2023年3月中級(jí)口譯考試真題完整版含答案

2023年3月中級(jí)口譯考試真題完整版（含答案）SECTION1:LISTENINGTEST(45minutes)PartA:SpotDictationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearapassageandreadthesamepassagewithblanksinit.Fillineachoftheblankswiththewordorwordsyouhaveheardonthetape.WriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.RememberyouwillhearthepassageONLYONCE.Goodafternoon,folks.Today’stopicis“TryJoggingforFitness”.Whenwerunforfitness,exercise,andpleasure,itiscommonlycalledjogging.Jogging(1)inrecentyears.Thepopularityofjoggingtodaystemsfrom(2).First,joggingisoneofthemostefficientformsofexercise.Asarule,apersonjogging(3)morecaloriesperminutethaninmostothersports.Running,likebiking,swimmingand(4),isanaerobicexercise.Suchanexerciseusesagreatdealofoxygen.Inaddition,itincreases_______________(5).Aerobicexercisestrengthenstheheartmusclesothatit(6).Thiskindofexerciseisalsooneofthebestwaystoimproveourgeneralhealthand(7)ofourlungs.Joggingisalsopopularbecausealmosteveryoneofus(8).Joggingisanactivitythatdoesn’trequire(9)orspecialcoordination.Joggingis(10).Finally,itcanbedonealone,withanotherperson,orinagroup.Foranyonewhorunsmorethan(11)aweek,itisimportanttohavegoodrunningshoes.Tennisshoesorsneakerswon’tdo.Runningproducesstressthatis(12)thanthestressofwalking.Withthisaddedstressto(13),weneedgoodshoes.Theshoesshouldbereplacedwhenthey(14)orwornunevenly.Coldweatherposesfewproblemsforusjoggers.Themainhazardin(15)isslippingoniceorsnow.Thereisnodangeroffreezingourlungs,becauseourbody(16)beforeitreachesourlungs.Inwinterweshouldbesureto(17)andkeepourfeetasdryandwarmaspossible.It’sbesttowear(18).Insummer,wemustbecarefulnottodryout.Soitisimportantforusto(19)onhot,humiddays.Thebestsummerwearisloosefittingand(20).PartB:ListeningComprehension1.StatementsDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearseveralshortstatements.ThesestatementswillbespokenONLYONCE,andyouwillnotfindthemwrittenonthepaper;soyoumustlistencarefully.Whenyouhearastatement,readtheanswerchoicesanddecidewhichoneisclosestinmeaningtothestatementyouhaveheard.ThenwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.1.(A)Let’scallitadayandcontinueourtalktomorrow.(B)I’mhungrynow.Canwediscussitafterthedinner?(C)Iwishwecouldreachanagreementtomorrowmorning.(D)Letmeremindyouthatweshouldsignitassoonaspossible.2.(A)Weatherisdifficulttoforecast.(B)Theheatwaveisabouttoend.(C)Ididn’theartheweatherforecastfortoday.(D)It’sgoingtobequitehotthesedays.3.(A)Peterbarelyunderstandswhathehears.(B)Peterseldomthinksabouthisownactions.(C)Peterusuallydoesn’tfinishwhathestarts.(D)Petergenerallydoesn’ttolerateothers’ideas.4.(A)ManycitycentersinEuropeareaccessibletopedestriansonly.(B)ManycitiesinEuropearetoocrowdedwithpeopletoallowaccessforcars.(C)ManytouristsvisitingEuropefinditdifficulttorentasecond-handcar.(D)ManylocalresidentsinEuropeancitiessupportabanoncarsincitycenters5.(A)Lawyersarethemostaffluentofallprofessionals.(B)Lawyersarealwaysawkwardandcometonoavailinasuicidalcase.(C)Lawyersaremorelikelytobecomedepressedandcommitsuicide.(D)Lawyersarelikeactorsoractresseswhohavetoputupashowonthestage.6.(A)Mostpeopletakemedicinewhentheyhaveapainintheirbrain.(B)Mostheadachesaresymptomsofailmentsoutsidethebrain.