新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)讀寫(xiě)教程答案

新視野第四冊(cè)答案Unit1SectionA.TheTemptationofaRespectableWoman《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.II,p.8Herhusbandexpectedhisfriend,Gouvernail,tostayaboutoneortwoweeksintheirhome.Hewasaboringandwithdrawnpersonwithastrangepersonality.Shedecidedtoleaveforheraunt’shouseandwouldn’tcomebacktillGouvernaillefttheirhome.Aonceambitiousperson,Gouvernailnowbecameonewiththemeredesiretoenjoyagenuinelifenowandthen.Histonesofvoiceandpersonalcharm.ShewasafraidthatshecouldnotresistbeingattractedbyGouvernail.Hemistookhiswife’sfeelingtowardsGouvernailforpuredislike.ShehadovercomebothhermisunderstandingofandhersubtlefeelingstowardsGouvernail.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.III,p.8Idlemeltingimposespenetratepresencenuisancenonsensekeen《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IV,p.9rundowntakenseriouslydrinkingininnosensemadeexcellentobservationsoncountedonformypartmakeafuss《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.V,p.9sanctionsRestrictionsfinelimitsproblemstaxdutyresponsibility《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VI,p.10justifyglorifyexemplifiesclassifiedpurifiedintensifyidentifyterrified《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VII,p.10braveryjewellerydeliverymachineryrobberynurseryscenerydiscovery《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VIII,p.11Shesaiditmighthavebeenallright,iftheweatherhadbeengood.Mrs.BarodasaidshemighthavelikedGouvernailifhehadbeenliketheothers.IfIhadbeenthere,Icouldhavehelpedyou.Hecouldhavegotticketsiftherehadbeensomecheapones.Mrs.Barodamighthaveyieldedtothetemptationifshehadn’tbeenarespectableandsensibleperson.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IX,p.11“Youweredifferentthen.”“Sowasshe.”“Youusedtosayhewasamanofwit.”“Soheis.”“You’vemadeamistakehere.”“Oh,soIhave.Thankyou.”“Childrenshouldbehavethemselves.”“Soshouldadults.”“Thisglassiscracked.”“Oh,soitis.Ihadn’tnoticed.”《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.X,p.12Heimposedhiscompanyuponherinspiteofherrepeatedhintsofhopingtobeleftalone.Hisfriendscannevercountuponhowheisgoingtoactundergivenconditions,asheisalwaysfullofsurprises.Don’tmakeafussaboutsuchasmallthingbecausethatisthelastthingIexpected.BesidesbeinganuprightandrespectablewomanMrs.Barodawasalsoaverysensibleone.Shehadneverknownherthoughtstobesoconfused,unabletogatheranythingfromthem.FromGouvernail’stalk,Mrs.Barodacametoknowthathisperiodsofsilencewerenothisbasicnature,buttheresultofmoods.ToGaston’sdelight,hiswifehadfinallyovercomeherdislikeforGouvernailandinvitedGouvernailtovisitthemagainwhollyfromherself.Mrs.BarodafeltconfusedwithGouvernail’spuzzlingnatureandfoundithardtopenetratethesilenceinwhichhehadunconsciouslycoveredhimself.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.XI,p.12在一起呆了幾天，她仍感到對(duì)這個(gè)客人很陌生，只得大部分時(shí)間讓丈夫陪著他。加斯頓拉了拉妻子的衣袖，雙手摟著她的腰，快樂(lè)地望著她那充滿困惑的眼睛。他在她身旁的長(zhǎng)凳上坐下，絲毫不曾想到她可能會(huì)反對(duì)他坐在那兒。他的話變成了一串毫無(wú)意義的動(dòng)詞、名詞、副詞和形容詞，她陶醉在他的聲音里。那晚，巴羅達(dá)太太很想把自己的一時(shí)荒唐告訴丈夫—也是她的朋友，但還是忍住了。他照例說(shuō)了些諸如這個(gè)季節(jié)的夜風(fēng)對(duì)身體不好之類(lèi)的話。后來(lái)，望著茫茫夜色，他開(kāi)始談了起來(lái)。“噢，”她笑著，在他唇上印了長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的溫柔的一吻，“我一切都已經(jīng)克服了！你會(huì)看到的，這次我會(huì)對(duì)他很好。”而現(xiàn)在他只求能生存，只是偶爾才能體驗(yàn)到一絲真正的生活的氣息，就像此刻這樣。SectionB.TheObligationsandResponsibilitiestoMarriageXVI.