介詞導(dǎo)學(xué)案-高三英語一輪語法復(fù)習(xí)

一輪英語語法之四：介詞【預(yù)習(xí)案】什么是介詞介詞（preposition簡寫prep.）又稱作前置詞，表示名詞、代詞等與句中其他詞的關(guān)系。介詞的特點：量少、詞形簡單，但不能獨擋一面，必須與其余的詞結(jié)合使用。介詞主要考____________與動詞搭配look______________; ask___________; judge__________regard…_________; protect…________; divide…_______②與______________搭配befamiliar_________; begood________; beanxious___________=3\*GB3③與之前的名詞的搭配alack_____food; haveaccess_______sth. adesire_______sth.=4\*GB3④與之后的名詞的搭配________thesametime; _____themeanwhile; ______

a

speed

of

必須接賓語。介詞后必須接賓語，但是通常不能接副詞、that從句（except,but,in除外）、不定式作賓語。Sheisquickat______________(learn)languages.Hewassurprisedat________shesaid.Suddenlyhecameoutfrom___________________.他突然從門后出來。Iknownothingabouthimexcept_________heisfromParis.Isawhimgo_______________(去了樓上).介詞短語的語法功能介詞及其賓語合稱為介詞短語，介詞短語在句中可以充當(dāng)狀語、Thehouseisinfairlygoodcondition.__________Heisamanwithakindheart.__________Thecoldkepthiminbedforthreedays.__________Don’twalkonthegrass.

__________*Fromninetotwelveismybusiesttimeofaday.__________*Amansteppedoutfrombehindthewall.

__________介詞的分類單一介詞：at,in,of,by,about,for,from,except,since,near,with等復(fù)合介詞：inside,outside,onto,into,throughout,without,asto,asfor,exceptfor等。短語介詞：insteadof,bymeansof,onbehalfof,infavorof,inregardto,atthecostof等常見的介詞表示時間介詞

at,in,on表示時間點和時間段 by不遲于，到……時為止 after在……之后后

before在……之前

for

表示一段時間

during

在……期間

within在……期間，不超過

since自從…

throughout

貫穿……期間 until/till

直到

from…to…

從……到

between在…之間

over

在……期間，過完一段時間表示方位的介詞into進(jìn)入

out

of從……出來

along沿著 against

靠著towards向或朝著

to到或向

from從

up沿……而上off從……離開或下來

at朝著或向著

for到…去

down沿..而下at在某一點或在(某物)旁

in在某一范圍內(nèi)

on在某物的表面上 between在(兩者)之間

above在……的上頭或高出

below在…下面或低于among在(多者)之中

near在……的附近

inside在……的里面 outside在……的外面

before在……之前

behind在……的后面over在……的上方或上面

under在……的下面或下方；

beside/by在……的旁邊 across在……的對面或那一邊

by/past從某人或某物的旁邊經(jīng)過

over從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過

through從某事物的里面經(jīng)過 (a)round

圍饒著或在……的各處 beyond在……的那一邊，遠(yuǎn)于，超過(某事物的范圍)

表示原因的介詞有

because

of,

owing

to,

due

to,

for,

with,

at

(

at常放在表示情感變化后的動詞、形容詞或名詞后表示原因，相當(dāng)于“聽到或看到”

)等。

表示方式、方法或手段的介詞有

by

乘、坐、騎(接交通工具),

靠、通過

with用(具體的工具)，和……一起；in用(某種語言或材料，如墨水,

抽象的文具

等)

