話題拓展07.植樹(shù)造林與森林保護(hù)(原卷版)

07.植樹(shù)造林與森林保護(hù)一、閱讀理解1Recently,Chinahasannouncedthelistofthefirstfivenationalparks.Eachofthemisdividedintotwoparts—thecoreprotectionareaandthegeneralcontrolarea.Inthecoreprotectionarea,onlyresearchandsurveillance(監(jiān)視)inscienceareallowed.Andthegeneralcontrolareaisopentothepublic,allowingtravelactivitiessuchascampingandhiking.Inthefuture,nationalparksareexpectedtobenaturalclassrooms.Peoplecanlearnaboutdifferentkindsofanimalsandplantsthroughecofriendlytravelactivities.ThreeRiverSourceNationalParkontheQinghaiTibetPlateauisthelargestnationalparkinChina.BecauseitishometothesourcesoftheYangtze,YellowandLancangrivers,peoplecallit“China’swatertower”.NortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalParkisinHeilongjiangandJilinProvinces.Itcoversanareaof14,100squarekilometers.Itisourcountry’sbiggestandonlyplaceforwildSiberiantigersandAmurleopardstolivein.WuyiMountainNationalParkinFujianProvinceisaUNESCOnaturalandculturalheritagesite.Theforestmakesupover96percentofthepark.Theparkistheparadiseofbirds,kingdomofsnakesandworldofinsects.YoucanalsoseetheDanxialandformthere.GiantPandaNationalParkconnectspandahabitatsinSichuan,ShaanxiandGansuProvinces.Insidetheparkaremorethan1,600wildgiantpandas.Theymakeupover70percentofthepandasinChina.HainanTropicalRainforestNationalParkisthelargesttropicalforestinChina.Therearemorethan400kindsofplantsthatcanonlybefoundinHainan.1.Whichiscalled“China’swatertower”?A.ThreeRiverSourceNationalPark. B.NortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalPark.C.GiantPandaNationalPark. D.HainanTropicalRainforestNationalPark.2.Theunderlinedword“paradise”means________.A.aperfectplace B.ahappyfeelingC.agoodexample D.asweetsmile3.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?A.ThreeRiverSourceNationalParkisthelargestnationalparkinChina.B.NortheastChinaTigerandLeopardNationalParkcoversanareaof14,100squarekilometers.C.Therearemorethan1,600wildgiantpandasinGiantPandaNationalPark.D.Morethan400kindsofplantsandanimalscanonlybefoundinHainan.4.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Thebeautifulscenesofnature B.ThehomeofanimalsandplantsC.Theintroductiontothefivenationalparks D.Therelationshipsamongthefivenationalparks2Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest—anareaaboutthesizeofIceland—becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,somescientistspredicttheworld’sforestscoulddisappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewoodlikeplantmaterialsinalab.Thismakesitpossibleto“grow”awoodenproductwithoutcuttingdowntrees.Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.Thesecellsareculturedinliquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedtoanothermediumwhichcontainsnutrientsandtwodifferenthormones.Byadjustingthehormonelevels,theresearcherscantunethephysicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells.Next,theresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethecellbasedmaterial,andlettheshapedmaterialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally,theresearchersdehydratethematerial,andthenevaluateitsqualities.Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded,opencellsoflowerdensity,whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswithsmallerbutdensercellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplantmaterialssofterormorerigid,helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwoodlikecharacteristics.What’smore,it’stobenotedthattheresearchprocessisabout100timesfasterthanthetimeittakesforatreetogrowtomaturity!Researchofthiskindisgroundbreaking.“Thisworkdemonstratesthegreatpowerofatechnology,”saysleadresearcher,JeffreyBerenstain.“Therealopportunityhereistobeatitsbestwithwhatyouuseandhowyouuseit.Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirementsyougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.Itenablesusto‘grow’anywoodenproductinawaythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan’tachieve.”5.WhydoresearchersatMITconducttheresearch?A.Togrowmoretrees. B.Toprotectplantdiversity.C.Toreducetreelosses. D.Topredictforestdisappearance.6.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutthelabresearch?A.Itstheoreticalbasis. B.Itskeyprocedures.C.Itsscientificevidence. D.Itsusualdifficulties.7.Whatdoesthefindingsuggestabouttheplantmaterials?A.Thehormonelevelsaffecttheirrigidity.B.Theyarebetterthannaturallygrownplants.C.Theircells’shapesmainlyrelyontheirdensity.D.Theirgrowthspeeddeterminestheircharacteristics.8.WhyistheresearchgroundbreakingaccordingtoBerenstain?A.Itusesnewbiologicalmaterialsinlabexperiments.B.Itrevolutionizesthewaytomakewoodenproducts.C.Itchallengestraditionalscientifictheoriesinforestry.D.Ithasasignificantimpactonworldwideplantgrowth.3It’sreportedthatabout20percentoftheAmazonrainforesthasdisappearedduringthepast50years.DeforestationisnotonlythreateningthemillionsofuniqueplantandanimalspeciesnativetotheAmazonRiverarea,it’saffectinghumansworldwide.WhenitestotheprotectionoftheAmazon,it’shardformanypeopletorelatebecausetheydon’tfeelconnectedtothearea.Thereareactuallyalotofdirectconnections,nomatterhowfarawayweare.Aconnectionthataffectseveryoneontheplanetisclimate(氣候)change.PlantingnewtreesintheforestisbasicallyawayofremovingCO2fromtheair.Rainforestshaveacarbon(碳)reductionnearlyequaltohalfofwhatisintheair.AbouthalfofthatisintheAmazon.AnothercaseinpointisabigsnakecalledthebushmasterthatlivesintheAmazon.Today,millionsofpeopleusemedicinesmadefromitsvenom(毒液)totreathighbloodpressure.Sotheyhavelonger,fuller,andmoreproductivelives.Inthe1960s,therewasonlyonehighwayintheentireAmazon.That’sanareaaslargeasthecontinentalUnitedStateswithonehighwayandthreemillionpeople.Today,therearebetween30millionto40millionpeople,countlessroads,andabout20percentforestshavebeencutdown.Butontheplusside,50yearsagotherewereonlytwonationalparksandanationalforestandareserveinBrazil.Today,morethan50percentoftheAmazonisundersomeformofprotection.“There’sbeenalotofdamagedoneandforestlost,butnothingisgoneuntilit’sgone”,notedNationalGeographicexplorerDr.ThomasLovejoy.“Wewanttoseemoresharedplanningbetweenthedepartmentsoftransportation,energy,agriculture,andtheotherindustriesinthearea.WethinkAmazoncitiescanhavehigherqualityoflifeandkeeppeopleinexistingcitiessothere’slessreasontodeforest.”9.