英詩格律與英語誦讀

英語詩歌格律與英語誦讀

--讓我們品味英語表達(dá)的魅力

(EnglishVersificationandRecitation)

史耕山

河北工業(yè)大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院

11/18/20231EnglishversificationEnglishpoetry:ajuicypeachoralemonthatisbitterandflat?Howcanweappreciateitsbeauty?Beautyofitscontents:themessageitsendsforthBeautyofitsform:thewaybywhichthemessageissentforth---versification,etc.Aninteractiverelationshipbetweencontentsandform.11/18/20232Whatispoetry?Allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeelings.

---WilliamWordsworthThebestwordsinthebestorder.---SamuelT.ColeridgeMusicalthought.---ThomasCarlylePoetryistheinclusionoftheinfiniteintothefinite.---RobertBrowning11/18/20233

PeriodofVerseFrom:GeoffreyChaucer(1345-1400)beginneroftheemploymentofheroic

couplet(therhymedcoupletofiambicpentameter)To:WaltWhitman(1819-1892):beginneroffreeverse11/18/20234BasicConcepts:A:syllable:aunitofspeechsoundsconsistingofavoweloravowelwithoneormorethanoneconsonant.B:rhythm:themovementorsenseofmovementcommunicatedbytheregulararrangementofstressed&unstressedsyllables(byafootorsomefeet:aunitofrhythm,agroupofsyllablesformingametricalunit)11/18/20235Rhythm1Rhythm:typesoffoot(音步)+numberoffoot(音步律)

1.typesoffoot(音步)FourcommonlyusedfeetdefinedbythedifferencesinthearrangementofstressedandunstressedsyllablesA:theiambic(抑揚(yáng)格):theseaB:theanapest(抑抑揚(yáng)格):ontheseaC:thetrochee(揚(yáng)抑格):prettyD:thedactyl(揚(yáng)抑抑格):beautiful

(Note:AandBbelongtotherisingrhythm,CandDbelongtothefallingrhythm.)11/18/20236Rhythm22.numbersoffoot(meter)(音步律)monometer，dimeter，trimetertetrameterpentameter:mostcommonlyusedhexameter,heptameter,octameterConclusion:Rhythmiscomposedoftypeoffootandnumberoffootinaline.Example:iambicpentameter(抑揚(yáng)格五音步)TheCurfewtollstheknellofpartingdayTheCur/fewtolls/theknell/ofpar/tingday11/18/20237Variationsinrhythm(節(jié)奏變格)Reasons:toavoidmonotonyanddamageofcontentsbyformPrinciple:Thedominantrhythmshouldremainunchanged.Methods:A:substitutionofthesamekindofrhythm(同類節(jié)奏的替代)B:monosyllabicsubstitution(單音節(jié)替代)C:substitutionbyhypermetricalsyllable(超音步音節(jié))andanacrusis(行首輕音節(jié))D:mixedsubstitution(混合替代:A+B+C)11/18/20238A:substitutionofthesamekindofrhythm

(同類節(jié)奏的替代：參考)1.抑揚(yáng)格〔主導(dǎo)格律〕中的抑抑揚(yáng)格替代CanIsee/ano/ther’swoe,Andnotbe/insor/rowtoo?CanIsee/ano/ther’sgrief,Andnotseek/forkind/relief?Blake,OnAnother’sSorrow2.抑抑揚(yáng)格〔主導(dǎo)格律〕中的抑揚(yáng)格替代Itwasma/nyandma/nyayear/ago,Inaking/domby/thesea,Thatamai/dentherelived/whomyou/mayknow,Bythename/ofAn/nabelLee.Poe,AnnabelLeeNotes:“by〞and“you〞arecalledlogicalstresses(邏輯重音).11/18/20239B:monosyllabicsubstitution1(單音節(jié)替代：參考)抑揚(yáng)格〔主導(dǎo)格律〕中的單音節(jié)替代Shouldauld/acquain/tancebe/forgot,Andne/verbrought/tomind?Shouldauld/acquain/tancebe/forgot,Anddays/Olang/∧syne?Andforauld/∧lang/∧syne,/myjo,Forauld/∧lang/∧syne,We’lltake/acup/okind/nessyet,Forauld/∧lang/∧syne.RobertBurns,AuldLangSyneDiscussion:thefunctionofmonosyllabicsubstitutionapartfromvariation:Ithelpstocreateaprolongedoutburstofemotions.11/18/202310B:monosyllabicsubstitution2(單音節(jié)替代)揚(yáng)抑格〔主導(dǎo)格律〕中的單音節(jié)代替〔練習(xí)〕Letus,then,beupanddoing,Withaheartforanyfate;Stillachieving,stillpursuing,Learntolaborandtowait.Longfellow,APsalmofLife揚(yáng)抑格〔主導(dǎo)格律〕中的單音節(jié)代替〔參考〕Letus,/then,be/upand/doing,Witha/heartfor/any/fate;∧Stilla/chieving,/stillpur/suing,Learnto/labor/andto/wait.∧11/18/202311C:substitutionbyhypermetricalsyllable(超音步音節(jié))&anacrusis(行首輕音節(jié)):參考Inthegreen/estgrowth/oftheMay(time,Irode/wherethewoods/werewet,Between/thedawn/andtheday(time;Thespring/wasglad/thatwemet.

