國(guó)際商法體系(1)

國(guó)際商法體系2024/2/71Definitionof定義

InternationalCommercialLawInt.Commerciallawreferstothebodyofrulesandnormsgoverninginternationalcommercialtransactionsandcommercialorganizations.International:InvolvingMorethanOneNation

Parties

當(dāng)事人Object

對(duì)象Act

行為2024/2/72ScopeofInternationalCommercialLawCommercialOrganizations;商事組織Contracts;

合同ContractonSalesofGoods;

貨物買賣合同Agency; 代理Transportationininternationaltrade;貨物運(yùn)輸Insurance; 貨物保險(xiǎn)Financingininternationaltrade; 融資NegotiatingInstrument 票據(jù)支付IntellectualPropertyProtection; 知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)TechnologyTransfer;

技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓Competition; 競(jìng)爭(zhēng) ProductLiability; 產(chǎn)品責(zé)任DisputeSettlement;

爭(zhēng)端解決

andsoon. 其他2024/2/73HistoricalDevelopment

ofInternationalCommercialLaw起源于中世紀(jì)：商人法/LawMerchant/(習(xí)慣法)(國(guó)際性)17世紀(jì)開始：商法成為國(guó)內(nèi)法的一個(gè)部分20世紀(jì)下開始：商法以國(guó)際條約的形式出現(xiàn)發(fā)展軌跡：國(guó)際性-國(guó)內(nèi)法-國(guó)際性2024/2/74MajorSourcesof法律淵源

InternationalCommercialLaw

InternationalTreatiesandConventions

國(guó)際(商事)條約和公約

(Municipal)DomesticLaw國(guó)內(nèi)(商)法

InternationalCommercialCustomsandUsages國(guó)際商事慣例和風(fēng)俗

InternationalModelLaw國(guó)際(商事)示范法2024/2/75InternationalTreatiesandConventions

國(guó)際條約和公約SaleofGoods:TheUnitedNationsConventiononContracts(貨物買賣)ofInternationalSalesofGoods1980(CISG)SeaCarriageofGoods:HagueandVisbyRules(1924and1968)(海上貨物運(yùn)輸) 海牙-維斯比規(guī)則

HamburgRules(1978)漢堡規(guī)則Arbitration:TheConventionontheRecognitionandEnforcement(商事仲裁)ofForeignArbitralAwards1958(NewYorkConvention)LegallyBindingontheSignatoryStates.對(duì)締約國(guó)有法律約束力2024/2/76MunicipalLaw/Domestic

Law國(guó)內(nèi)法

-大陸法系(CivilLawSystem)

商法以商法典的形式單獨(dú)存在-民商分立國(guó)家：

e.g.:法國(guó)商法典；德國(guó)商法典；日本商法典商法存在于民法典內(nèi)或單行法內(nèi)–民商合一國(guó)家：瑞士,意大利，中國(guó)(公司法；合同法；民法通則；反不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法;專利法等)；-英美法系(CommonLawSystem)商法存在于判例和單行成文法中e.g.英國(guó)：CaseLaw(為主)/公司法票據(jù)法(補(bǔ)充)

美國(guó)：CaseLaw+各州立法/UniformCommercialCode為各州基本采用LegallyBindingintheMunicipalJurisdictions.在國(guó)家司法管轄范圍內(nèi)有法律約束力。2024/2/77LegalSystemsintheWorld

法律體系(大陸法系/英美法系)2024/2/78CommercialCustomsandUsages

商事慣例與習(xí)俗

InternationalCommercialTerms2000(INCOTERMS2000)國(guó)際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則

UniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits(UCP600)跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例ICC:InternationalChamberofCommerce國(guó)際商會(huì)NotNecessarilyLegally-Binding不當(dāng)然具有法律約束力2024/2/79ModelLaw示范法UNIDROITPrinciplesofInternationalCommercialContracts(UNIDROITPICC)

國(guó)際統(tǒng)一私法協(xié)會(huì)：國(guó)際商事合同通則UNCITRALModelLawonInternationalCommercialArbitration

聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易法委員會(huì)：國(guó)際商事仲裁示范法Non-BindingUnlessEnactedintoLaw.除非被立法者采用，否則沒有法律約束力。

2024/2/710法律效力LegalEffect

Itisonestate’sresponsibilityofinternationallawtocomplywiththeinternationaltreatiestowhichitisacontractingparty. 條約必須遵守原則Internationaltreatiestakepriorityoverdomesticlaw.Inthecaseofinconsistencies,internationaltreatiesprevailoverdomesticlaw. 條約優(yōu)先適用原則Customsandusagesarenotlawbynature,theyareonlylegallybindingonthepartieswhochoosetobeboundbythem.However,intheabsenceofagreement,theCourtcanstillchoosetoenforcecustomsandusagesasitseesfit.2024/2/711條約優(yōu)先原則在國(guó)內(nèi)法中的體現(xiàn)TheU.S.:

[…]allTreatiesmade,orwhichshallbemade,undertheAuthorityoftheUnitedStates,shallbethesupremeLawoftheLand;andtheJudgesineveryStateshallbeboundthereby,anyThingintheConstitutionorLawsofanyStatetotheContrarynotwithstanding.不管……還是–ArticleVIoftheU.S.Constitution2024/2/712條約優(yōu)先原則在國(guó)內(nèi)法中的體現(xiàn)中國(guó)：《民事訴訟法》第236條：中華人民共和國(guó)締結(jié)或者參加的國(guó)際條約同本法有不同規(guī)定的，適用該國(guó)際條約的規(guī)定，但中華人民共和國(guó)聲明保留的條款除外?！睹穹ㄍ▌t》第142條：中華人民共和國(guó)締結(jié)或者參加的國(guó)際條約同中華人民共和國(guó)的民事法律有不同規(guī)定的，適用國(guó)際條約的規(guī)定，但中華人民共和國(guó)聲明保留的條款除外。中華人民共和國(guó)法律和中華人民共和國(guó)締結(jié)或者參加的國(guó)際條約沒有規(guī)定的，可以適用國(guó)際慣例。2024/2/713KeyQuestionsforReviewWhatdoesInternationalCommercialLawregula