重難點25完形填空之說明文-2023年中考英語【熱點·重點·難點】專練(全國通用)(原卷版)

專項五中考題型重難點25完形填空之說明文 1.命題特點分析：1.1.開頭點題。說明文類完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說明的對象，這是掌握說明細節(jié)的前提。1.2.結構清晰。說明文一般按一定的順序展開。理清文章的說明順序，對于正確把握文意和上下文的邏輯關系，選擇正確答案具有重要意義。1.3.難度較大。說明文往往采用比較正式的文體，表述準確嚴謹，生詞術語較多，句子較長，結構較為復雜。1.4.說明文一般采用簡練的語言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質、特點、構造、成因、關系或事物的運動變化、發(fā)展的過程及其規(guī)律。1.5.說明文十分講究條理性，一般采取時間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認知順序來說明事物或事理。2.解題方法：2.1.快速弄清文章大意。對于此類文章我們結合選擇項，進行粗讀或略讀，對文章的大意要先有一個大體的了解。說明文往往生詞較多，而題材又比較廣泛，所以閱讀時，首先要能夠掌握文章的大意。2.2.弄清楚說明的順序。把握了說明順序，就能準確把握文章的脈絡，加強對整篇文章的理解。2.3.把握文章的組織結構，理清事實細節(jié)。把握語篇特征對理解文意與答題極為有利。說明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表達清楚的、邏輯比較嚴密的短文。在閱讀這類文章時，我們一定要仔細研讀文章的開頭和結尾，從主題句著手，找出支持句，然后尋找文章的結論。這時，我們還要特別注意，不要被表面的一些細節(jié)所迷惑，我們在理解細節(jié)的基礎上，還要斟酌文字的內涵意義，從而對文章進行深層次的理解。2.4.注重上下文語境應逐句精讀短文，逐題分析選項，對特定的語境作深入的理解，克服＂思維定勢＂，根據(jù)全文大意和詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐項填空。2.5.熟練做題方法，遵循四個原則：（1）上下一致。每個選擇項必須從全文出發(fā)，從大處著手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成誤選。（2）語法正確。從語法的角度去考慮動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)以及詞類用法。（3）邏輯合理。在完形填空題中，邏輯推理非常重要，有時每個選擇項從語法上講都正確，但是有的是不合語境邏輯的。（4）符合搭配。英語中固定搭配很多，需要熟練掌握，才能做好此類題目。1.試題難度保持基本穩(wěn)定。2.強調考生的通篇理解能力。大部分題需從全文出發(fā)，根據(jù)前后語境或行文邏輯做出判斷，體現(xiàn)出了＂突出語篇＂的命題風格。

3.考查內容主要以實詞為主，其中各詞考查比例稍微有變動?？v觀近三年的中考題，動詞、名詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞等實詞的比例始終穩(wěn)定占據(jù)80%左右。

4.有少量題目對初中學生提出了新的要求，即在掌握了雙基的基礎上對英語知識有一定的擴展。要求初中學生在掌握雙基的基礎上必須擴展知識面，特別是要注重開發(fā)大綱內動詞的用法。典例解析（2020·四川眉山·統(tǒng)考中考真題）IntheUS,lotsofpeoplehavewaimai,orfooddeliveredtotheirhome.PizzaandChinesefoodarepopular.Thedelivery____73____canusuallygetthefoodtoyourdoorinhalfanhour.ButwanmaiforotherthingsisnotsoquickintheUS.Forexample,ifyouordertoothpasteorcookingoil,itwillusually____74____atleastonedaytoarrive.HereinChina.Icanordernearlyanythingandgetit____75____just30to45minutes.DidIforgettobuyonionsandcabbagesformakingdinner?Noproblem--waimaiwilldeliveritsoon.Thereisevenwaimaiforthings____76____medicineandsnacks.Somepeoplesaythismakespeoplelazier.Iguessthey’renotwrong.ButIreallylovethe____77____life.73．A．drivers B．postmen C．policemen D．cleaners74．A．spend B．cost C．take D．pay75．A．a(chǎn)t B．for C．a(chǎn)fter D．in76．A．a(chǎn)sfor B．suchas C．ratherthan D．insteadof77．A．comfortable B．convenient C．careful D．common【短文大意】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹美國的外賣和中國的外賣的不同之處，中國的外賣可以預訂更多的事物而且有些東西送到的時間也更短。作者喜歡這種便利的生活方式?！敬鸢附馕觥?3．句意：送外賣的司機通?？梢栽诎雮€小時內將食物送到你門口。drivers司機；postmen郵遞員；policemen警察；cleaners清潔工。根據(jù)前文“fooddeliveredtotheirhome”可知外賣需要司機送到你門口，用名詞drivers。故選A。74．句意：例如，如果你預訂牙膏或者食用油，通常要花至少一天的時間才能到達。spend某人花費時間在某物上或做某事；cost某物花某人多少錢；take做某事花某人多長時間；pay某人為某物付款。句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是動詞不定式toarrive，此處表達“到達要花多長時間”用動詞take，故選C。75．句意：我可以預訂幾乎任何的東西而且可以在30到45分鐘內就能得到它。at表示具體的某一時刻；for為了；after在……之后；in一段時間以內或者以后?！?/p>