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“Deforestation”inparagraph1?A.Plantingmoretrees. B.Destroyingtheforests.C.Protectingthespecies. D.Pollutingtherivers.10.WhatmightthepartiallossoftheAmazonrainforestleadto?A.Theincreaseofextremeweather. B.TheremovalofCO2.C.Morepeoplewithhighbloodpressure. D.Theovergrowthofthebushmaster.11.Howdoesparagraph3mainlydevelop?A.Bymakingparisons. B.Bylistingreasons.C.Byexplainingadefinition. D.Bymakingasummary.12.WhatisDr.Thomas’attitudetowardsthefutureoftheAmazonrainforest?A.Doubtful. B.Worried. C.Positive. D.Uncaring.4PacificCoastRangeStretchingalongthewestcoastofNorthAmericafromnorthernCaliforniatoAlaska,theforestsfoundalongthePacificCoastRangearethelargestareaoftemperate(溫帶的)rainforestintheworld.Theforestsarehometothecoastredwood,theworld’stallesttree.Acrosstheregion,theforestunderstory(林下葉層)iswetandheavilyvegetated.TaiheiyoEvergreenForestsFoundinsouthernJapan,theyaretemperaterainforestsofevergreenbroadleaftrees.Theforestscanreceivemorethan100inchesofraineveryyear.TheforestsarecoveredbyJapanesecedarandJapanesestoneoak,whilemosobambooprisetheunderstory.TheextentoftheTaiheiyoforestshasbeenreducedduetodevelopmentandagriculture.Today,17%oftheremainingforestisprotectedbynationalparksandotherreserves.AtlanticOakwoodForestTheAtlanticOakwoodForestcoversthewettestpartsoftheUnitedKingdom.Aspeciesofoaktree(橡樹(shù))calledsessileoakoccupiesthelandscape.Unlikeothertemperateforests,theseforeststendtohaveanopenunderstoryofgrasses.Muchofthehistoricalrangeoftheforesthasgiventoagricultureandotherdevelopment,thoughthathaschangedinrecentdecades.ValdivianTemperateRainforestThisforestisfoundonthewestcoastofChileandArgentina,onthewet,westernslopes(斜坡)oftheAndesmountainrange.Withthecoastlinetothewest,thepeaksoftheAndestotheeast,andtheAtacamaDeserttothenorth,theregionsupportsanumberofplantandanimalspeciesfoundnowhereelseintheworld.Uniquely,theforestiscoveredbyevergreenfloweringtrees,whicharenativetoChileandlittleknownoutsidetheregion.13.Whichofthefourforestareasoccupiesthemostland?A.PacificCoastRange. B.TaiheiyoEvergreenForests.C.AtlanticOakwoodForest. D.ValdivianTemperateRainforest.14.WhatdoTaiheiyoEvergreenForestsandAtlanticOakwoodForesthaveinmon?A.Theyhaveopenunderstorygrasses. B.They’rehometoextremelytalltrees.C.They’reofgreathistoricalsignificance. D.Theyusedtobeaffectedbyagriculture.15.WhatisuniquetoValdivianTemperateRainforest?A.Wetclimate. B.Coastallocation.C.Evergreenfloweringtrees. D.Wellprotectednationalparks.5Overthepast45years,farmerFuBenfahasplantedcountlesstreesonbarren(不毛的)mountainsnearQilitavillageinSuizhou,Hubeiprovince.Thetaskwouldhavebeenachallengeforanablebodiedperson,letaloneapersonwithparalysis(癱瘓).Fu,65,wasparalyzedinanaccidentinJanuary1978.Newsaboutgreendevelopmentthroughmeasuressuchasexpandingforestsintheprovincecaughthisattention.Hegottheideathathemightbeabletocontribute.Fu’sparentsstronglydisagreedbecauseofhispoorphysicalcondition.Butheinsisted.Hisfatherfinallyacquiescedandmadehimaspecialshovel(鐵鍬)andstrawmat(草席).Inthewinterof1978,Fucametoabarrenmountainandbeganthetaskthatwouldoccupyhimfordecades.Hesatonthestrawmatandtriedtodigaholetoplantatreein,buthefailedtofinishitafterworkingallday.Hedidn’tgiveup,however,andtriedvariouskindsofmovementsuntilhebecamemoreefficient.Everydayhespentmorethan12hoursonthemountain.Afteramonth,hehadsuccessfullyplanted18trees,13ofwhichsurvived.Threemonthslater,hehadplantedmorethan300trees,mostofwhichsurvived.Overthenext30years,Fubroughtgreencolortofivemountainsaroundhisvillage.Withthehelpoflocalgovernments,aforestprotectionvolunteerserviceteamwassetuptocarefullyprotectandguardthegreenmountains.Afteryearsofstudyandexploration,Fuhasgainedrichexperienceandtakenadvantageoftechnology.Hehastaughtmorethan200nearbyfarmers,freeofcharge,toincreasetheirinesbyplantingtrees.RecenthealthproblemshaveslowedFudown.HehasbeenrecoveringathomesinceFebruary.