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions1.B2.C3.B4.B5.B6.B7.C8.B《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》Ex.XVII,p.24obligationcontinuitysacrificeacknowledgedpassionscatteredworshipelastic《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》Ex.XVIII,p.24in;inin/bytoonatbehindtofromUnit2SectionA.CharlieChaplin《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.II,p.37Helivedapoorandmiserablelifeduringhischildhood.PossiblybecauseheleftBritainwhenhewasyoungandnevercameback;mostfigureshecreatedwerenotofagentleman-likeBritishstyle.HisdressandbehaviorwerenotEnglish.ItwasthefirstmovieinwhichChaplinusedvoiceforthecharacters.Usinghisphysicalsensestoinventhisartashewentalongwithoutpreparedscript.Wecanfindthatfromthecharactershecreated,suchastheflowergirlandtheFrenchwifekiller.Shebroughtstablehappinesstohimandbecamethecenterofrestinhislife.Comic《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.III,p.37coarsecorrespondeddoubtfulroused/sparkedexecutereliefapplauseimmense《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IV,p.38foragainstupwithuptodownbetween《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.V,p.38temptationchangeurgepoliciespressuresarrestdemandattempts《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VI,p.39artistterroristnovelistactivistsbiologistidealistcapitaliststourist《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VII,p.39TerrorismindustrialismageismidealismcriticismheroismracismModernism《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VIII,p.40IfIhadknownthatyouwerecoming,Iwouldhavemetyouattheairport.Ifhehadtriedtoleavethecountry,hewouldhavebeenstoppedatthefrontier.Ifwehadfoundhimearlier,wecouldhavesavedhislife.IfIhadcaughtthatplane,Iwouldhavebeenkilledintheaircrash.Ifhehadbeeninbetterhealth,hecouldhavewrittenmorebooks.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IX,p.40Withsomuchgoingonattheoffice,itisawondertofindthatMr.Lawrencehasmuchtimeleftforanythingelse.Itisasurprisetoustofindthattelevisionenjoysitsgreatestcompetitiveadvantageoninformation.Itisapossibilityforustoexpectthatthestudentswillgetthenewfactsinthelectureconfusedwiththeirexistingknowledge.Itisafacttoknowthatwehaverunoutofwaterandfood.Itisarelieftolearnthatthedrivercontrolledthecarduringthestormyweather.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.X,p.41OtherwritersmighthavewrittenstoriesaboutLondon.ButonlyhecouldhavecreatedthecharacterDavid,whogavehiscreatorpermanentfame.Chinahasprovidedmoreapplause,morehonorand,ofcourse,moreprofitwherethisscientistisconcernedthananyothercountries.Hehadanurgetoexecutethisskillperfectly.Thisphysicaltransformation,plustheskillwithwhichheexecuteditagainandagain,aresurelythesecretsofChaplin’sgreatcomedy.Butthatshockrousedhisimagination.Chaplindidn’thavehisjokeswrittenintoascriptinadvance;hewasthekindofcomicwhousedhisphysicalsensestoinventhisartashewentalong.Healsohadadeepneedtobeloved—andacorrespondingfearofbeingbetrayed.Thetwowerehardtocombineandsometimes—asinhisearlymarriages—thecollisionbetweenthemresultedindisaster.It’sdoubtfulwhethershecanfindherwayintoperfectacting,thoughsheneverlosesherfaithinherownability.Itwasarelieftoknowthathefinallyfinishedthebookbeforehisdeath,whichwasregardedasafittingmemorialtohislifeasawriter.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.XI,p.41但只有查理?卓別林才能塑造出了不起的喜劇角色“流浪者”，這個(gè)使其創(chuàng)作者聲名永駐的衣衫襤褸的小人物。盡管如此，卓別林的喜劇乞丐形象并不顯得那么像英國(guó)人，甚至也沒(méi)有勞動(dòng)階級(jí)的特色。但假如他在早期那些短小喜劇電影中能操一口受過(guò)教育的人的口音，則他是否會(huì)聞名世界就值得懷疑了，而英國(guó)人也肯定會(huì)覺(jué)得這很“古怪”。