(C)Itisfoundthatstorytellingcanmakeyourheadacheslesspainful.(D)Ifyouhurtotherpartsofyourbody,youwillfeelthepaininyourbrain.7.(A)Forlanguagelearners,theInternetenvironmentlacksreal-lifesocialfactors.(B)LearningalanguagethroughtheInternetmayproduceremarkableeffects.(C)LanguagelearnerscanusethelanguageappropriatelyintheInternetenvironment.(D)Learningtoprotectourenvironmentisbecominganinternationalissueformankind.8.A)RecentstatisticsshowthatAmericanwomenspendonethirdoftheirincomeonfood.(B)Americanwomenaremorelikelytogoanddineinrestaurantsorfast-foodshops.(C)NowadaysoneineverythreeAmericanspreferstoeatinrestaurantsorfast-food(D)TodaymoreAmericansdineoutbecausetheyhavemorejobsandmoremoney.9.(A)Primaryschoolpupilsarelikelytobecomegoodfriendsforlife.(B)Roommatearrangementsoftendon’tworkoutevenforintimatefriends.(C)Livingunderoneroofforalongerperiodoftimebringsaboutaclosefriendship.(D)Mostpeopledon’tbelievein“Afriendinneedisafriendindeed”.10.(A)Workhasnowbecomeamajorsocializinginfluenceforwomen.(B)Womencanenjoytheirnewlifestylesbytakingcareofsmallchildren.(C)Mostmotherswithchildrenquittheirjobstobecomefull-timehousewives.(D)Thereislittlechanceforwomentobepresentedfairlyinthiscommunity.2.TalksandConversationsDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearseveralshorttalksandconversations.Aftereachofthese,youwillhearafewquestions.ListencarefullybecauseyouwillhearthetalkorconversationandquestionsONLYONCE.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefouranswerchoicesandchoosethebestanswertothatquestion.ThenwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Questions11—1411.(A)Agift.(B)Apicture.(C)Afile.(D)Somemoney.12.(A)Theaccountingoffice.(B)Thevice-president’soffice.(C)Jack.(D)MrsCarter.13.(A)Itistobesignedbythepresidenthimself.(B)Itisfromtheexecutivevice-president’soffice.(C)Itisaboutchangesintheaccountingprocedures.(D)Itistobetransferredtotheaccountingofficeatonce.14.(A)Gototheexecutive’soffice.(B)Handinhisresignation.(C)Lookthroughthewoman’sfiles.(D)Asksomeoneforhelp.Questions15—1815.(A)Workinginatravelagency.(B)OrganizingaBBQparty.(C)TeachingEnglishtoChinesestudents.(D)LearningChinese.16.(A)Cats.(B)Dogs(C)Cows.(D)Birds.17.(A)Becausetheycouldgetsomefood.(B)Becausetheyarefriendly.(C)Becausetheyneedcompany.(D)Becausetheywanttobeprotected.18.(A)Sacredibis.(B)Blackcrows.(C)Whiteparrots.(D)Colorfulparakeets.Questions19—2219.(A)Physics.(B)Calculus.(C)Composition.(D)Biology.20.(A)Heislazy.(B)Heisboring.(C)Heiswonderful.(D)Heishumorous.21.(A)Heisabletosavealotofmoneyfromit.(B)Itpayswellandthehoursareflexible.(C)Itisinterestingandthepayisgood.(D)Hisco-workersarecongenialandcooperative.22.(A)ToattempttotransfertoProfessorAtkins’class.(B)Tocutbackonhisclasses.(C)Togetajobatthelibraryshelvingbooks.(D)TodrophisAccountingcourse.Questions23—2623.(A)Bowandkeepyoureyeonthebusinesscard.(B)Takeitone-handedlyandstuffitinapocket.(C)Usetwohandsandstudythecardcarefully.(D)Readitaloudtoshowyourattentionandrespect.24.(A)BecausehepresentedgiftsinsetsoffourstotheJapanesebusinessmen.(B)BecausehefailedtopaydueattentiontotheJapanesebusinessmen’scards.(C)BecausehisbusinesscardwasnottreatedrespectfullybytheJapanesebusinessmen.