“Nowitisdifficultformetocontinueplantingtreesinthemountains,butIwillalwaysguardthisforest,”hesaid.“Iwillneverchangemydream.”16.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“acquiesced”inParagraph2mean?A.Quit. B.Agreed. C.Argued. D.Opposed.17.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoexpressinParagraph3?A.FuBenfawasfarsighted. B.FuBenfasufferedlittle.C.FuBenfawasphysicallypoor. D.FuBenfawasstrongwilled.18.WhydidFuBenfateachnearbyfarmerstoplanttrees?A.Tobettertheirlife. B.Todrawtheirinterest.C.Tofindmorehelpers. D.Tomakemoreprogress.19.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.PlantingTreesChangedtheWorldB.FuBenfaHelpedFarmersintheVillageC.AnAblebodiedManAmazedtheCountryD.For45Years,aParalyzedManPlantedManyTrees6Wildfires,whenallowedtoburninareaswithouthumandevelopment,cancontributetotherestorationofthesurroundingwatershed(集水區(qū)),renewalofthesoil,andresettingtheclockfortheecosystem.Manyforestscannotsustainthemselveswithoutnaturalwildfire,includingpinebarrens,lodgepolepineforestsandmanymore.Theseforestsrequirecanopyfires,whichprimarilyaffecttheupperlayerofplantsinaforest,toreproducebecausethetreesintheforestareadaptedtoonlyproduceseedsfollowingamajorfireevent.Hence,firescanberestorativefortheforest,andwithoutthemmanyoftheseforesttypeswoulddeclineonthelandscape.Howisafirerestorativeforthewatershed?Itrestoresinmanywaysincluding,butnotlimitedto,improvingwaterquality,offeringhabitatforinsectsthatserveasfoodforfish,promotingthegrowthoffireadaptedplants,etc...Nottomentionrenewalofthesoilchemistrywhichisvitaltotheforestandthewatershed.(Myattitudeisthatofsomeonewhohasstudiedwildfireandstreamssincethedisastrous1988Yellowstonewildfires.)Thesciencebacksuphownaturalwildfirecanbefavorablethroughresearchpublicationafterpublication.It’slike“resettingtheclock”ontheecosystem,allowingittosmoothlyalloveragainforanother200years.Bytheway,acanopyfiresuchasYellowstonein1988alsoresultsinthereproductionofyoungertreesafterfirewhichacttostopthespreadandprogressofapotentiallydestructivewildfireimmediately.Withoutit,futurewildfiresareverylikelytobeebiggerandbigger.Thebottomlineisthatwemayneedtoday’snaturalwildfiresonourforestedlandscapetopreventmoreseriousfireeventsinthefuture.Thatlessonwaslearnedin1988Yellowstonewildfireswhichwasayearofdisastrouslargescalefiresdespitemorethan50yearsofthoroughandtightfiremonitoring.20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph2referto?A.Seeds. B.Wildfires. C.Trees. D.Ecosystems.21.Whatisthefunctionofyoungertreesafterwildfires?A.Makingwildfireseasiertobespotted. B.Reducingoccurringratesofwildfires.C.Stoppingamajorwildfireinitstracks. D.Preventingpotentialwildfirespletely.22.Whatcanbelearnedfromthe1988Yellowstonewildfires?A.Weshouldacceptwildlifeonitsownterms. B.FiremonitoringinYellowstonewassuccessful.C.Naturalfiresmayreducetheriskoflargerones. D.Seriouswildfiresarecausedbyhumanactivities.23.