2024年牛津譯林版英語中考信息還原解題技巧講解

中考信息還原解題技巧講解【題型綜述】信息還原題目屬于技巧性很強的題型，對于學生的邏輯分析能力，主旨總結能力都有很高的要求。做這一類題目一定要借助自己已有的篇章分析能力，分析句子的功能，分析詞匯在篇章中出現(xiàn)的概率，從而指導我們去解題?！窘忸}技巧1】首段段末類句型【講前演練】分析下列兩篇信息還原的原文的開頭，并指出黑體部分的句子有什么共同之處。文章一：（2023上·江蘇連云港）Preexamstressisoneofthebiggestproblemsinstudents’lives.Itmakesyoufeelbadandstopsyoufromthinkingclearly.Herearesometipstohelpyoulowerthestressofexams.FeelluckyaboutwhatyouhaveSomepeoplearealreadylucky.Buttheyjustdon’tknowit.Insteadofgivingallyour...Trysomethingnew.Luckdoesn’tjusthappentoyou—itestoyouwhenyou’reopen.Learninganewskill...AskforhelpifnecessarySometimespeoplewouldbereadytohelpyouout.Ifyouareintrouble....文章二：（2022上·江蘇蘇州·九年級星海實驗中學?？计谀〢sparents,beingagoodlistenertokidsshouldbealongjourney.Herearesomewaystoimprove.Beasincerelistener.Whenyourchildistalking,givehereyecontact.Atthesametime,payattentiontoherwords,feelingsandbodylanguage.Startsmall.Insteadofaimingtolistentoourchildforanhourortwo,startwithagoalofspendingfiveminutesadaylisteningtoeachother.Askopenendedquestions.Closedquestionscanbeansweredwith“yes”or“no”,andclosethedoorofmunication.Openquestionsdon’thavearightorwronganswer.Theyencouragethinkingandmunication.Forexample,insteadof“Doyouhaveagoodtimeatschooltoday?”,try“Whatwasyourfavouritepartofday?”or“Whatwoulditbeliketohavewingsinsteadofarms?”仔細分析上面的兩篇文章的首段段末的句子，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)這些句子的功能多為承上啟下，如文章一種的herearesometipstohelpyoulowerthestressofexams.既和上文中提到的stress相關，其中的tips又很好的總結歸納了后文中所提到的一些建議。因此，在選擇首段段末的句子時，我們多選這種承上啟下的總結性的句子，如：Herearesomesuggestions/ways/advice/tips...【對點練習1】解答第1題（2022上·江蘇宿遷）HowCanYouCreateLuckinEverydayLife?Whatisluck?Itisagreedthatmoregoodthingshappentosomepeople.Let’sjustcallthatluck.Nowwouldyouliketobeoneoftheseluckypeople?____________1_________Feelluckyaboutwhatyouhave_____________2________Buttheyjustdon’tknowit.Insteadofgivingallyourattentiontowhatyouareshortof,lookathowluckyyouarealready.Nodoubtyouhavesomewonderfulfriends,andaroofoveryourhead._________3____________Luckdoesn’tjusthappentoyou—itestoyouwhenyou’reopen.Learninganewskill,visitinganewplaceandtryinganewhobbyaregreatwaysofcreatingyourchances.DoitrightnowYou’llnevercreateanyluckifyousittherewaitingforittofallintoyourlap(大腿).____________4_________Youwillfindyoucreatemoreluckineverydaylife.AskforhelpifnecessarySometimespeoplewouldbereadytohelpyouout.______5___________don’twaitforotherstoofferyouhelpbutgoandaskthemiftheywillgiveyouahand.A．TrysomethingnewB．Trysomespecialthings.C．IfyouareintroubleD．Whenyouarebusy.E．Somepeoplearealreadylucky.F．Acttowardsyourgoalsatonce.G．Herearefourtopsuggestionsforcreatingyourownluck.【解題技巧2】小標題類句型【講前演練】分析下列兩篇信息還原的原文的小標題，并指出這些句子有什么共同之處。文章一：（2023上·江蘇連云港·九年級統(tǒng)考期末）Preexamstressisoneofthebiggestproblemsinstudents’lives.Itmakesyoufeelbadandstopsyoufromthinkingclearly.Herearesometipstohelpyoulowerthestressofexams.FeelluckyaboutwhatyouhaveSomepeoplearealreadylucky.Buttheyjustdon’tknowit.Insteadofgivingallyour...Trysomethingnew.Luckdoesn’tjusthappentoyou—itestoyouwhenyou’reopen.Learninganewskill...AskforhelpifnecessarySometimespeoplewouldbereadytohelpyouout.Ifyouareintrouble....文章二：（2022上·江蘇蘇州·九年級星海實驗中學?？