just30to45minutes”是一段時間，此處用in表示30到45分鐘以內或者以后。故選D。76．句意：甚至有外賣比如藥品和小吃這樣的東西。asfor對于；suchas例如；ratherthan而不是；insteadof而不是。根據(jù)“medicineandsnacks”可知是在舉例說明，用短語suchas。故選B。77．句意：但是我真的喜歡這種便利的生活。comfortable舒服的；convenient便利的；careful小心的；common平常的。根據(jù)前文講述的外賣可以在很短時間送任何東西，可以此處用形容詞convenient表達“便利的”。故選B。（2022·安徽淮南·統(tǒng)考二模）Chinesepeoplearewell-knownforbeinghospitable(好客的).Manyevenfeelthattheywilllosefaceiftheir____1____eatupallthefoodonthetable.Asweallknow,foodwastebecomesa____2____probleminChina.Luckily,thissituationcanbe____3____withthehelpofarule.Accordingtotherule,foodproviderswhoencourageorforcepeopleto____4____toomuchfoodmayfacefines(罰款)ofupto10,000yuan.Andtheyshouldremindpeopletoorderthe____5____amountoffood.Besides,peopleareencouragedtofinishallthefoodonthediningtable.Nowmanypeopleshowtheirsupportfortherulebysharingphotosandvideosofempty____6____online.AndmanyChinesepeoplehave____7____thehabitoftakingleftovers(吃剩的食物)home.Thepurposeofintroducingtheruleisnotto____8____anybody,buttoavoidfoodwaste.Wastingfoodisnotjustawasteofmoney,butmore.____9____,itisawasteofresources(資源).It’snecessarytocreateanenvironmentallyfriendly_____10_____.Inaword,thereisnoexcuseforwastingfood.1．A．leaders B．winners C．guests D．officers2．A．simple B．serious C．possible D．different3．A．changed B．a(chǎn)ccepted C．created D．returned4．A．sell B．order C．cook D．taste5．A．same B．total C．large D．proper6．A．chairs B．bowls C．buses D．rooms7．A．expected B．broken C．discovered D．developed8．A．punish B．a(chǎn)llow C．invite D．understand9．A．naturally B．similarly C．importantly D．interestingly10．A．society B．family C．school D．company（2021·廣東廣州·?？级＃㊣tisacoldanddrywintermorning.Whenyou___11___,yousuddenlyfeelthatyourthroathurts.Youbegintosneezeandlateryoumaycough.Youmusthaveacold!Waitasecond.Coulditjustbea___12___coldorthefluthat'sbeengoingaround?Acoldgivesyouarunnynoseandcough.Butit'susuallyeasyto___13___with.Sometakemedicinesuchasaspirin(阿司匹林)___14___otherstryhometreatmentslikeherbalteaorchickensoup.Usuallyyoufeelbetterafteraweek.Thefluontheotherhandcanbemuchmore___15___.Itusuallygivesyoufever.Sometimesitcanbedeadly.Theworstflu,theso-calledSpanishFluof1918to1919,killedabout50millionpeople,accordingtoTheAtlantic.Don'tworry.Gettingafluvaccine(流感疫苗)can___16___youfromthevirus.Fluvaccinesworkbygivingthebodyasmallamountoffluviruses.Thiscausesourbodytodevelopantibodies（抗體).___17___nexttimeyougettheflu,theantibodiescanhelpprotectyou.Unfortunately,thefluvirus___18___everyfewyears.Therefore,therearesomanytypesofflu,suchasH1N1andH5N1.Theantibodiesforonetypeofflucan'tprotectusagainstalltypesofflu.That's___19___weneedtogetthevaccineeveryyear.However,goodhealth____20____mayalsohelptopreventacoldorflu.Washingyourhandsoftenhelpsprotectyoufromviruses.Gettingregularexerciseandeatinghealthyfoodisalsoimportant.Allthesecanhelpyoustrengthenyourimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng)).11．A．standup B．turnup C．giveup D．wakeup12．A．common B．little C．popular D．strange13．A．a(chǎn)gree B．deal C．meet D．start14．A．because B．a(chǎn)fter C．until D．while15．A．interesting B．familiar C．dangerous D．smooth16．A．protect B．leave C．recover D．draw17．A．So B．Unless C．Since D．As18．A．stops B．changes C．spreads D．kills19．A．how B．when C．whether D．why20．A．clubs B．customs C．habits D．hobbies（2022·河北石家莊·統(tǒng)考三模）Ifafriendhelpsyoualot,whatdoyoudoinreturn?Youcouldjustsay“thanks”,oryoucouldwritea(an)___21___notewhichismorepolite.Butmostpeopledon’tdothis.Whydon’tpeoplelike___22___thank-younotes?Andhowdomostpeoplereact(反應)whenthey___23___one?KumarfromUniversityofTexasmadeastudyofit.Heaskedeachstudenttowriteathank-younotetoanotherperson___24___email.Then,theyquestionedboththewriterandtherecipient(接受者)aboutthenoteandhowitmadethemfeel.Theyfoundtherewereseveral___25___forpeoplenottowritethank-younotes.Theyfeelliketheyhavetothinktoomuchaboutit.They___26___whattosayandhowtosayit.Theyalsooverthinkthe“correctness”ofwhattheyarewriting.Butpeople___27___likereceivingthank-younotes.