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thebeneficialeffectsofwildfires. B.Impactsofwildfiresondevelopment.C.Thenecessityofwatershedpreservation. D.Measurestopreventlargescalewildfires.7Theoreticallysometreescouldliveforever,accordingtoarecentessaythatreviewsgrowingevidenceonlonglivedtrees.Acrosstheboard,treesdonotdiesomuchastheyarekilled,writetheauthorsofthereviewessay.Theirkillersareouterfactorsratherthanoldagealone.Thatis,thereisnoevidencethatharmfulgeneticmutations(基因突變)occurovertimeorthattreeslosetheirabilitytocontinuetogrow.“Treesmightliveforever,butthisdoesnothappen,”sayscoauthorFrancoBiondi.“Treekillersincludeenvironmentalriskssuchasdroughts,wildfires,terribleweatherandhumanbehaviorssuchaswoodcuttingandfiressettoclearforestsforhuntingorgrassland.”Treelongevity(長(zhǎng)壽)interestsresearchersinpartbecausetreesandotherplantsremovecarbonfromtheatmosphere,andoldertreesarethoughttostoremorecarbonthanyoungerones.Theringsofoldtreescanalsoserveasaninvaluablerecordofclimatehistory,withwiderringsindicatingbetteryears.DavidStahle,ageographerandtreelongevityresearcherattheUniversityofArkansas,takesissuewiththebeliefthattreescanpossiblyliveforever.“Thelikelihood,allthingsbeingequal,thattreescanliveforeverseemsunlikelytome,”hesays.Thishypothesis(假設(shè))hasbeepopularinthepast20yearsasresearcherscontinuetoreporthavingfoundlittlegeneticevidenceofaginginextremelyoldtrees.Andthisisoneofthereviewessay’smostimportantpoints.Butevidenceofagingcouldbeoutthereandjustnotyetfound.24.Whatdoestherecentreviewessaymainlyindicate?A.Thereareagreatvarietyoftreekillers. B.Treescouldkeeponsurvivingforever.C.Moretreesdienaturallythanbeingkilled. D.Geneticmutationsstoptreesfromgrowing.25.Whydoestreelongevityinterestresearchers?A.Becausethewaytreesgrowringsismoreinteresting.B.Becausetreesmakeclearerclimaterecordsthanotherplants.C.Becauseoldertreescontributemoretotheenvironment.D.Becauseyoungertreesarelesslikelytohavegeneticmutations.26.WhatisStahle’sattitudetothefindingofthereviewessay?A.Doubtful. B.Uninterested. C.Reserved. D.Favorable.27.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?A.Theassumptionhasbeenprovedtrue. B.Evidenceofagingtreesmightexist.C.Treeresearchhasgrowninthepast20years. D.Somekeypointsdisappearinthereviewessay.8Foodforests,alsoknownasforestgardensoredibleforests,areappearinginurbansettingsacrosstheUSasauniquewaytohelpfoodinsecuremunities.Theyimitatethestructureandfunctioningofnaturalforestecosystemsthatproducevariousedibleplantsforthemunity,whichreducesrelianceonexternalfoodsourcesandpromotesfoodselfsufficiency.Foodforestscanmaximizefoodproductioninagivenarea.Inaregulargarden,you’reprobablyonlyplantingvegetablesalongtheground.Whilethiscanprovideagreatharvest,itleavesalotofspaceunused.Nowimagineyouareplantingafruittree.Ontheshadyside,youaddsomeshadetolerantberries,andonthesunnysideyouaddsomesunlovingberries.Atthebaseofthesunlovingberries,youplantsomeannualvegetablesandherbs.Thisfoodforestwouldresultinatrulysplendidharvestthatwoulddwarfwhataregulargardenthesamesizecouldprovide.Thegeniusofafoodforestliesinitsdesignedcultivationofbeneficialinteractionsbetweendifferentplantspecies.Forinstance,someplantsmightenrichthesoilbyfixingnitrogen,anaturalfertilizerforneighboringvegetation,whileothersnaturallyattractbeneficialinsects,providingabuiltinpestcontrolmechanism.Thesestrategicconnectionsleadtoreduceddependencyonlaborinputsandcreateanenvironmentthatishardyandsustainable.Foodforestsrequireongoingcareandmaintenance,whichofteninvolvestheparticipationofmunitymembers.Thiscooperativeeffortdevelopsasenseofsharedresponsibilityandbringspeopletogethertoworktowardsamongoal.munitymemberscanetogethertolearnaboutplantingtechniques,sustainablegardeningpractices,andthebenefitsofnativeplants.Thissharedlearningexperiencecreatesaplatformforexchangingideasandskills,promotingasenseofselfreliancewithinthemunity.28.Whatarefoodforestsintendedfor?A.ImprovingfoodqualityinAmerica.B.Protectingnaturalforestecosystems.C.Beautifyingtheurbanlivingenvironment.D.Providingfoodsourcesforthemunity.