计谀〢sparents,beingagoodlistenertokidsshouldbealongjourney.Herearesomewaystoimprove.Beasincerelistener.Whenyourchildistalking,givehereyecontact.Atthesametime,payattentiontoherwords,feelingsandbodylanguage.Startsmall.Insteadofaimingtolistentoourchildforanhourortwo,startwithagoalofspendingfiveminutesadaylisteningtoeachother.Askopenendedquestions.Closedquestionscanbeansweredwith“yes”or“no”,andclosethedoorofmunication.Openquestionsdon’thavearightorwronganswer.Theyencouragethinkingandmunication.Forexample,insteadof“Doyouhaveagoodtimeatschooltoday?”,try“Whatwasyourfavouritepartofday?”or“Whatwoulditbeliketohavewingsinsteadofarms?”分析上面的小標題就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，小標題類句型特點無外乎三個，即1.短小精悍2.動賓結構3.多為祈使句，因此日常在做說明文的小標題類的題目時要注意這三個特點?！緦c練習2】解答第3題（2022上·江蘇宿遷）HowCanYouCreateLuckinEverydayLife?Whatisluck?Itisagreedthatmoregoodthingshappentosomepeople.Let’sjustcallthatluck.Nowwouldyouliketobeoneoftheseluckypeople?____________1_________Feelluckyaboutwhatyouhave_____________2________Buttheyjustdon’tknowit.Insteadofgivingallyourattentiontowhatyouareshortof,lookathowluckyyouarealready.Nodoubtyouhavesomewonderfulfriends,andaroofoveryourhead._________3____________Luckdoesn’tjusthappentoyou—itestoyouwhenyou’reopen.Learninganewskill,visitinganewplaceandtryinganewhobbyaregreatwaysofcreatingyourchances.DoitrightnowYou’llnevercreateanyluckifyousittherewaitingforittofallintoyourlap(大腿).____________4_________Youwillfindyoucreatemoreluckineverydaylife.AskforhelpifnecessarySometimespeoplewouldbereadytohelpyouout.______5___________don’twaitforotherstoofferyouhelpbutgoandaskthemiftheywillgiveyouahand.A．TrysomethingnewB．Trysomespecialthings.C．IfyouareintroubleD．Whenyouarebusy.E．Somepeoplearealreadylucky.F．Acttowardsyourgoalsatonce.G．Herearefourtopsuggestionsforcreatingyourownluck.【解題技巧3】巧用代詞【講前演練】分析選項E和F項中的代詞，并猜測選項中的代詞可能會代指何種事物。Straightorarched(彎的),thickorthineyebrowseinmanyshapesandsizes.Butwhatareeyebrowsevenfor?Theydon’tkeepuswarmlikeourhair,orhelpusbreathelikeournoses.1ResearchersfromtheUniversityofYorkintheUKbelievethateyebrowshelpedusmunicatebetterwhenwewerestillevolving(進化).Earlyhumanshadlargebrowridges(肩骨).Thishelpedthemshowtheirstrength.Later,asthehumanfaceevolvedtobeesmallerandflatter(更扁平的),oureyebrowsallowedustoexpressplex(復雜的)emotions,aswellasbetterunderstandothers’emotions,TheGuardianreported.2Thisisasignthatsomeoneiswillingtointeract(互動)withothers.Whilepullingoureyebrowsupinthemiddleisanexpressionofsympathy(同情),PennySpikinsfromYorkUniversitytoldTheDailyTelegraph.Ifyoustillfindthishardtounderstand,justdrawasimplefaceonapieceofpaperanddrawalineabovetheeyes.3Youwillfindthatitisveryeasytoshowanger,fearorsurpriseonaface.4Theycanalsoprotectoureyes.Theirarchedshapecanhelptomoverainorsweataroundtothesidesofourfaces,keepingoureyesdry,theBBCreported.Togetherwithoureyelashes(眼睫毛),eyebrowscanalsohelptokeepdustandotherthingsoutofoureyes.5Inthatcase,someresearchersbelievethatwewouldhaveevolvedsameotherfacialfeaturetoperformthesamefunctions(功能).Thatcouldmakeuslookquitedifferent.A．Forexample,aquickflashoftheeyebrows.B．Let’stakerollingone’seyesasanexample.C．Whatifwedidn’thaveeyebrows?D．Youcandrawlinesindifferentshapesanddirections.E．Sowhydowehavethem?F．Butthisisnottheonlypurposeofoureyebrows.G．Eyebrowsstopsweatfromingdownintotheeyes.任何一篇信息還原的選項中，一定會有代詞，有的甚至34個選項中都有代詞，我們可以通過這樣的指示關系，或者代詞的單復數形式等，帶到原文中，從而快速選出答案。（但是注意一定要細心，上文中可能不止一次出現(xiàn)過代詞，做題的時候不要出現(xiàn)任何的指導錯誤。）【對點練習3】Youngpeopleareoftenunhappywhentheyarewiththeirparents.1..Theyoftenthinkparentsaretoostrictwiththem,andtheyarenevergivenafreehand.

