牛津高中英語M2U3-Grammar-and-usage

GrammarandusageUnit3PastperfecttenseStep1

Self-studyGuidanceLearningaims

1.Reviewthebasictenseformslearnedbefore.2.Learnandmastertheimportantgrammar

itemsofthepastperfecttense.3.Finishsomerelativeexercisestopractise

whatwehavelearned.4.Improveourabilityofusingthegrammar

itemscorrectlywiththeteacher’shelp.Self-studyoutlineandrequirements1.Reviewthebasictenseformslearnedbefore.2.

Analyzethe

sentencesgiveninthestudyplan.3.Finishthetasksinfiveminutes.動詞時態(tài)表Step2

Self-studyChecking動詞時態(tài)表am/is/aredoinghas/havebeendoinghaddonewill/shalldowill/shallbedoingwould/should

doBythe1920s,hehadbecomean…Upontheirenteringthetomb,Carter’sluckypetbird,whichhehadleftinCairo,wasswallowedbyasnake.AfewmonthsafterCarterhadopenedthetomb,...Lead-in：PastperfecttenseHowcanweformthepastperfect?had+verb-ed

Step3

Groupwork&ExpansionTheusageofthepastperfectUpontheirenteringthetomb,Carter’sluckypetbird,whichhehadleftinCairo,wasswallowedbyasnake.CarterlefthisluckypetbirdinCairo.Carter’sluckypetbirdwasswallowedbyasnake.PastPresentWhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining.HehadleftwhenIarrived.Shetoldmethatshehadwrittenanewnovel.IfoundthewatchwhichIhadlost.總結(jié)一:過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去〞。這是一個相對的時態(tài),只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。Bytheendoflastyear,myfatherhadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.Bysixo’clockhehadworkedelevenhours.Theusageofthepastperfect總結(jié)二:

過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。Ihadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.Theyhadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.Theusageofthepastperfect總結(jié)三:

動詞think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法，希望，打算或意圖等。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.Itwasthethirdtimethatshehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.Itwasthemostinterestingnovelthat

Ihadeverread.Theusageofthepastperfect總結(jié)四:

過去完成時還可用在hardly(scarcely)…when…,nosooner…than…,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)time(that)…,Itwasthemost...that...等固定句型中。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexams.Ifhe

hadcomeearlier,hewouldn’thavemissedthefirstbus.Theusageofthepastperfect總結(jié)五:

用于表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件從句中。If條件句使用haddone,主句用would(should,could,might)

+havedone的形式。

BeforeshecametoChina,AmyhadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.

Tomhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasseven.

Theusageofthepastperfect總結(jié)六:過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與already，yet，still，just，before，never等時間副詞及by，before，until等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。Thepresentperfectorthepastperfect?HowardCarterisoneofthemostfamousexplorerstheworldhaseverknown.PastPresentFutureHowardCarterbecamefamous.Summary:Thepresentperfecttenseisusedwhenwearetalkingaboutapasteventinconnectionwiththepresenttime.Thepresentperfectorthepastperfect?PastPresentGeorgeGouldhadbeentothetomb.Hecaughtahighfeveranddied.GeorgeGouldhadbeentothetombbeforehecaughtahighfeveranddied.Summary:ThePastPerfecttenseisusedwhenwearediscussingthepastandwanttotalkaboutanevenearlierevent.Step4

Immediatetest用所給動詞的正確形式填空：

1.Bythetimewegottotheairport,theplane___________(take)off.2.Thechildren__________(have)thebookfortwoweeksbeforetheyreturnedittothelibrary.3.He__________(study)Englishforfiveyearsbeforehecamehere.4.WhenIwokeupthismorning,Ifoundthatit____________(stop)snowing.5.Theboy____________(notwatch)themoviebecausehehadwatchedittwice.

hadtakenhadhadhadstudiedhadstoppeddidn’twatch

6.Katetoldmethatitwasthesecondtimethatshe___________(go)skating.7.WhenJim___________(come)toChinatwoyearsago,hefoundpeopledidn'tunderstandhimatallthoughhe__________(learn)someChineseinhisowncountry.8.IsawHanMeiyesterday.We__________(notsee)eachothersinceweleftBeijing.9.Ifyou____________(work)harder,youwouldhavepassedtheexamination.10.Nosoonerhadwegottherethanit____________(begin)torain.hadgonecamehadlearnedhadn’tseenhadworkedbegan

Anotheramazingperson

—Amelia

Earhart

Whathappenedtoher?ReadthenotesaboutAmeliaEarhartonPage49.CompletethestoryonPage49.

AmeliaEarhartwasbornon24July1897.Shehadanexcitingchildhood.BeforeshemovedtoDesMoines,she⑴_____already_____

herfirstairplane.She⑵_______toChicago,sixyearslater.SheworkedasanurseintheFirstWorldWarandbecameinterestedinflying.She⑶______already_______

flyinglessonsbeforesheboughtherfirstplane.Thenherinterestinflyingreallybegantogrow.In1929,sheorganizedanairraceforwomen.Ayearearlier,she⑷______________

thefirstwomanairpassengertoflyacrosstheAtlantic.hadseenmovedhadtakenhadbecome

ShemarriedGeorgePutnamin1931.They⑸_________threeyearsbeforewhenheinterviewedherinNewYork.In1932,shebecamethefirstwomantoflyaloneacrosstheAtlantic.On1June1937,she⑹____________herround-the-worldflight.TheflightwentwellinJune.ShereachedNewGuineaonthe29th.She⑺_____________flyingnearlyamonthearlier. WhenthebasetriedtogetintouchwithAmeliaat9.30p.m.0n2July1937,she⑻_____already________missing.hadmetstartedhadstartedhadgoneThesimplepasttenseorthepastperfecttense?WhentheTitanicwasbuilt,peopleassumeditwouldneversink.So,whenitsankonitsfirstjourneythenews(1)__________(surprise)everyonegreatly.TheTitanicwasbuiltinBelfast,Ireland.Itsmakers(2)_________(spend)agreatdealofmoneybuildingtheextraordinaryship.Whenitwasfinished,itwasthelargestandmostcomfortableshipeverbuilt.TheTitanicsetsailon10April1912.‘I(3)_________(want)tosetfootontheTitaniceversinceitwasbuilt,’saidMollyBrown,aTitanicsurvivor.‘Ineverimagineditwouldsink!’On13April,theTitanicwassailingatfullspeedtowardsNewYork.surprisedspenthadwantedThecaptain,who(4)_____________(receive)warningsabouticebergsallday,hadmissedthewarningsasthey(5)__________(arrive).At2.20a.m.,theTitanicsankintothesea.It(6)__________(hit)anicebergjustovertwohoursbefore.Ofthe2,208peopleaboardtheship,only705(7)___________(survive).ExplorerRobertBallard(8)____________(search)fortheTitanicformorethan20yearsbeforehefoundit.‘Whennewtechnologywasdeveloped,we(9)________(use)ittosendcamerasdownintosea.Finally,wefoundtheship.’Withhiscameras,hewasabletofindtheholealongthesideoftheshipwhich(10)__________(cause)ittofillwithwaterandsink.hadreceivedarrivedhadhithadsearchedusedhadcausedsurvivedSummary:

Whethertousethesimplepasttenseorthepastperfecttensedependsonthesequence(先后順序)

oftheevents.

Anotheramazingperson—CaiLun

Whatdidhesay?Andwhatdidhedo?ReadthesentencesonPage51andthencompletethearticle.Theinventorofpaper