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwarf”inparagraph2mean?A.Strengthen. B.Overshadow. C.Widen. D.Enlarge.30.Whatdoestheexampleinparagraph3indicate?A.Foodforestscanhelpincreasethediversityofspecies.B.Foodforestsrequireconsiderablelaborinputstomaintain.C.Plantsinfoodforestscanbenefitoneanotherinsomeways.D.Thepestcontrolmechanisminfoodforestsisfavorabletosoil.31.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Plantingtechniquesdeterminetheyieldoffoodforests.B.Themaintenanceoffoodforestsiscostlyandplicated.C.Foodforestsserveasabondtobringmunitymemberscloser.D.Foodforestshavebeeapopulargatheringspotinthemunities.9OverlookingtheBibliotecadegliAlberiisMilan’s“Vertical(垂直的)Forest”:tworesidentialtowerblocksbuiltin2014thatarecoveredin800trees,4,500shrubsand15,000plants.Ifthisforestwasplantedontheground,itwouldcover20,000m2—thesizeofthreeandahalffootballfields.Eachyearthetreeswillabsorb10,000tonsofCO2and57tonsofpollutants.Theyshouldalsoproduceabout900tonsofoxygen.Boeri’steamofarchitectssaystheplantswillalsodecreasetheaverageairtemperature,createnoisebarriersandboostbiodiversitybycreatingahabitatforbirds,insectsandsmallanimals.Itisnotjustphysicalwellbeingthatisaidedbylargegreenstructuresinourcities.TheteambehindSydney’s100mhigh“verticalgarden”claimsitisanewformof“l(fā)ivingarchitecture”thatremindsusof“therestorativeimpactthatnaturehasonoursouls”.Justhowrestorativelivingneartreesandplantsisforoursoulsisopentodebate;butstudiesinGermanyhavesuggestedthatitcanbeextremelybeneficialforourbrains.Scientistsexaminedbrainimagesequences(順序)of341elderlyresidentsofBerlin,focusingparticularlyontheamygdala—thepartofthebrainthatcontrolsourfearresponsesandisresponsibleforstressandanxietydisorders.Theyfoundthattherewasstrongconnectionbetweenresidentslivingwithin1kmoftheforestsontheedgeofthecityandthosewiththehealthiestamygdala.Ahealthyamygdalameansbeinglesslikelytosufferfromthestressandanxietydisorderscontrolledbythispartofthebrain.Moodandanxietydisordersareupto56%higherinurbanenvironmentswhenparedtorurallocations.Withtwothirdsoftheworld’spopulationpredictedtobelivingincitiesby2050,Milan’sVerticalForestmightshowtheworldawaytocreatehealthier,happierurbanspaces.32.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Theareaofthecityforest. B.Thewayofbuildingcityforest.C.Thepositiveinfluenceonthecityforest. D.Theexpectedeffectofthecityforest.33.