(D)BecausehisbusinesscardhadsomeerrorswhichwerediscoveredbytheJapanesebusinessmen.25.(A)China.(B)America.(C)Honduras.(D)India.26.(A)Nativepottery.(B)Maplesyrup.(C)Toyclocks.(D)Amishhandicrafts.Questions27—3027.(A)LightEngineer.(B)PersonnelManager.(C)ChemistryAnalyst.(D)NewsEditor.28.(A)InaLondonfirm.(B)Inachemicalcompany.(C)AtLeedsLightingFactory.(D)AtYorkshireEngineering.29.(A)HeisthePersonnelManager.(B)Heisslowtorespondtonewideas.(C)Hegetsalongwellwithhiscolleagues.(D)Hemoveswiththetimes.30.(A)He’dlikemorescopeforputtingnewideasintopractice.(B)He’dlovetoworkforsomeonewhoisunderstanding.(C)Helongsforworkandentertainmentinthecapital.(D)Heisofferedamuchhigherpayforthejob.PartC:ListeningandTranslation1.SentenceTranslationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear5sentencesinEnglish.YouwillhearthesentencesONLYONCE.Afteryouhaveheardeachsentence,translateitintoChineseandwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2.PassageTranslationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear2passagesinEnglish.YouwillhearthepassagesONLYONCE.Afteryouhaveheardeachpassage,translateitintoChineseandwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Youmaytakenoteswhileyouarelistening.(1)(2)SECTION2:STUDYSKILLSDirections:Inthissection,youwillreadseveralpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsbasedonitscontent.YouaretochooseONEbestanswer,(A),(B),(C)or(D),toeachquestion.AnswerallthequestionsfollowingeachpassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthatpassageandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Questions1—5Thefirstpermanentshelterswereprobablybuilttwentyorfortythousandyearsagobyfish-eatingpeoplewholivedintheplacesaslongasthefishsupplylasted.Fish-eaterscouldstayinoneplaceforseveralyears.However,oncemanlearnedtofarm,hecouldlivelongerinoneplace.Thus,hewasabletobuildapermanenthome.Onceagain,hebuilthishomewiththematerialshefoundathand.InEgypt,forexample,woodwasscarce,somosthouseswerebuiltofbricksmadeofdriedmud,witharoofsupportedbytreetrunks.WhentheNorsemencamefromScandinaviatonorthernEurope,theyfoundmanyforests,sotheybuilthomeswithaframeworkofheavytreetrunksandthenfilledthespacebetweenthetrunkswithclay.TheEskimos,ontheotherhand,livedinalandwheretherewaslittleornowood.Theylearnedtoadapttheirhomesperfectlytotheirsurroundings.Inthewintertime,wheneverythingwascoveredwithsnowandice,theEskimosbuilttheirhomeswithblocksofice.Whenthewarmweathercameandmeltedtheice,theEskimoslivedinatentmadeofanimalskins.Theweatherisman’sworstnaturalenemy.Hehastoprotecthimselffromextremesofheatandcoldandfromstorms,windandrain.Wheretherearetorrentialrains,housesareeitherbuiltonpilestokeepthemofftheground,ortheyhavesteepthatchedroofstodrainofftherain.PeoplelivingintheCongoRiverregionhavefoundthatsteep,heavily-thatchedroofsdrainoffthejunglerainsmorequickly.Protectionfromdangerhasalsoinfluencedthetypeofhousemanbuilds.Whenenemiesthreatenedhim,manmadehishouseasinaccessibleaspossible.Thetree-dwellersofthePhilippinesprotectthemselvesbylivinghighabovetheground.Whendangerthreatens,theyremovetheladdersleadingtotheirhomes.ThecliffdwellersoftheAmericanSouthwestbuilttheirhomeshighuponthesidesofcliffs,whereaccesswasverydifficult.Nomadtribesmustmovefromplacetoplace,takingcareofflocksofsheepthatarealwaysinneedoffreshgrass.Theirhousesmustbesimpleandeasytotransport.ThenomadsofcentralAsiahavedevelopedahousemadeofaframeworkofpolescoveredwithfelt.Thehouseisroundbecausetheframeworkiscurved,andthereisaholeatthetoptoletthesmokeout.1.Accordingtothepassage,theNorsemenwhocametonorthernEuropebuilttheirhouseswith__________.