“Asrecipients,theypayattentiontothe___28___ofthethank,”Kumarsays.“Besides,they(recipients)feelpositive(積極的)___29___theywerereceivingtheseexpressions.”Ifpeopleknewthatwritingathank-younotecanhavesuchabiginfluenceontherecipient,theywoulddoitmore___30___.Kumaradds.Kumarsaysthisstudytoldusthat“simple,smallchangesinoureverydaylivescanmakeabigdifferenceinhowwetreatotherpeopleandhowwefeel.”21．A．a(chǎn)dvice B．thank-you C．instructions D．sale22．A．reading B．copying C．finding D．sending23．A．write B．hear C．receive D．offer24．A．by B．in C．a(chǎn)t D．for25．A．forms B．reasons C．skills D．uses26．A．carefor B．takedown C．worryabout D．makeup27．A．easily B．recently C．finally D．really28．A．warmth B．time C．result D．spirit29．A．before B．when C．if D．though30．A．seldom B．hardly C．often D．usually（2022·山東淄博·統(tǒng)考一模）COVID-19outbreakdrivesthegeneralpublictotakemeasurestoprotectthemselves.InmanyAsiancountriesit’s___31___toseepeoplewearingmasks(口罩)inpublic.However,thispracticeisalmostunheard-ofinmanyWesterncountries.InmanyAsiancountries,peoplewithcoldsare___32___towearmaskstopreventothersfromgettingsick.Somepeoplewithallergies(過敏癥)feelthatwearingmaskshelpsthembreathebetter.Maskshave___33___becomeafashionaccessory(配飾).Somepeoplelikethemysterious___34___masksgivethem,whileothersenjoythefeelingofprivacytheyprovideinpublic.However,inmostWesterncountries,masksareonlywornbyhospitalworkersand___35___.Ifyouwearoneinpublic,peoplemightfinditunusualormayworrythatyouhaveaterribledisease.What’smore,masksaren’tusuallythoughtasawayto___36___illness.Instead,moreattentionispaidonhandwashing,andpeoplewhoaresickareencouragedtostayhome.Inadditionin___37___likeFrance,Italy,andAustria,itisactuallyagainstlawstowearamaskinpublic.Thelawstrytostoppeoplefromhidingtheirfacesforpublicsafety.Thisis___38___wearingamaskwouldmakeitmoredifficultforthepolicetofindacriminal.Somecountries___39___wearingmasksonlyinhigh-ricksituations,suchaspubliceventsorprotests.Inothers,wearingamaskanywhereinpubliccouldverywellresultinafine(罰款).Asyoucansee,masksaretreatedvery____40____inAsiaandtheWest.Whileculturaldifferencesliketheseareimportanttoavoid,weshouldalltrytounderstandandrespecteachothernomatterwhat.31．A．common B．difficult C．special D．comfortable32．A．refused B．remembered C．encouraged D．disagreed33．A．still B．a(chǎn)lso C．instead D．yet34．A．sound B．taste C．smell D．look35．A．patients B．students C．teachers D．players36．A．develop B．reach C．prevent D．find37．A．villages B．towns C．cities D．countries38．A．a(chǎn)lthough B．because C．unless D．until39．A．a(chǎn)llow B．a(chǎn)ccept C．study D．believe40．A．easily B．importantly C．differently D．