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheVerticalForest?A.Favorable. B.Suspicious. C.Objective. D.Indifferent.34.StudiesinGermanyshowthat______.A.amygdalacontrolsourfearresponsesB.livingnearforestsisbeneficialforoursoulsC.peopleneartheforestsarelesslikelytofeelanxiousD.moreresidentswillliveinVerticalForestinthefuture35.Whichofthefollowingmaytheauthoragreewith?A.Citiesareturningsuitableforpeopletolivein.B.Thereisaworldwidefocusonhowtoimprovebiodiversity.C.Milan’sVerticalForestbeesanexampleofurbanbiodiversity.D.TheVerticalForestcoversthesizeofthreeandahalffootballfields.10OverlookingtheDavis—GantVarsitySoccerField,abedofoverturnedsoilwaitsforfurtherdevelopment.Inafewyears,thisareawillbeeanaturalhabitatandaplaygroundforanimalsandresidents.Thispeacefulareadidn’tappearnaturally,butthroughplanningandactiontakenbyCatlinGabel’sTinyForestprojectlaunchedbyteacherPatrickWalsh.Foreststypicallytakehundredsofyearstomature,withfourstagesofgrowth.“Tinyforestsflattenouttimethroughtheplantingofallfourlayers(層),”Walshexplained.Theendresultisafastgrowing,nativeforestinabout20years.Over600plantsfrom43specieswillbeplantedinthetinyforest,thefirstoneinOregon.Walshwasinspiredtobuildatinyforestafterhearingaboutthisidea,whichemergedinJapanandhastakenholdinNorthAmerica.Hesharedhisvisionwithseniorsinhisclass.TheseniorsresearchedtinyforestsandmadeaproposalresultinginCleanWaterServicesdonating60treesand$5,000fromtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration.Armedwiththeseresources,Walshandthestudentsstartedworking.“SomethingIdidn’treallyexpectwastheoutpouringofstudents’enthusiasm.Seeingstudentsfromallgradesvolunteeredtocontributetothe‘dirtywork’reallyblewmeaway,”Walshsaid.SeniorMeganCoverhasbeenattheschoolsincethefirstgrade.“I’llgraduateafterworkingonthisproject,whichissurelysad,butit’sreallyrewardingandgreattobeapartofthisprojectandtodomybit.We’recreatingthiseducationalspaceformanyyoungkids,”Coversaid.Walshsummeduphisgoaloftheproject,whichistobuildaplacewherestudentscanenjoyandlearnaboutnature.“Theforestwillobviouslynotsolveclimatechange,butitwilldeservetheeffortsifthekidsthinkaboutclimatechangeandremembertheimportanceofreforestationandtreeswhentheylookoutsideattheforest.”36.Whatisspecialabouttinyforests?A.TheyoriginatedinNorthAmerica. B.Theyareusuallyplantedinschools.C.Theycontainvarioustypesoftrees. D.Theybeematureinashortertime.37.WhatsurprisedWalshintheprocessofplantingthetinyforest?A.Theabundanceofnativetreespecies. B.Publicconcernabouttheenvironment.C.Theactiveparticipationofstudents. D.Supportfromlocalorganizations.38.HowdoesMeganCoverfeelabouttheproject?A.Proud. B.Regretful. C.Grateful. D.Disappointed.39.WhatdoesWalshwanttheforesttofunctionasforthestudents?A.Amodel. B.Areminder. C.Aresource. D.Awitness.11Formanypeople,retirementisachancetotakeabreak.NotsoforVictorinLaboudallonfromtheSeychelleswhospendshisdaysplantingforeststofightclimatechange.Whereverthere’saforestfireintheSeychelles,youcanbesureyou’llfindLaboudallonreadytofightback,armedwithseedsandshovels.LaboudalloniswidelyknownacrosstheSeychellesforhisdecadesofenvironmentalactionandhisbigpersonality.Whileplantingtreesinthewetdirt,barefootandlaughing,hesayshissurnamemeans“friendofthemud”inhislocalCreolelanguage.“I’mnotsomebodywholivesunderthebigconcrete.Iliveunderthebeautifultrees,”hesays,pointingaboveattheiconiccocodemerpalm.TheSeychellesisanationof115islands—knownforbeautifulbeachesandbiodiversity—offtheeastcoastofAfrica.Hereclimatechangeisnotadistantprospect,butadailyreality.“We’vegotthesearising,”saysLaboudallon.“Youcanseeplaceswherethereusedtobehouses.Nowtherearenone.Thereissomethingonthisplanetgoingwrong.”NatureenthusiastslikeLaboudallonhavetakenmattersintotheirownhands.Whilegivingatourofhistreenursery,heexplainshowdifferenttypes