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一輪英語語法之四:介詞【預(yù)習(xí)案】什么是介詞介詞(preposition簡寫prep.)又稱作前置詞,表示名詞、代詞等與句中其他詞的關(guān)系。介詞的特點:量少、詞形簡單,但不能獨擋一面,必須與其余的詞結(jié)合使用。介詞主要考____________與動詞搭配look______________; ask___________; judge__________regard…_________; protect…________; divide…_______②與______________搭配befamiliar_________; begood________; beanxious___________=3\*GB3③與之前的名詞的搭配alack_____food; haveaccess_______sth. adesire_______sth.=4\*GB3④與之后的名詞的搭配________thesametime; _____themeanwhile; ______
a
speed
of
必須接賓語。介詞后必須接賓語,但是通常不能接副詞、that從句(except,but,in除外)、不定式作賓語。Sheisquickat______________(learn)languages.Hewassurprisedat________shesaid.Suddenlyhecameoutfrom___________________.他突然從門后出來。Iknownothingabouthimexcept_________heisfromParis.Isawhimgo_______________(去了樓上).介詞短語的語法功能介詞及其賓語合稱為介詞短語,介詞短語在句中可以充當(dāng)狀語、Thehouseisinfairlygoodcondition.__________Heisamanwithakindheart.__________Thecoldkepthiminbedforthreedays.__________Don’twalkonthegrass.
__________*Fromninetotwelveismybusiesttimeofaday.__________*Amansteppedoutfrombehindthewall.
__________介詞的分類單一介詞:at,in,of,by,about,for,from,except,since,near,with等復(fù)合介詞:inside,outside,onto,into,throughout,without,asto,asfor,exceptfor等。短語介詞:insteadof,bymeansof,onbehalfof,infavorof,inregardto,atthecostof等常見的介詞表示時間介詞
at,in,on表示時間點和時間段 by不遲于,到……時為止 after在……之后后
before在……之前
for
表示一段時間
during
在……期間
within在……期間,不超過
since自從…
throughout
貫穿……期間 until/till
直到
from…to…
從……到
between在…之間
over
在……期間,過完一段時間表示方位的介詞into進(jìn)入
out
of從……出來
along沿著 against
靠著towards向或朝著
to到或向
from從
up沿……而上off從……離開或下來
at朝著或向著
for到…去
down沿..而下at在某一點或在(某物)旁
in在某一范圍內(nèi)
on在某物的表面上 between在(兩者)之間
above在……的上頭或高出
below在…下面或低于among在(多者)之中
near在……的附近
inside在……的里面 outside在……的外面
before在……之前
behind在……的后面over在……的上方或上面
under在……的下面或下方;
beside/by在……的旁邊 across在……的對面或那一邊
by/past從某人或某物的旁邊經(jīng)過
over從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過
through從某事物的里面經(jīng)過 (a)round
圍饒著或在……的各處 beyond在……的那一邊,遠(yuǎn)于,超過(某事物的范圍)
表示原因的介詞有
because
of,
owing
to,
due
to,
for,
with,
at
(
at常放在表示情感變化后的動詞、形容詞或名詞后表示原因,相當(dāng)于“聽到或看到”
)等。
表示方式、方法或手段的介詞有
by
乘、坐、騎(接交通工具),
靠、通過
with用(具體的工具),和……一起;in用(某種語言或材料,如墨水,
抽象的文具
等)
through通過(實踐或書本)等
。
5)表示“除……外”的介詞有
except,
besides,
but,
except
for等。
6)表示“數(shù)量”的介詞有
about(大約),
around(大約),
over(超過)等
表示“關(guān)于”的介詞有on,
about等;
表示“所屬”“部分與整體關(guān)系”的介詞有of
表示(增加/減少,相差,高出等的)程度的介詞有by
以及as(當(dāng)作,作為),
like(像…一樣)等介副兩用的詞about,above,across,along,around,before,behind,below,besides,by,down,in,near,off,on,over,past,round,since,through,under,upDoyoubelievehisstoryaboutbeingabsentbecausehehadaheadache?______________Don’tdropcigarettesashabout. ______________Putonyourcoat/putyourcoaton. ______________Putthebookonthedesk. ______________Iwillgetoff(thebus)atthecorner. ______________【當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練】填空Butmyconnectionwithpandasgoesback________mydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirst...Mostofusaremorefocused________ourtasksinthemorningthanwearelaterintheday.ChopsticksarenotusedeverywhereinAsia.InIndia,forexample,mostpeopletraditionallyeat________theirhands.________themorningofoneFriday________November,mybrothertogetherwithmevisitedmyuncleinprison.Muchattentionshouldbepaidto__________(improve)people'slivingconditions.AccordingtoDarwin'sSurvivaloftheFittest,onlythosespeciesthatwereabletoadapt________thesuddengreatchangesoftheirlivingconditionssurvived.Iamfamiliar________mostpopularkindsofsoftware.高考真題:(2023新高考I卷)Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferentlymoredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressedhandratherthanrolled.(2023新高考II卷)AndwhodotheyspeakEnglish?(2023浙江1月卷)ThankstoBeijing’slonghistorycapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasitsstories,andsomeareevenassociatedwithhistoricevents.(2022新高考I卷)Giantpandasalsoserve___________anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.(2022全國甲卷)Now,CaohasstartedthesecondpartofhisdreamtowalkalongtheBeltandRoadroute.Heflew4,700kilometers___________Xi’antoKashgaronseat20,planningtohikebacktoXi’aninfivemonths.(2021年全國乙卷)Duetothegrowingpopularityofenvironmentallyrelatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes___________tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.