carefully（2022·河北·模擬預測）CustomersintheUSspendlessmoneyonBlackFridaythanprevious(以前的)years.BlackFridayisthedayafterThanksgivingintheUS.Thanksgivingisalwaysthefourth____41____inNovember.BlackFridayistraditionallythedaywhentheChristmasshoppingperiodbegins.Itisusuallyoneofthe____42____daysoftheyearforsellers.Manysellers____43____theirpricestoencourageshopperstospendtheirmoney.Somecustomersarriveatstoresbeforetheyopen,andwaitinlineforachancetobuy____44____things.Lastyear,Americans____45____atotalof$57.4billionoverthefourdays(fromThursdaytoSunday).However,thisyear,expertsthinkthattheamountwill____46____toaround$50.9billion.BlackFridaystartedintheUS,buthasbecomemorepopularinother____47____recently.ManycustomersfromtheUKhavestartedspendingmoremoneyonBlackFriday,eventhoughBritishpeopledon'tcelebrateThanksgiving.OnlinesellerAmazonUKsaidthatFridaywasitsbusiestdayever.Accordingtothe____48____,customersbought5.5millionproductsonFriday,whichwasaround64thingspersecond.ManystoresintheUKalsoofferedcheap____49____,suchasTVs,coffeemachinesandotherelectronicproducts.Insomestoresshoppers_____50_____toleavethestore,eventhoughalloftheproductshadalreadybeensoldout.41．A．Monday B．Tuesday C．Wednesday D．Thursday42．A．busiest B．coldest C．quietest D．longest43．A．raise B．rise C．reduce D．change44．A．heavy B．big C．cheap D．special45．A．made B．spent C．took D．paid46．A．increase B．a(chǎn)dd C．drop D．get47．A．cities B．mountains C．towns D．countries48．A．website B．study C．story D．diary49．A．vegetables B．products C．fruits D．snacks50．A．hoped B．decided C．refused D．tried（2020·江蘇蘇州·統(tǒng)考一模）WhenIgothometheotherday,Ifoundalovelyredenvelope(信封)waitingforme.Itwasanotefromafriendofmine,congratulating(祝賀)meonmynewbook.Itwas___51___unexpectedandjoyful.Ina___52___worldwhereeveryoneistoorushedforeverything,herearesomewaysthatyoucanbeamorewonderfulhuman:RediscoversnailmailAndnotjustforlife’sbigevents.Consider___53___onesyoucanstickastamponandsendlovetoward.Maybesomeonelosttheirdog,andyouwanttoexpressyour___54___.Maybeaclassmatedidsomethingbrave,andyouwanttoshowgratefulnessorthanks.SmileanddialWhenwasthelasttimeyou___55___someonetowishthemahappybirthday,togetwellortosaythankyou?Textmessagesaregreat.Butwhensomeonepicksupthephone,youheartheirvoiceandcansharealaugh(orevenacry)together,andit___56___anemoji(表情符號)anydayoftheweek.Asksomeonetheirgoals+givealittlesomethingAsksomeoneabouttheirgoalsfortheyearisaverygenerousact.Thiskindofquestiongoes___57___surface(表面的)conversationandleadsyoutoreallygettoknowaperson.Askjustoutofcuriosity.Besides,givethemsomethingthatmighthelpthem:abook,aconnection,orevenjustafewwordsof___58___.ShareyourblessingsImadeapromiseearlierthisyeartogivealittlemoneyeverymonthtocharity.I___59___myselfoftenofsomethingthatAnneFrankwrote:“Howwonderfulitisthat____60____needwaitasinglemomentbeforestartingtoimprovetheworld.”Thepower’salwaysours.51．A．completely B．carefully C．correctly D．peacefully52．A．lazy B．busy C．crazy D．silly53．A．luckier B．better C．smaller D．stranger54．A．sadness B．carelessness C．happiness D．illness55．A．a(chǎn)sked B．told C．mistake D．called56．A．loses B．shuts C．steals D．beats57．A．through B．beyond C．a(chǎn)cross D．for58．A．encouragement B．development C．government D．instrument59．A．reach B．record C．remind D．remember60．A．everybody B．nobody C．a(chǎn)nybody D．somebody（2022·江蘇常州·統(tǒng)考一模）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ResearchersatChinaAerospaceScienceandIndustryCorphavedevelopedandmadetheworld’sfirstrobotwhaleshark,whichhasbeen__61__inanaquarium(水族館)atShanghaiHaichangOceanParkinthecity’sPudongNewAreasinceJanuary.Thewhalesharkisaslow-movingcarpetsharkandthelargestknownlivingfish.__62__andbuiltbyengineersattheShenyang-basedNo.111Factory,theunderwaterrobotis4.7meterslong,___63___350