Parentsoftenfinditdifficulttowintheirchildren'strustandtheyseemtoforgethowtheythemselvesfeltwhentheywereyoung.2..It'soneoftheirwaystoshowthattheygrowupandtheycandowithanydifficultthings.Olderpeopleworrymoreeasily.Mostofthemplanthingsaheadanddon'tliketheirplanstobechanged.

3.

,youwillhavebettersuccessifyouaskbeforeyoureallystartdoingit.Youngpeopleoftenmaketheirparentsangrybytheclothestheywant,themusictheyenjoyandsomethingelse.4..Theyjustfeelthatinthiswaytheycanbecutofffromtheoldpeople'sworldandtheywanttomakeanewcultureoftheirown.Andiftheirparentsdon'tliketheirmusicorclothesortheirmannerofspeech,theyoungpeoplewillfeelveryunhappy.Sometimesyouevendon'twantyourparentstosay“yes”towhatyoudo.5.

.Ifyouplantocontrolyourlife,you'dbetterwinyourparentsoverandtrytogetthemtounderstandyou.Ifyourparentsseethatyouhavehighsenseofresponsibility,theywillcertainlygiveyoutherighttodowhatyouwanttodo.A.Buttheydon'tmeantocauseanytroubleA.Buttheydon'tmeantocauseanytroubleB.YouwillfeelverydisappointedC.WhenyouwantyourparentstoletyoudosomethingD.Theysaythattheirparentsdon'tunderstandthemE.YouwanttostayathomealoneanddowhatyoulikeF.Forexample,youngpeopleliketodothingswithoutmuchthinking【解題技巧4】內容一致【講前演練】思考黑體部分為什么是正確答案？Askopenendedquestions.Closedquestionscanbeansweredwith“yes”or“no”,andclosethedoorofmunication.Openquestionsdon’thavearightorwronganswer.DongRuoTuoTu:Beabletomoveasquicklyandeasilyasarabbitthathasbrokenloose(掙脫).Itisusedtodescribeactingfast.Oneofthebiggestthingsiswhenpeoplebeeparents,theylikeworryingaboutthings.Theyworryabouteverythingaboutyoufromthetimeyouwereborn.Theydoalotforyou,thoughsomethingwouldmakeyouangrybecausetheycareaboutyouandworryaboutyou.Theyworryaboutthefriendsyouchoose,thefoodyoueat,yourworkatschool,howmuchsleepyouget,etc.每一段落都有每一段段落的中心詞匯（出現(xiàn)頻率最高的詞匯），文章和段落都會緊緊的圍繞著這個中心詞匯來展開論述，因此在日常做題的時候，我們要先將中心詞匯找出來，并結合選項中的內容找到和這個中心詞匯內容一致的詞匯，他們分別是：1.同義詞2.反義詞3.同籌詞4.同構詞【對點練習4】Today’steenshavegrownuponline.1Theydohomeworkonline.Andsurelytheygettheirnewsonline.ButbecausetheyaresofortablewiththeInternet,theyseldomquestionthenewsstoriesonline.NowWilliamColglazier,ahistoryteacheratahighschoolinAmerica,isteachinghisstudentshowtothinkcritically(批判性地)aboutonlineinformationandrecognizeafake(假的)newsstory.Hisideacamefromastudyonpeople’sonlinereasoning(推理)atStanfordUniversity.2Mostmiddleschoolstudentsinthestudycouldnottellthedifferencebetweenanadvertisementandanewsstory,andhighschoolandcollegestudentsfullytrustedthewebsitesendingin“.org”.Thegoodnewsisthat,accordingtoColglazier,onceteensrealizethey’vebeencheated,theyhavestrongwilltotelltruthfromlies.“3andhowtorecognizewhenothersusepoorargumentation(論據),”hesaid.SomeoftheadvicethatColglazieroffershisstudentsincludesmovingoffthesitetofindmoreinformationaboutthesite,thewriter’smotivations(動機)andtheorganizationbehindthenewsstory.4Hehopesmorekidswouldthinkcriticallywhentheyreadnewsonline.