(2021年全國乙卷)Ecotourismhasitsoriginwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept_________thelate1980s.(2020全國II卷)Museumsmustpete__________people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.(2020全國III卷)Theartistwasfinallyhumbled(謙卑)bythegreatestartist___________earth,MotherNature.(2019浙江6月卷)Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer__________thisquestionisnotclear.(2019北京卷)EarthDay,markedon22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.Firstcelebrated__________1970,theDaynowincludeseventsinmorethan190countriesandregions(地區(qū)).(2018全國III卷)MynameisMireyaMayor.I’mascientistwhostudiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.Iwassearching__________thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI’dbeenobserving.語篇填空Iwasinarestaurant.Inoticedanelderlycouple1.________aballoontiedtotheirtable.WhenIaskedthemwhattheoccasionwas,theytoldmeitwastheir50thweddinganniversary.Iwasgladandsad2.________thematthesametime.Iwasgladbecausetheystillcherishedeachother.Iwassadbecausetheywere3.________theirown,withoutanychildrenorfriends.AfterIwentbacktomytableIthoughtIshouldpaytheirbill.Itriedtodoit,andtherestaurantmanagerandthewaitressesaskedmecuriouslywhotheywere4.________me.Finally,ItoldthemIworkedinachurchandfeltitwasmydutytodoso.Theelderlycoupleweresurprisedandspeechlesswhentoldatotalstrangerhadpaid5.________them.Allofuswerenearly6.________tears:thecouple,themanager,thewaitressesandme.TwomonthslaterIgotacall7.________anewspapertellingmemysimpleactofkindnesswasreported.Iwasn'texpectinganything8.________return,butIbecamefamous9.________thatactofkindness.Whatwouldandcouldhappen10.________usifwealwayspracticesuchactsofkindnessonfamily,friends,neighborsandstrangers?【鞏固練習(xí)】填空ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway_______carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetterknowncity.Hesoldorexchangedsomeofthemilkinthetownsnearby_______otherfoodandmadecheeseandbutterforthefamilywithwhatwasleft.Igotaplacenext______thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Don’tlaugh_______me.Imaylookfunny.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenoughtocoolthehouseduringthehotday;________thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththevillagerswithoutaskingforanything________return.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbut________ThomasEdison.高考真題(2023全國甲卷)Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility____savingtheirenvironment.(2023全國乙卷)FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong__royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefullybuiltsystemofringroads.(2023北京卷)Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention___________globalwaterissues.(2022全國乙卷)May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially___________theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.(2022北京卷)Helenwaswalkingdownthestreetlate________theevening,herarmsfilledwithgrocerybags.(2021新高考I卷)Apanyrepresentativewrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover___________plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.(2021年全國甲卷)Itwasbuiltoriginallytoprotectthecity__________theTangdynastyandhasnowbeenpletelyrestored(修復(fù)).(2020浙江卷)Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven___________twofactors.(2019全國I卷)Modernmethods__________trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensivetoperformconsistentlyoveralargearea.(2019全國III卷)Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack__________dogs,seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasterswhohadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2018江蘇卷)Ifyouarenotgoingtosufferthisproblem,thenIsuggestthatthenexttimeyougotoyourmum'shome________dinner,getafewcookingtipsfromher.(2018天津卷)Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(愛窺探的),keepingtheireyesonme________curiosity.(2018全國Ⅲ卷)WangShu,a49-year-oldChinesearchitect,wonthe2012PritzkerArchitecturePrize—whichisoftenreferred________astheNobelPrizeinarchitecture—onFebruary28.(2018北京卷)—Goodmorning,MrLee'soffice.
—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointment________nextWednesdayafternoon.(2018江蘇卷)DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisas
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