Swineburne,AnInterludeHigher/stilland/higherFromthe/earththou/springestLikea/cloudof/fire;

The)blue/deepthou/wingest,And)singing/stilldost/soar,and/soaring/ever/singest.Shelley,ToaSkylark11/18/202312D:mixedsubstitution混合替代：參考1∧Break,/∧break,/∧break,Onthycold/graystones,/OSea!AndIwould/thatmytongue/

couldutterThethoughts

/thatarise/

inme.Owell

/forthefi

/sherman’sboy,Thatheshouts/withhissister/

atplay!Owell

/forthesai

/

lorlad,Thathesings/inhisboat/onthebay!

11/18/202313D:mixedsubstitution混合替代：參考2Tilla’theseasgangdry,myDear,Andtherocksmeltwi’thesun,OIwillluvetheestill,myDear,Whilethesandso’lifeshallrun.RobertBurns,ARed,RedRose主導(dǎo)格律：抑揚(yáng)格Tilla’/theseas/gangdry,/myDear,

Andtherocks/∧melt/wi’thesun,

∧

O/

Iwillluve/theestill,/myDear,Whilethesands/o’life/shallrun.11/18/202314Iwanderedlonelyasacloud:Adetailedscansion〔練習(xí)〕IwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho’ervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,Flutteringanddancinginthebreeze.ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.11/18/202315Iwanderedlonelyasacloud:Adetailedscansion〔參考〕Iwan/deredlonely/

asacloudThatfloats/onhigh

/o’ervales/andhills,Whenall/atonce/Isaw

/acrowd,Ahost/,ofgol/denda

(ffodils;Beside/thelake/,beneath/thetrees,∧Flu

/

tteringand

/

∧dan

/cingin/thebreeze.Conti

/nuousas/thestars/thatshineAndtwin/kleon/themil/kyway,Theystre

/tchedinne

/ver-end/inglineAlong/themar

/ginof/abay:Tenthou/sandsaw

/Iat/aglance,∧To

/

ssingtheirheads

/inspright/lydance.11/18/202316Discussion:differentscansions,differenteffectsTobe,/ornot/tobe:thatis/theques(tion.

Tobe,/ornot/tobe:∧that/istheques(tion.---Hamlet(3:1)P3911/18/202317Discussion:differentscansions,differenteffects'Please,sir,'repliedOliver,'Iwantsomemore.''ForMORE!'saidMr.Limbkins.'Composeyourself,Bumble,andanswermedistinctly.DoIunderstandthatheaskedformore,afterhehadeatenthesupperallottedbythedietary?'11/18/202318Englishrecitation1)dictionarypronunciationstress:mischievous;mishap;ancestor;mature;recipe;garage;entrepreneur;email;agriculturelongandshortvowels:fatherandmother;sheandhe,thisbookmutesound:marinecorps;ballet;bouquet;debut;debrischeatingsound:again;because;aquarium;halfpenny;southern11/18/202319Englishrecitation1)dictionarypronunciation2)readwithrhythm:sensegroup3)languageisaflow:liaison4)readwithyourheart:influencefromthecontent11/18/202320Exampleforrecitation:VOAspecialEnglishWelcometoTHISISAMERICAinVOASpecialEnglish.I'mSteveEmber.AndI'mBarbaraKlein.OnTuesday,BarackObamawillbesworninastheforty-fourthpresidentoftheUnitedStates.Thisweekonourprogram,welookatpresidentialinaugurations,pastandpresent.(MUSIC)InaugurationDayusedtobeMarchfourthundertheTwelfthAmendmenttotheConstitution.Intheolddays,ittookalongtimetocountthevotesfromtheNovemberelections.Thenthewinnershadtotraveltothecapital.ButtheTwentiethAmendmentshortenedthetransitionperiodbetweenadministrations.ItmovedinaugurationstoJanuarytwentieth.FranklinRooseveltwasthelastpresidentinauguratedinMarch.Thatwasin1933.Fouryearslater,hebecamethefirstpresidentinauguratedinJanuary.11/18/202321各種英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站文本或音頻資源11/18/202322英語學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)站視頻資源：新浪播客或土豆視頻11/18/202323Readwithyourheart:whatIhavelivedfor

Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.Thesepassions,likegreatwinds,haveblownmehitherandthither,inawaywardcourse,overadeepoceanofanguish,reachingtotheveryvergeofdespair.

Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringsecstasy----ecstasysogreatthatIwouldoftenhavesacrificedalltherestoflifeforafewhoursofthisjoy.Ihavesoughtit,nextbecauseitrelievesloneliness---thatterriblelonelinessinwhichone'sshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothecoldunfathomablelifelessabyss.Ihavesoughtit,finallybecauseintheunionofloveIhaveseen,inamysticminiature,theprefiguringvisionoftheheaventhatsaintsandpoetshaveimagined.ThisiswhatIsought,andthoughitmightseemtoogoodforhumanlife,thisiswhat--atlast---Ihavefound.11/18/202324Readwithyourheart:whatIhavelivedforWithequalpassionIhavesoughtknowledge.Ihavewishedtounderstandtheheartofmen.Ihavewishedtoknowwhythestarsshine.AndIhavetriedtoapprehendthePythagoreanpowerbywhichnumberholdsswayabovetheflux.Alittleofthis,butnotmuch,Ihaveachieved.

Loveandknowledge,sofarastheywerepossible,ledupwardtowardtheheavens.Butalwayspitybroughtmebacktoearth.Echoesofcriesofpainreverberateinmyheart.Childreninfamine,victimstorturedbyoppressors,helplessoldpeople---ahatedburdentotheirsons,andthewholeworldofloneliness,poverty,andpainmakeamockeryofwhathumanlifeshouldbe.Ilongtoalleviatetheevil,butIcannot,andItoosuffer.

Thishasbeenmylife.Ihavefounditworthliving,andwouldgladlyliveitagainifthechancewereofferedme.11/18/202325Strategiesforimprovement1〕readingwordlist;2〕someknowledgeforEnglishversification;3〕wordforworddictation;4〕teamwork(roleplay);5〕readwithbackgroundmusic11/18/202326Readwithmusicandyourheart:GenesisInthebeginningwhenGodcreatedtheheavensandtheearth,theearthwasaformlessvoidanddarknesscoveredthefaceofthedeep,whileawindfromGodsweptoverthefaceofthewaters.ThenGodsaid,“Lettherebelight〞:andtherewaslight;andGodsawthatthelightwasgood,andGodseparatedthelightfromthedarkness.GodcalledthelightDay,andthedarknesshecalledNight.Andtherewaseveningandtherewasmorning,thefirstday.AndGodsaid,“Lettherebeadomeinthemidstofthewaters,andletitseparatethewatersfromthewaters.SoGodmadethedomeandseparatedthewatersthatwereunderthedomefromthewatersthatwereabovethedome.Anditwasso;GodcalledthedomeSky.Andtherewaseveningandtherewasmorning,thesecondday.Genesis1:1-811/18/202327Readwithmyheart:whatIhavelivedfor

Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.Thesepassions,likegreatwinds,haveblownmehitherandthither,inawaywardcourse,overadeepoceanofanguish,reachingtotheveryvergeofdespair.

Ihavesoughtlove,first,becauseitbringsecstasy----ecstasysogreatthatIwouldoftenhavesacrificedalltherestoflifeforafewhoursofthisjoy.Ihavesoughtit,nextbecauseitrelievesloneliness---thatterriblelonelinessinwhichone'sshiveringconsciousnesslooksovertherimoftheworldintothe