“5”hesaid.“Ifpeoplecan’ttellrealnewsfromfakenews,theresultscanbefrightening.”A．TheInternetisbothbeautifulandugly.B．Theymakefriendsonline.C．Thestudyfoundthatyoungpeoplelackabilitytotelltruthfromlies.D．ThestudyfoundthatyoungpeoplelackabilitytoreasonabouttheinformationontheInternet.E．TheInternetisbetweenbeautifulandugly,F．ColglaziersharedsomeofhiscourseswithotherteensinTeenVogue.G．Buttheyneedsomeadviceonhowtofindevidence(證據).【解題技巧5】邏輯一致利用因果，總分，轉折關系解題（2022上·江蘇蘇州·九年級統(tǒng)考期末）根據短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項來補全短文。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Inmoderntimes,peopleoftentakeaspirin(阿司匹林)whenhavingaheadache.Isitamodernmedicine?11Morethan4,000yearsago,peopleuseddriedleavesasamedicinetotreatpain.AndinthefourthcenturyB．C．,peoplemadetreebark(樹皮)intoamedicinetotreatfevers.Inthenineteenthcentury,peoplediscoveredthatbothmedicineshavethesamechemical(化學物).12Itisaspirin,oneoftheworld’scheapestandmosthelpfulmedicines.13Forexample,TuYouyou,aChinesemedicalresearcher,foundthatinthepast,peopleusedaherb(草本植物)withyellowflowerstotreatfevers.14Itsavedmillionsofpeoplefromdying.15Buttoday,scientistsarestudyingtraditionaltreatmentstodevelopnewmedicines.A．Theyusedthechemicaltomakeamodernmedicine.B．Infact,ithasalonghistory.C．Themedicinecouldpreventpossibledanger.D．Forcenturies,westernmedicinepaidlittleattentiontotraditionalChinesemedicine.E．Therehasbeengreatprogressintechnology.F．Afterstudyingit,shedevelopedanewmedicine.G．SomemedicineswetaketodayefromtraditionalChinesemedicine.句子和句子之間存在著邏輯方面的關系，如總分，轉折，【對點練習】（2022上·江蘇宿遷）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Lotsofpeoplefindithardtogetupinthemorningandputtheblameonthealarmclock.Infact,thekeytoeasymorningwakeupliesinresettingyourbodyclock.31Hereishowtomakeone.32Inordertomakeachange,youneedtodecidewhyit’simportant.Doyouwanttogetupintimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,getinsomeexercise,orjustbebetterpreparedforyourday?Onceyouareclearaboutyourreasons,tellyourfamilyaboutthechangeyouwanttomake.Rethinkmornings.Nowthatyouknowwhyyouwanttowakeup,considerrearranging（重新安排）yourmorningactivities.Ifyouwanttimetohavebreakfastwithyourfamily,savesometimethenightbeforebysettingoutclothes,shoes,andbags.33That’saquarterhourmoreyoucouldbesleepingifyouboughtacoffeemakerwithatimer.Keepyoursleep/wakeschedule（日程安排）onweekends.Ifyou’retiredoutbyFridaynight,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butpensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsintoyoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.34Kееparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou’vetriedanewmethodforaweek,takealookaty