(A)rocksandwood(B)woodandclay(C)woodenroofsandstonewalls(D)woodenwallsandthatchedroofs2.Man’smosturgentneedinbuildingahouseisprotectionfrom__________.(A)enemies(B)floods(C)earthquakes(D)theweather3.Thepassagesuggeststhatahousewithasteepslopingroofismorelikelytobefound__________.(A)inawindycountry(B)inarainycountry(C)nearthecoast(D)inthedesert4.Whendangerthreatens,thetree-dwellersofthePhilippines__________.(A)takeawaytheirladders(B)bombardtheenemyfromabove(C)pullupthebridgeovertheirmoat(D)winduptheropesleadingtotheirhomes5.Accordingtothepassage,thenomadtribesofcentralAsialivein__________.(A)tents(B)treehouses(C)smallhousesofclay(D)roundhousesoffelt【參照答案】1.B2.D3.B4.A5.DQuestions6—10EmmaWaydidnotbecomeafigureofcontemptforBritishcyclistsbecauseshenudgedTobyHockleyoffhisbicycleandintoahedgeasshedrovepasthimonacountrylaneonMay19.No,sheachievedthatinfamybyconfessingtohercrimeonline.“Definitelyknockedacyclistoffhisbikeearlier,”Way,22,tweetedafterthecollisionthatleftHockley,29,withabruisedbodyandthestatusofamartyrforBritain’scyclists.“Ihaverightofway—hedoesn’tevenpayroadtax!”SheendedwithahashtagpopularwithtweetingBritishmotorists:#bloodycyclists.ItwasthetweetheardaroundtheroadsofBritainanditresultedinWay’sbeingconvictedinNovemberofdrivingoffenses,losingherjobasatraineeaccountantandacknowledgingincourtthatthecommentrated“11outof10”onthestupidityscale.Inaninterviewonnationaltelevisionafterherconviction,shenotedthatsincethestorybroke,shehadbeencyberbulliedandhadreceived“maliciouscommunications.”WhatshedidnotsaywasthatshewassorryforknockingHockley,achef,offhisbike.“Iwasquiteangryatthemannerismofthecyclistontheroad”,shesaid.“Mypointofviewisthathewasonmysideoftheroad—that’snotthewayyoudrive.”Waytostokethefire,Ms.Way.Bycontinuingtopintheblamefortheincidentonthecyclist,theyoungdriverfellfurtherintoanalreadyconsiderablechasmthatdividesmodernBritain.TheBBClastyearfeaturedanhourlongdocumentary—withlotsoffootageofragingcyclistsandcabdrivers—whosetitleexplainedthesituationsuccinctly:WaronBritain’sRoads.Itwasn’tentirelyanexaggeration:peoplearedyinginthisconflictbetweencyclistsanddrivers.LondoninNovemberseemedlikeaparticularlydangerousplaceforthetwo-wheeledcombatants.Sixcyclistswerekilledinlessthantwoweeks,amountingtollchronicledinincreasinglymournfulheadlines.Sixinafewdaysisalot;thetotalkilledthisyearinBritain’scapitalis14.Thedeathssparkedaboutofpublicrecrimination.WhenLondon’sMayorBorisJohnson,himselfacyclist,appearedlessthansympatheticafterthefifthdeath—hetoldaradiohostthatsomeofthedeadcyclists“havetakendecisionsthatreallydidputtheirlivesindanger”—hewastransformedfromcyclingchampiontoheartlesspro-carpoliticianandjoinedWayasatargetoftheparticularlypassionatefurythatcyclistscanmuster.TheangerhasbecomepoliticalinBritain,asithasinmanycountrieswhosegovernmentsencouragecitizenstocycleratherthandrivetowork,tolessentheimpactontheenvironmentandontraffic.JohnsonhasarguablydonemorethananypreviouspoliticianforLondoncyclists,establishinga$1.6billionfundtomakecyclingsaferinthecityandappointingLondon’sfirstcyclingcommissioner.EventhoughthenumberofcyclistdeathsinLondonhasbeendroppingsteadilyinthepasttwodecades,thedemandfromcyclistsforthecitytoadaptgrowsasthenumberofbikesontheroadgrows.Asdoestheparticularlypassionatefurythatcyclistscanmuster.WhetherornotJohnsonisrightthatsomeofthecyclistswhodiedrecentlywerebreakingthelaw,allofusmakeaverypersonaldecisionaboutriskingourlivesbygettingonourbikes.Andweshouldknowthatwhenweignoreredlightstogetaheadofthetraffic,orgettooclosetotrucksorbusesbecausewefeelit’sourrighttobethere,thenwearemakingamistakeevendumberthanEmmaWay’stweet.Inthewarofthecyclistvs.thedriver,thedriverwillnearlyalwayscomeoutalive.Lesssothecyclist.6.Accordingtothepassage,whohadbeencyberbulliedandhadreceivedmaliciouscommunications?(A)TobyHockley.(B)BorisJohnson.(C)EmmaWay.(D)Acyclingcommissioner.7.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueintheconflictbetweencyclistsanddrivers?(A)Londonseemedlikeaparticularlydangerousplaceforthecyclists.(B)14cyclistswerekilledinlessthantwoweeksinLondon.(C)Thedeathsofcyclistssparkedaboutofpublicrecrimination.(D)Peoplearedyinginthisconflictbetweencyclistsanddrivers.8.London’sMayorhasestablisheda$1.6billionfund__________.(A)toencouragecitizenstocycletowork(B)tobuildmorebikelanesinLondon(C)tolessentheimpactontheenvironment(D)tomakecyclingsaferinLondon9.Accordingtothepassage,arashofaccidentsinvolvingcarshasmadeLondon’sbicyclists__________.(A)outraged(B)alarmed(C)cautious(D)cyberbullied10.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?(A)CycleratherthanDrivetoWork(B)WatchyourCyclingManners(C)PedalatYourOwnPeril(D)LessentheImpactonTraffic【參照答案】6.C7.B8.D9.A10.CQuestions11—15Educatorshaveknownfor30yearsthatstudentsperformbetterwhengivenone-on-onetutoringandmasterylearning—workingonasubjectuntilitismastered,notjustuntilatestisscheduled.Successalsorequiresmotivation,whetherfromaninnerdriveorfromparents,mentorsorpeers.Willtheriseofmassiveopenonlinecourses(MOOCs)quashthesesuccessfactors?Notatall.Infact,digitaltoolsofferourbestpathtocost-effective,personalizedlearning.IknowbecauseIhavetaughtbothways.ForyearsSebastianThrunandIhavegivenartificial-intelligencecoursesatStanfordUniversityandotherschools;welectured,assignedhomeworkandgaveeveryonethesameexamatthesametime.Eachsemesterjust5to10percentofstudentsregularlyengagedindeepdiscussionsinclassorofficehours;therestweremorepassive.Wefelttherehadtobeabetterway.So,inthefallof2023,wetriedsomethingnew.Inadditiontoourtraditionalclassroom,wecreatedafreeonlinecourseopentoanyone.Onourfirsttry,weattractedacity’sworthofparticipants—about100,000engagedwiththecourse,and23,000finished.InspiredbyNobellaureateHerbertSimon’scommentthat“l(fā)earningresultsfromwhatthestudentdoesandthinksandonlyfromwhatthestudentdoesandthinks,”wecreatedacoursecenteredonthestudentsdoingthingsandgettingfrequentfeedback.Our“l(fā)ectures”wereshort(two-tosix-minute)videosdesignedtoprimetheattendeesfordoingthenextexercise.Someproblemsrequiredtheapplicationofmathematicaltechniquesdescribedinthevideos.Otherswereopen-endedquestionsthatgavestudentsachancetothinkontheirownandthentohashoutideasinonlinediscussionforums.Ourschemetohelpmakelearninghappenactively,ratherthanpassively,createdmanybenefitsakintotutoring—andhelpedtoincreasemotivation.First,asshownina2023studyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSA,frequentinteractionskeepattentionfromwandering.Second,asWilliamB.WoodandKimberlyD.Tannerdescribeina2023LifeSciencesEducationpaper,learningisenhancedwhenstudentsworktoconstructtheirownexplanations,ratherthanpassivelylisteningtotheteacher’s.Thatiswhyaproperlydesignedautomatedintelligenttutoringsystemcanfosterlearningoutcomesaswellashumaninstructorscan,asKurtvanLehnfoundina2023meta-analysisinEducationalPsychologist.Afinalkeyadvantagewastherapidimprovementofthecourseitself.Weanalyzedthejunctureswhereourthousandsofstudentssucceededorfailedandfoundwhereourcourseneededfine-tuning.Betterstill,wecouldcapturethisinformationonanhour-by-hourbasis.Forourclass,humanteachersanalyzedthedata,butanartificial-intelligencesystemcouldperformthisfunctionandthenmakerecommendationsforwhatapupilcouldtrynexttoimprove—asonlineshoppingsitestodaymakeautomatedrecommendationsforwhatbookormovieyoumightenjoy.Onlinelearningisatool,justasthetextbookisatool.Thewaytheteacherandthestudentusethetooliswhatreallycounts.11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?(A)Differentsourcesofmotivationforstudents’success.(B)Effectiveone-on-onetutoringandmasterylearning.(C)Personalizedmassiveopenonlinecoursesforstudents.(D)Considerableimprovementofthecollegecourses.12.Theword“quash”(para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______.(A)intensify(B)inspire(C)cancel(D)discount13.Whentheauthorandhiscolleagueofferedtheirfirstonlinecourse______.(A)itattractedabout100,000cityresidentstostudy(B)itcreatedaclimateofpassivityforintrovertedstudents(C)itwasdesignedforbothstudentsandworkingadults(D)itwasattendedbyagreatnumberofstudents14.The“l(fā)ectures”intheMOOCsaremeantforthestudentsto______.(A)doandthinkactivelyontheirown(B)makeupforwhattheymissinclassrooms(C)getfrequentfeedbackfrommentorsandpeers(D)focusonwhattheyneedmost15.Onewayonlinecoursesaresimilartoonlineshoppingsitesisthat______.(A)theymakerecommendationsforwhatusersdonext(B)theyfunctionautomaticallyforthousandsofyoungstudents(C)theyareaboontocomputer-savvystudentsandshoppers(D)theyupdatetheircontentsonanhour-by-hourbasis【參照答案】11.C12.C13.D14.A15.AQuestions16—20Mostpeoplehaveseenbulliesinaction,makinglifemiserableforothers.Theirtargetsoftenescapetheintimidationrelativelyunharmed,butsometimesitistoomuchtobear.Thatcanbetruewhetherthevictimisa12-year-oldgirlora136-kilogramAmericanfootballplayer.AmemberoftheMiamiDolphinslefttheNationalFootballLeagueteamrecentlybecausehewasrepeatedlyinsultedandthreatenedbyateammate,RichieIncognito.ManyfansweredisgustedbydetailsofIncognito'sexpletive-filledvoicemailandtextmessages,whileothersdefendedhisbehaviorasanaturalpartofarough-and-tumblesport.SomepeopleareastonishedthatJonathanMartin,whois1.95meterstall,“couldactuallybeemotionallydamagedbytauntsfromateammate,”thecolumnistTimothyEganwroterecentlyinTheTimes.