隨著事業(yè)的發(fā)展，他感到了一種沖動(dòng)要去發(fā)掘并擴(kuò)展自己身上所顯露的天才。沒(méi)有生命的物體特別有助于卓別林發(fā)揮自己藝術(shù)家的天賦。然而即使是這種以沉重代價(jià)換來(lái)的自知之明也在他的喜劇創(chuàng)作中得到了表現(xiàn)。由于沃娜本人出生在一個(gè)被各種麻煩困擾的大家庭，她對(duì)卓別林生活中將面臨的挑戰(zhàn)也做好了充分準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)有毫無(wú)根據(jù)的流言說(shuō)他倆是馬克思主義的同情者。后來(lái)在他們自己的有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中，卓別林有時(shí)會(huì)引發(fā)爭(zhēng)吵，而她則成了安寧的中心。但是人們不禁會(huì)感到，卓別林一定會(huì)把這一奇怪的事情看作是對(duì)他的十分恰當(dāng)?shù)募o(jì)念。他以這種方式給這個(gè)自己曾帶來(lái)那么多笑聲的世界留下了最后的笑聲。formaltestratherthanbytheirteachers’assessment.Theyarguedthattheirproductsshouldbedevelopedonthebasisofneedratherthanprofit.Duringweekendsthebusinessmenmayspendsometimeestablishingfriendshipandmutualtrustratherthandiscussinganyparticularitemofbusiness.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IX,p.99PetrolnowistwiceasexpensiveasitwasafewyearsagoTheirsisaboutthreetimesasbigasoursLatinAmericancustomerstalktwotofourtimesaslongonthephoneaspeopleinNorthAmericathefeeforcellphonesistypicallytwiceasmuchasforcallsmadeoverfixedlinescantransmit250,000timesasmuchdataasastandardtelephonewire《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.X,p.99Byinstallingthelatestwirelesstransmissionsystems,aparadeofurbancentersandindustrialzonesfromBeijingtoBudapestaresteppingdirectlyintotheInformationAge.Widespreadaccesstoinformationtechnologypromisestocondensethetimerequiredtochangefromlabor-intensiveassemblyworktoindustriesthatinvolveengineering,marketinganddesign.ModerncommunicationswillgivecountrieslikeChinaandVietnamahugeadvantageovercountriesstuckwitholdtechnologies.Thereislittledisputethatcommunicationswillbeakeyfactorseparatingthewinnersfromthelosers.Theeconomyofthecountryisstuckinrecessionanditbarelyhasthemoneytoscratchthesurfaceoftheproblem.Businesseseagerforreliableservicearewillingtopayasignificantlyhighpricetagforawirelesscall.Havinganoperationthereislikehavinganendlesspileofmoneyatyourdisposal.Forcountriesthathavelaggedbehindforsolong,thetemptationtomoveaheadinonejumpishardtoresist.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.XI,p.100一個(gè)將會(huì)大大提高發(fā)展中國(guó)家生活水準(zhǔn)的轉(zhuǎn)變正方興未艾。所有這些發(fā)展中地區(qū)都把先進(jìn)的通信技術(shù)看作一種能跨越經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展各階段的方法。問(wèn)題是，它的國(guó)內(nèi)電話系統(tǒng)是一堆生了銹的20世紀(jì)30年代的老古董。通信工程也是上海實(shí)現(xiàn)其成為一流金融中心這一夢(mèng)想的關(guān)鍵。整個(gè)拉丁美洲對(duì)無(wú)線電通信的需求和使用已急速增加。泰國(guó)也在求助于無(wú)線電通信方式，以便讓泰國(guó)人在發(fā)生交通堵塞時(shí)能更好地利用時(shí)間。移動(dòng)電話在商界成為時(shí)尚，使人們?cè)诮煌ǘ氯麜r(shí)也能與外界保持聯(lián)系?？傆幸惶?，他們將能在信息高速公路上與美國(guó)和西歐并駕齊驅(qū)。SectionB.TheInformationSuperhighwayXVI.Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.1.F2.F3.T4.T5.F6.T7.T8.T《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》Ex.XVII,p.111transmitinsuringformatfeedbackcorrespondencevacuumSyntheticdiagrams《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》Ex.XVIII,p.111differonrefertobecomparedtospecializeinmakeroutinecomeupwithhasaccesstoSomeconcretestepsshouldbetakenUnit5SectionA.ChoosetoBeAloneonPurpose《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.II,p.124All22millionofpeoplelivealone,whichsuggeststhatitisanoverwhelmingphenomenonintheUnitedStates.Becausetheycanfindinspirationinsolitude.Themorecapablethepersonisofthinkingonhisown,thelesshisneedforstayingwithothers.Itdepends.Ifheliveswiththem,thefriends’temporaryleavingwillbereceivedasawelcomechange.However,ifhelivesalone,thetemporaryabsenceoffriendswillleavehimnothingbutthefeelingofemptiness.Theneedtotalkisthemostbasicneedofasolitaryperson.Hemaycallfriendstotellthemimportantthings,ortalktohimself,hispets,thetelevision,oreventostrangersinthesupermarket.Heshouldstayrational,settlehimselfinacomfortableandpleasantwayandwaitforanythinghappythatmayhappen.Asordinarypeople’ssolitaryconditionoflivingdiffersfromthatofthegreatmindslikethepoetsandphilosophers,theyshouldcherishthethoughtthat“sincewearehere,wemayaswellstayandmakethebestofit”.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.III,p.124dictatechokedhumblejusticewaterproofslipperypoetrysupreme《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IV,p.125castoutallbyhimselfstayuplatewasfondofatonesittingfilledupwithspeakshighlyofhavesoughtout《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.V,p.125ideaofferproposalbeliefrequestcontrolpromotionproducts《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VI,p.126underestimatedunderpaidoversleptUnderdevelopedoverestimatedoverchargedunderweightoverloaded《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VII,p.127simplifiedelectricianrecoveryunderwentautobiographyunderlineterroristover-react《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VIII,p.127Themoreopenlyyouandyourdoctorcantalktogether,thebettertheserviceyourdoctorwillbeabletogiveyou.ThemoreReneeHenrylearntaboutthetherapy,themoreshebecameconvincedthatitwasrightforher.Themoreanation’scompanieslocatefactoriesabroad,thesmallerwillbethecountry’srecordedexports.Thelessexerciseyoudo,themoreunfityouwillbecome,andthehardereverydaytaskswillseem.Rememberthatthelessprocessedafood,thehigheritsmineralandvitamincontent.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IX,p.128YoumightaswellgotheretoseewhetherthereistheinformationyouneedWemightaswellcallitfreedomYoumayaswellringandtellthemyou’regoingtovisitthemWemight/mayaswellwalkhomeWemight/mayaswellfindaneasieronetoread《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.X,p.128Poetsandphilosophersallspeakhighlyofthemselvesforseekingoutsolitude,fromwhichtheycandrawinspiration.Ahumblepersontendstosufferfromsolitude,feelinghimselfinadequatecompany,longingforotherstobearound.Thewidowedoldladywassolonelythatshewouldtalkatlengthtothestrangersinthesupermarketaboutherpets.Theconditionoflonelinessrisesandfalls,butourneedtotalkgoesonforever—theneedoftellingsomeonethedailysuccessionofsmallobservationsandopinions.Toapersonlivingalone,it’simportanttostayrationalandsettledownandmakehimselfcomfortable,andfindsomegraceandpleasureinhiscondition.Ifyoulivewithotherpeople,theirtemporaryabsencecanberefreshing.Scientificsurveysshowthatthosewholivealonetalkatlengthtothemselvesandtheirpetsandthetelevision.It’simportanttostopwaitingandsettledownandmakeourselvescomfortable,atleastforthetimebeing.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.XI,p.128孤獨(dú)或許是這里的一種民族弊病，它比起其他任何過(guò)錯(cuò)更加令人難以啟齒。而另一方面，故意選擇獨(dú)處，拒絕別人的陪伴而非為同伴所拋棄，這正是美國(guó)式英雄的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。孤獨(dú)的獵人，孤獨(dú)的探險(xiǎn)者，在鹿群和狼群中間冒險(xiǎn)，去征服廣袤的荒野，這時(shí)他們并不需要有人陪伴。梭羅獨(dú)居在湖畔的小屋，有意拋棄了城市生活。現(xiàn)在，這成了你的個(gè)性。獨(dú)處的靈感是詩(shī)人和哲學(xué)家最有用的東西。他們都贊成獨(dú)處。也許你已經(jīng)注意到，這些藝術(shù)家類(lèi)型的人，大多是到戶外獨(dú)處，而家里則自有親人們備好了熱茶，等著他們回家。美國(guó)的獨(dú)處高士是梭羅。我們欽佩他，并非因?yàn)樗珜?dǎo)自力更生精神，而是因?yàn)樗律硪蝗嗽谕郀柕呛仙?，這是他自己想要這么做的。他獨(dú)居在湖畔的樹(shù)林中。其他人不在的時(shí)候你可以放飛你的靈魂，讓它充滿整個(gè)房間。你可以充分享受自由。你可以隨意來(lái)去而無(wú)需道歉。