmuchmotherswouldearnfromthatlabour,itsuggestedsomeoftheroles

thatmumscouldtakeon,includinghousekeeper,part-timelawyer,personaltrainerandentertainer,

beingapart-timelawyer,at$48.98anhour,wouldprovetobethemostprofitableofthe“mum

jobs”,withpsychologist（心理學家）aclosesecond.

Italsoaskedmothersaboutthechallengestheyface,with80percentmakingemotional（情

感的）demandasthehardes