“Canyoupossiblyhurtahulkwithwords?”Basedonhisownexperienceplayingfootballinhighschool,Mr.Eganarguesthatyoucan.Hewassmallerthantheotherguysandhadabig,unrulyheadofhairthatmadehimstandout.Histeammatestauntedhim.“Didithurt?Yesitdid,”hewrote.“Iknewverywellwhatitfeltliketogivesomuchtoagameandhavepeoplewhowerepartofit,histeammates,hurthim.”Bulliesaren’tallmen.TheTimesreportedrecentlythatscientistshadmadebigstridesinunderstandingaggressionbyyoungwomen.“Theexistenceoffemalecompetitionmayseemobvioustoanyonewhohasbeeninahighschoolcafeteriaorsinglesbar,”JohnTierneywrote,“butanalyzingithasbeendifficultbecauseittendstobemoresubtleandindirect(andalotlessviolent)thanthemalevariety.”Researchersfoundthatwomenweremorelikelytomakemeancommentsaboutotherwomeniftheysawthemascompetitionformaleattention.Inanexperiment,agroupoffemalecollegestudentsreactednegativelywhenawomanwearingalow-cutblouseandashortskirtenteredtheroom,whiletheybarelynoticedthesamewomandressedinaT-shirtandjeans.?Butinperhapsonedifferencebetweenthesexes,insteadofconfrontingthewomandirectly,theothersmadefunofheronceshelefttheroom.?”Womenareindeedverycapableofaggressingagainstothers,especiallywomentheyperceiveasrivals,”saidDr.TracyVaillancourt,apsychologistattheUniversityofOttawa.Forthoseonthereceivingendwhoareyoungorotherwisevulnerable,thedamagecanbetragic.InSeptember,a12-year-oldgirlinFloridanamedRebeccaAnnSedwickkilledherselfafterothergirlsbulliedheronline.Shewenttoanabandonedcementplant,climbedtoaplatformandjumped.“Rebeccabecameoneoftheyoungestmembersofagrowinglistofchildrenandteenagersapparentlydriventosuicide,atleastinpart,afterbeingmaligned,threatenedandtauntedonline,”TheTimesreported.Andteenagersaren’tjustusingFacebookorInstagramtopickononeanother.Newapplicationsappearconstantly,makingitdifficultforparentstokeeptabsontheirchildren’sactivity.Rebecca’smother,TriciaNorman,didn’tknowherdaughterwasreceivingmessagesthatsaid:“You’reugly”and“Canudieplease?”“Youhearaboutthisallthetime,”Ms.Normansaidofcyberbullying.“Inever,everthoughtitwouldhappentomeormydaughter.”16.HowdidJonathanMartinreactwhentauntedandinsultedbyhisteammate?(A)Heremainedsilentatfirstandthenchallengedthebullytoafight.(B)Hetooknonoticeofthetauntsandinsultsfromhisteammate.(C)Hecouldnolongerputupwiththebullyingandlefttheteam.(D)Heacceptedthebullyingasanaturalpartofarough-and-tumblesport.17.Whichofthefollowingistypicaloffemalebullying?(A)Confrontingthevictimindirectly.(B)Causingthevictimtodieintheend.(C)Makingfunofthevictimwithnastywords.(D)Makingmeancommentsaboutthevictim’sclothes.18.Accordingtothepassage,TriciaNorman’sdaughter______.(A)isapretty,lovelygirl(B)usesFacebookorInstagramalot(C)committedsuicidebecauseofcyberbullying(D)usedtoisolateherselffromherclassmates19.Parentsareoftenkeptinthedarkabouttheirchildrenbeingbulliedbecause______.(A)theirchildrenhavenocouragetotellthemaboutit(B)parentsarenotinvolvedintheirchildren’sactivities(C)bullyingistoocommontocatchparents’attention(D)bullyingisindirectandisusuallyconductedonline20.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthepassage?(A)Intimidationcandamagethevictimemotionallyandphysically.(B)Bullyingcancomeinallshapesandsizes.(C)Tauntingislimitedtophysically