重要的是要在我們自身的條件下發(fā)現(xiàn)一些優(yōu)雅和樂(lè)趣，不要做一個(gè)以自我為中心的英國(guó)詩(shī)人，而要像一個(gè)被關(guān)在塔樓里的公主，耐心地等待著我們的童話故事進(jìn)入快樂(lè)的結(jié)局。畢竟，事已至此，這或許不是我們所期望的局面，但眼下我們不妨稱之為家吧。不管怎么說(shuō),沒(méi)有什么地方比家還好。SectionB.RoommateConflictsXVI.Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothetext.1.F2.T3.T4.F5.F6.T7.T8.F《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》Ex.XVII,p.141vibrateholytoleratestaledisorderchewabstractexclaimed《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》Ex.XVIII,p.141Whenhereceivedtheadmissionnoticefromtheuniversity,heknewitwastimehestruckoutonhisown.HisroommatealwaysturnsuptheCDplayertothehighestpoint,whichmakeshimmiserable.EverytimeshetriedtoarguewithheridenticaltwinKatie,sheendedupcryinghereyesout.Seriousviolencehassprungfromtheconflictoverinsignificant,irritatingdifferences.Therearemanypeoplewhobelievesincerelythatyoucantrainchildrenforlifewithoutresortingtopunishment.Alansignedadormcontractwithhisroommatetoheadoffpossibleconflicts.Hewasrequiredtofillinaformbeforethejobinterview.Herhusbandusedtoslapheraround,whichledtothebreakupofhermarriage.Unit6SectionA.BriberyandBusinessEthics《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.II,p.153Becausetheydon’tknowhowserioustheproblemofbriberyis.Hewillbribetheofficials.Becausethesepracticesarelikelytobemorallywrongandmaybecertainformsofbribery.ThesecompaniesmayberequiredtorevealsuchinformationbytheU.S.SecuritiesandExchangeCommission(SEC),whosedutyistocollectcertaininformationaboutenterprisessoastoprotectinvestors.TheywantedtoavoidanunfavorableconclusiondrawnfromtheinvestigationoftheirpossibleviolationsofU.S.businesslaws.Theymightmakelargepaymentstorulingfamiliesortheircloseadvisers,ormakedonationstopartybankaccounts.Itreferstoarareeditionofabookwith$20,000slippedwithinitspage.Itfavorsacodeofconductandhasproposedacouncilformanagingthecode,whichcandistinguishbetweencommissionspaidforrealservicesandexaggeratedfeesthatreallyamounttobribes.No.BecauseitsmembershavedifferentopinionsaboutthedutiesoftheICC.Yes,Morethan300U.S.companies,forexample,admittedthattheyhadmadequestionablepayments.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.III,p.153Substantialproceduralnegotiationrejectedwithdrawncommissionsfinancedsecure《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IV,p.154byinoftoupon/uponwithin《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.V,p.154commitmentvalueregretimplicationsstrengthoppositionsdeclinesense《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VI,p.155foresight/forethoughtforewarnedforegroundpostgraduatepost-raceforesawpost-Christmaspost-election《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VII,p.156e-shoppere-merchante-journale-classroome-commercee-maile-dictionariese-cash《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VIII,p.157It’spointlesstogotherenextMonday—there’sapublicholiday.Itisprobablethatwe’llbelate.Itisinterestingtoseedifferentculturesandwaysoflife.Itisreallyastonishingthatsherefusestotalktoyou.Itisimportantthatshecomesstraighttomewhenshearrives.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IX,p.157Supposeyouobjecttocarryingoutaparticularmanagementorderandyouareafraidofthemanager,whatwouldyoudo?Supposeyouhavejustgotmarriedandyouareemployedforthreeyearstoworkabroad,howwouldyouexplainittoyournewlymarriedwife?Supposesomeonecouldn’tunderstandwhyyoudidn’tarrestHarry,wouldyoudecidetoremovethedoubts?Supposebyaccidentyourtenantfailstopaytherent,isitfairthatyouwouldthrowhimout?Supposeyouareaveryheavysmokerandyouareanxioustobreakthehabit,wherecouldyougetthehelp?《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.X,p.157Wewouldnotstandbyandletbriberyinvariousformsbeontheincrease.Whilelendingyouthesubstantialsumofmoney,Imadeitcleartoyouthatifyoucouldn’tpayitoffintime,youmightbeaccusedoftakingbribes.Competitionoffinancialpowerhasbecomeafactofpoliticallife;butifyoureceivequestionablepoliticalcontributionsforthisreason,youwillsoonbeunderinvestigation.Tosecuremajorarmsdealcontracts,theyhavemadeasubstantialdonationtothebankaccountofthepartyinpower.Hehituponagoodmethodtospeeduptheprogressoftheexperiment,butopinionsdifferedamongmembersofthegrouponit.It’sdifficulttoenforcethenewlawbecausepeoplearenotreadytoactonit.Wethinkit’sthebusinessoftheUnitedNationstroopstoenforceaceasefireinthatarea,whilethejobofthelocalgovernmentistopreparetorestorelawandorder.Havingmadethisdecision,shejoinedtheorganization,whichisinsupportofwoman’srights.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.XI,p.158他們通常沒(méi)意識(shí)到在很多國(guó)家，形形色色的賄賂行為正日益增多。在某些國(guó)家，這已成為人們幾百年來(lái)的生活方式?，F(xiàn)在的問(wèn)題是：你是被迫掏錢(qián)呢，還是堅(jiān)持原則？很容易產(chǎn)生這樣的印象：賄賂以及其他可疑開(kāi)支正日漸增多。的確，這似乎已成為商界的一個(gè)事實(shí)。這一事實(shí)的披露，使克萊斯勒與其他300多家美國(guó)公司一樣，向美國(guó)證券交易委員會(huì)承認(rèn)自己近年曾有過(guò)某種形式的支出，像賄賂、額外打折等等。據(jù)聞其他國(guó)家也是如此，向外國(guó)公司施壓，要他們向黨派組織的賬戶捐款。第二大類(lèi)包括為促使政府加快對(duì)某些工程項(xiàng)目的正式批準(zhǔn)而作的支出。這些準(zhǔn)則試圖區(qū)分真正為服務(wù)所付的傭金和事實(shí)上等同于賄賂的過(guò)高費(fèi)用。在一家知名英國(guó)報(bào)紙上，最近有位作者指出“企業(yè)已陷入賄賂的蛛網(wǎng)”，人人都“貪贓枉法”。SectionB.TheBiggestThreattotheRoleofPoliceOfficersXVI.Readthefollowingstatementscarefully,anddecidewhethertheyaretrue(T)orfalse(F)accordingtothepassage.1.F2.F3.T4.F5.F6.T7.F8.F《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》Ex.XVII,p.167tackleimitateddimmedfakeimpressiveencounteredequivalentwidespread《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》Ex.XVIII,p.168upawayupupupouttoonUnit7SectionA.ResearchintoPopulationGenetics《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.II,p.178Thebookconcludesthatdespitesurfacefeatures,the“races”areremarkablyalikeundertheskin.LucaCavalli-Sforza,aStanfordprofessor,andhiscolleagues.Inhumanblood:variousproteinsthatserveasmarkerstorevealaperson’sgeneticmakeup.Becausetheysharesuchsuperficialcharacteristicsasskincolorandbodyshape.ButthediscoveriesindicatethatAustraliansaremostdistantfromtheAfricansandmostcloselyresembletheSoutheastAsians.ItconfirmsthatAfricawasthebirthplaceofhumanityandthusthestartingpointoftheoriginalhumanmovements.TheirgenesshowtheKhoisanmaybeaveryancientmixofwestAsiansandblackAfricans,ratherthanbeingdirectlydescendedfromthemostprimitivehumanancestors.AllEuropeansarethoughttobeamixedpopulation,with65%Asianand35%Africangenes.Itisthelatestrawmaterialofthemedicalindustry.Andinaddition,itcanbeusedtoweakenconventionalnotionsofracethatcauseracialprejudice.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.III,p.178discountedbiasedvariationfeatureConfrontedmigrateddescendedexploiting《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IV,p.179Thescientistsannouncedlastyearthatoneofthegenesthatplayedapartindeterminingtheintelligencehadbeenidentified,buttodatetheresultshaveyettobeconfirmed.Theyseemtothinkthatbuildinganewroadwillimprovethetrafficproblem,butineffect,itwillmakeitworse.It’samazingthatthescientistscreatednothinglessthanthefirstgeneticmapoftheworld.AsoftodayDr.Careywillbeinchargeofalong-termstudyofchildrenwhoareunusuallygoodatmath.Thebestwaytoloseweightisproperdietincombinationwithregularexercise.Manywomeninthecityhavetakenlow-paid,so-calledpart-timeworkinadditiontotheirchild-rearingandcommunitycareactivities.Theirresearchintobetterparentingandeducationaltechniquesshedsnewlightonthefactthatmoreboyshaveunusualmathematicalabilitiesthangirls.Itisnowknownthatthisillnessisnotonlyconfinedtoanyonegroupinsociety.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.V,p.179secretexperiencescharacteristicsideainformationsuccessprejudicesequality《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VI,p.180privacyintimacyfrequencyfluencysecrecyurgencyconsistencydependency《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VII,p.181politicsclassicselectronicseconomicspsychologymethodologytechnologybiology《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VIII,p.182Beinghealthyismorethanaquestionofnotbeingill.Iwasmorethanalittleputout;Iwastotallyshocked.Thisstoryismorethaninteresting;itiseducational,aswell.Hepworthismuchmorethanafilmmaker;hehadlearnttofindstoriesthatwouldhavegenuinepopularappeal.Itwasmorethanamisjudgment:itrevealedtheextenttowhichthereligiousintellectuals’theoryofthechurchwasoutdated.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IX,p.182Whatwasneededwasnothinglessthananewindustrialrevolution.ThisisnothinglessthanacalltoarmstorestorethevitalityoftheAmericandream.Theirdreamwasnothinglessthanarevolutionaryprojecttobringcomputersandordinarypeopletogether.TheexperienceofsightseeinginthewonderfulislandisnothinglessthanexcitingandIammovedtotears.Hewasmuchconcernedthatsheshouldnotbetired,orboredandhewantedtomakesurethattheholidaywouldbenothinglessthanperfectforher.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.X,p.182WehavereceivedthreeanonymouslettersfromPalestinetodate,inadditiontoonesuspiciouspackage.Theirdreamwasnothinglessthanamoreequalsocietywherethereisnoracialprejudice.HereadmorethanShakespeare’splays;helikedmodernmusic.Hisfateinthelastelection,shesaid,wouldserveasaremindertoallpoliticiansthatpopularitydoesnotlast.Ineffect,onlyhardworkincombinationwithpropermethodswillalwaysgiveyouanadvantageoverothersinstudy.Technologyitself,anditseffectiveuse,isnottobeconfinedtothetraditionalsciencesubjects.Sincethetruthofthisreportwasdiscounted,Iwasnotinapositiontopublishitforyou.Manysoftwarecompanieshaveadaptedgeneralprogramstothenewoperatingsystem.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.XI,p.183它對(duì)人類(lèi)在基因?qū)用嫔系牟町愖髁似駷橹棺顬閺V泛的調(diào)查。實(shí)際上，那種認(rèn)為某一種群比另一種群的基因更優(yōu)越的理論是毫無(wú)科學(xué)根據(jù)的。為了確保種群的“純正”，這項(xiàng)研究將對(duì)象限定于其目前的生活區(qū)域仍與1492年以來(lái)相同的那些群體，即在來(lái)自歐洲最初的大規(guī)模遷移之前。這實(shí)際上就是一幅真實(shí)的哥倫布駛向美洲時(shí)期的世界人口基因分布圖。我們眼中看到的人種差異，例如歐洲人與非洲人的差異，主要是人類(lèi)從一個(gè)大陸向另一個(gè)大陸遷移時(shí)為適應(yīng)氣候所產(chǎn)生的。結(jié)合對(duì)遠(yuǎn)古人骨的研究，這一圖譜證實(shí)了非洲是人類(lèi)的誕生地，因而也是人類(lèi)遷移的始發(fā)地。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，再加上現(xiàn)代非洲人與非非洲人之間的巨大基因差距，說(shuō)明了從非洲人種群開(kāi)始的分支是人類(lèi)家譜上最早的分支。除了揭示人種的起源以外，基因信息也是醫(yī)學(xué)界可用的最新原料。醫(yī)學(xué)界希望能用人類(lèi)脫氧核糖核酸（DNA）制成特別的蛋白質(zhì)，這些蛋白質(zhì)具有某種抗病藥物的價(jià)值。保護(hù)土著人權(quán)益活動(dòng)家們擔(dān)心科學(xué)家可能會(huì)利用土著人謀利：從當(dāng)?shù)厝搜獦又刑崛〉幕蛭镔|(zhì)可被用于商業(yè)目的，卻不給DNA提供者以足夠的報(bào)酬。SectionB.GeniusesandBetterParentingXVI.Choosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions1.B2.C3.B4.A5.B6.C7.B8.C《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》Ex.XVII,p.193supervisedfatigueguaranteeexploresophisticatedidentifiedsteerbeneficial《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》Ex.XVIII,p.193upoutupinoverupinintoUnit8SectionA.SlaveryGaveMeNothingtoLose《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.II,p.204Theyhidbehindtheircurtainsandlookedthroughthematthetravelerscautiously.Thesmalltownwasastagewhereactorswerethedifferenttravelerswhopassedbyandrevealedthemselvestotheaudience—villagersindifferentaspects.Inachild’seye,itwasaplay,bringingtoheralotofpleasure.Probablythereweredifferentwaysofgreetingsbetweenthem,sotheremightbesomemisunderstandingsorsomeinappropriateresponses.Shewantedtosinganddancesomuchthatshethoughtthemoneyshouldhavebeengivenasadiscouragementratherthananencouragement.AftershewasthirteenandleftherhometownofEatonville,andthensheexperiencedahugechange.Shewasawarethatshewasblack.Itexpressestheauthor’sattitudeorherstateofmindthatshewasnotemotionallydisturbedbythefactthatshewasadescendentofslaves.Shefeltgoodaboutherself.Theauthorfeltlikeabrownbagofmixeditemsproppedupagainstawall.Asisdescribed,thecontentsrevealedarenothingbutcommonobjects.Itsuggeststhatforordinarypeople,nomatterwhethertheyarewhiteorblack,theysharesomethingincommon.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.III,p.204cautiouslybribingdisapprovedtendencyregistereddepressionproppedguaranteed《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IV,p.205peeringatbebrokenoffdisapprovedofproppingupInthemainincompanywithinthatatherelbow《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.V,p.205experiencingresistadvocateindicatenoticeundergowelcomecaused《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VI,p.206devalueddemobilizedderegulateddecentralizeddestabilizingdepersonalizeddeskilleddecoded《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VII,p.207retireesintervieweestraineeemployeesescapeesaddresseedevoteesdivorcee《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.VIII,p.207Iknowsheisn’treallyinterestedinwindow-shopping,butshedoesn’tmindwaitingwhileIhavealook.Ifpeopledon’tmindmyhavingnodegrees,Icouldgiveafewmusiclessons!Peopledon’tmindpayingmuchmoreforgoodsoftwarebecausetheycanseethebenefitsofusingit.IambigformyageandIdidn’tmindifhethoughtIwasayoungman.Wedon’tmindifittakestimeforpeopletoexpresstheirhopesandgoalsandtheirfearsandneedsintheirlives.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.IX,p.208NofriendsNocigaretteendNogas,nowaterandnoelectricityNootherinformationNoeffort《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.X,p.208Uptoyesterday,wehadnoideawhetherthewarwouldbreakoutornot.SomeoneisalwaysatmyelbowremindingmethatIamadescendentofslaves,butitfailstoregisterdepressionwithme.Idonotwanttotellyouthatstory;Ihavejustmentionedthatinpassing.IpreferhisplantoyoursinthatIthinkitismorepractical.ThedisapprovalregisteredonherfacewassorealthatevenIwouldhavethoughtitgenuine.Theybrokeoffthebusinessrelationswiththatcompanyasitsufferedhugelossesinthelastfinancialyearandwentbankrupt.Perhapsthiswasthepricethathastobepaidfortheprogressinthefirstplace—whoknows?Whenshewaspreparingherluggage,thebagwasemptiedandrefilledseveraltimes.《讀寫(xiě)教程IV》:Ex.XI,p.208本地的白人騎著風(fēng)塵仆仆的馬匹，而北方來(lái)的旅游者則駕著汽車(chē)沿著鄉(xiāng)下的沙土路一路駛來(lái)。小鎮(zhèn)的人膽小的就躲在窗簾后小心翼翼地偷看他們，膽大的則會(huì)走出屋外看著他們經(jīng)過(guò)，感到很開(kāi)心，就像這些旅游者看到這村莊也感到很有樂(lè)趣一樣。不僅在鏡中，也在內(nèi)心深處，我變成了永遠(yuǎn)不黑不白的棕色人——就像那最好的鞋油，不會(huì)被抹掉，也永不褪色。對(duì)我表現(xiàn)出的任何一點(diǎn)歡樂(lè)的苗頭，