through通過(實踐或書本)等

。

5)表示“除……外”的介詞有

except,

besides,

but,

except

for等。

6)表示“數(shù)量”的介詞有

about(大約),

around(大約),

over(超過)等

表示“關(guān)于”的介詞有on,

about等；

表示“所屬”“部分與整體關(guān)系”的介詞有of

表示(增加/減少，相差，高出等的)程度的介詞有by

以及as(當(dāng)作，作為)，

like(像…一樣)等介副兩用的詞about,above,across,along,around,before,behind,below,besides,by,down,in,near,off,on,over,past,round,since,through,under,upDoyoubelievehisstoryaboutbeingabsentbecausehehadaheadache?______________Don’tdropcigarettesashabout. ______________Putonyourcoat/putyourcoaton. ______________Putthebookonthedesk. ______________Iwillgetoff(thebus)atthecorner. ______________【當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練】填空Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback________mydaysonaTVshowinthemid－1980s，whenIwasthefirst...Mostofusaremorefocused________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia，forexample，mostpeopletraditionallyeat________theirhands.________themorningofoneFriday________November,mybrothertogetherwithmevisitedmyuncleinprison.Muchattentionshouldbepaidto__________(improve)people'slivingconditions.AccordingtoDarwin'sSurvivaloftheFittest,onlythosespeciesthatwereabletoadapt________thesuddengreatchangesoftheirlivingconditionssurvived.Iamfamiliar________mostpopularkindsofsoftware.高考真題：（2023新高考I卷）Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferentlymoredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressedhandratherthanrolled.（2023新高考II卷）AndwhodotheyspeakEnglish?（2023浙江1月卷）ThankstoBeijing’slonghistorycapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoricevents.（2022新高考I卷）Giantpandasalsoserve___________anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.（2022全國甲卷）Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers___________Xi’antoKashgaronseat20,planningtohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.（2021年全國乙卷）Duetothegrowingpopularityofenvironmentallyrelatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes___________tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.（2021年全國乙卷）Ecotourismhasitsoriginwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept_________thelate1980s.（2020全國II卷）Museumsmustpete__________people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.（2020全國III卷）Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist___________earth,MotherNature.（2019浙江6月卷)Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer__________thisquestionisnotclear.(2019北京卷)EarthDay,markedon22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated__________1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地區(qū)).(2018全國III卷)MynameisMireyaMayor.I’mascientistwhostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching__________thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.語篇填空Iwasinarestaurant.Inoticedanelderlycouple1.________aballoontiedtotheirtable.WhenIaskedthemwhattheoccasionwas,theytoldmeitwastheir50thweddinganniversary.Iwasgladandsad2.________thematthesametime.Iwasgladbecausetheystillcherishedeachother.Iwassadbecausetheywere3.________theirown,withoutanychildrenorfriends.AfterIwentbacktomytableIthoughtIshouldpaytheirbill.Itriedtodoit,andtherestaurantmanagerandthewaitressesaskedmecuriouslywhotheywere4.________me.Finally，ItoldthemIworkedinachurchandfeltitwasmydutytodoso.Theelderlycoupleweresurprisedandspeechlesswhentoldatotalstrangerhadpaid5.________them.Allofuswerenearly6.________tears：thecouple,themanager,thewaitressesandme.TwomonthslaterIgotacall7.________anewspapertellingmemysimpleactofkindnesswasreported.Iwasn'texpectinganything8.________return，butIbecamefamous9.________thatactofkindness.Whatwouldandcouldhappen10.________usifwealwayspracticesuchactsofkindnessonfamily,friends,neighborsandstrangers?【鞏固練習(xí)】填空ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway_______carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetterknowncity.Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearby_______otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhatwasleft.Igotaplacenext______thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Don’tlaugh_______me.Imaylookfunny.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocoolthehouseduringthehotday;________thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutaskingforanything________return.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbut________ThomasEdison.高考真題（2023全國甲卷）Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility____savingtheirenvironment.（2023全國乙卷）FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong__royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefullybuiltsystemofringroads.（2023北京卷）Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention___________globalwaterissues.（2022全國乙卷）May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially___________theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.（2022北京卷）Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate________theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.（2021新高考I卷）Apanyrepresentativewrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover___________plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.（2021年全國甲卷）Itwasbuiltoriginallytoprotectthecity__________theTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修復(fù)).(2020浙江卷）Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven___________twofactors.(2019全國I卷)Modernmethods__________trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.(2019全國III卷)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack__________dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2018江蘇卷)Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum'shome________dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.(2018天津卷)Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(愛窺探的),keepingtheireyesonme________curiosity.(2018全國Ⅲ卷)WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferred________astheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.(2018北京卷)—Goodmorning,MrLee'soffice.

—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointment________nextWednesdayafternoon.(2018江蘇卷)DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisas