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最新(2013秋)人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)最新(2013秋)人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)Unit1Wheredidyougoonvacation?一、重要短語(yǔ)歸納1.goonvacation去度假2.stayathome待在家里3.gotothemountains去爬山4.gotothebeach去海灘5.visitmuseums參觀博物館6.gotosummercamp去參觀夏令營(yíng)7.quiteafew相當(dāng)多8.studyfor為……而學(xué)習(xí)9.goout出去10.mostofthetime大部分時(shí)間11.tastegood嘗起來(lái)很好吃12.comeup出來(lái),發(fā)生13.ofcourse當(dāng)然14.feellike給……的感覺;感受到15.goshopping去購(gòu)物16.inthepast在過(guò)去17.walkaround四處走走18.becauseof因?yàn)?9.onebowlof…一碗……20.thenextday第二天21.drinktea喝茶22.findout找出;查明23.goon繼續(xù)24.takephotos照相25.somethingimportant重要的事26.upanddown上上下下27.haveagoodtime玩得高興=enjoyoneself=havegreatfun二、慣用法1.buysth.forsb./buysb.sth.為某人買某物2.taste+adj.嘗起來(lái)……3.look+adj.看起來(lái)……4.nothing…but+動(dòng)詞原形除了……之外什么都沒(méi)有5.Seem+(tobe)+adj.看起來(lái)……6.arrivein+大地點(diǎn)/arriveat+小地點(diǎn)到達(dá)某地7.decidetodosth.決定去做某事8.trydoingsth.嘗試做某事/trytodosth.盡力去做某事9.forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事/forgettodosth.忘記做某事10.enjoydoingsth.喜歡做某事11.wanttodosth.想去做某事12.startdoingsth.開始做某事14.stopdoingsth.停止做某事15.dislikedoingsth.不喜歡做某事16.keepdoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事17.Whynotdo.sth.?為什么不做……呢,18.so+adj.+that+從句如此……以至于……19.tellsb.(not)todosth.告訴某人(不要)做某事三、詞語(yǔ)辨析1.anywhere與somewhere共同點(diǎn):兩者都是不定副詞。不同點(diǎn):anywhere,“在任何地方”,常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。Ican?tfinditanywhere.somewhere,“在某處,到某處”,常用于肯定句。Ilostmykeysomewherenearhere.2.與seem有關(guān)的句式1)seem+形容詞“看起來(lái)…..”Youseemhappytoday.2)seem+todosth.“似乎、好像做某事”Iseemtohaveacold3)Itseems/seemed+從句“看起來(lái)好像…;似乎…”.Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.4)seemlike….“好像,似乎…..”Itseemslikeagoodidea.3.decide:1)decidetodosth.決定做某事Theydecidetovisitthemuseum.2)decide+疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞不定式Hecannotdecidewhentoleave.4.start與begin共同點(diǎn):startdoingsth=starttodosth.開始,可與begin互換。Hestarteddoinghishomework.不同點(diǎn):但以下幾種情況不能用begin:1)創(chuàng)辦,開辦:Hestartedanewbookshoplastmonth.2)機(jī)器開動(dòng):Ican?tstartmycar.3)出發(fā),動(dòng)身:Iwillstarttomorrowmorning.5.over:(prep.)1)“多于,超過(guò),在…以上(表示數(shù)目、程度)”=morethan如:Myfatherisover40yearsold.2)“在…之上,與物體垂直且不接觸”,與under相反。如:Thereisamapovertheblackboard.3)“超過(guò)”:Ihearthenewsovertheradio.4)“遍及”:Iwanttotravelallovertheworld.6.toomany,toomuch,muchtoo1)toomany“太多”,后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如:Motherboughttoomanyeggsyesterday.2)toomuch“太多”,修飾不可數(shù)名詞或修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。Wehavetoomuchworktodo.如:Don?ttalktoomuch.3)muchtoo“太”,修飾形容詞或副詞。Thehatismuchtoobigforme.如:You?rewalkingmuchtoofast.小結(jié):分辨三者的口訣:toomuch,muchtoo,用法區(qū)別看后頭:much后接不可數(shù),too后修飾形或副。toomany要記住,后面名詞必復(fù)數(shù)。7.because:1)becauseof介詞短語(yǔ),“因?yàn)?,由于”,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞,不能接句子。如:Hecan?ttakeawalkbecauseoftherain.2)because連詞,“因?yàn)椤保龑?dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句,表示直接明確的原因或理由。如:Idon?tbuytheshirtbecauseitwastooexpensive.8.trytodosth.與trydoingsth.trytodosth:盡力做某事;trydoingsth.:嘗試做某事。如:Itriedcallinghim,butnooneanswered.I'mtryingtolearnEnglishwell9.forgettodosth.與forgetdoingsth.1)forgettodosth.忘記將要做的某事如:Don?tforgettoclosethewindow.別忘了關(guān)窗戶。2)forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事如:Iforgetclosingthewindow.我忘記已經(jīng)關(guān)上窗戶了。10.stopdoingsth.與stoptodosth.1)stoptodosth.停下了去做另一件事如:Istoppedtoeat。我停下來(lái)開始吃東西。2)stopdoingsth.停止做某事如:Istoppedeating。我停止吃東西。11.something,somebody,someone;anything,anybody,anyonesomething,somebody,someone:用于肯定句anything,anybody,anyone:用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或條件句四、重要句子1.Wheredidyougoonvacation,你去哪里度假了,1)這是一個(gè)由疑問(wèn)副詞where引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句。Where用來(lái)詢問(wèn)地點(diǎn)或場(chǎng)所,用于句首,其后跟一般疑問(wèn)句。如:Whereareyoufrom,Wheredoeshelive,2)goonvacation“去度假”Hewillgoonvacationwithhisfamily.他要和家人一起度假。2.Didyoubuyanythingspecial,你買特別的東西了嗎,1)buy,vt,“購(gòu)買”如:Ittakesalotofmoneytobuyahouse.買一座房子要花一大筆錢。2)buysth.forsb.=buysb.sth.為某人買某物如:Myfatherboughtmeabike.=Myfatherboughtabikeforme.3)anythingspecial“特別的東西”注意:形容詞修飾不定代詞要后置如:Doyouwantanythingelse,你還想要其他什么嗎,3.Wetookquiteafewphotosthere.1)takephotos照相,拍照如:Couldyouhelpmetakesomephotos,2)quiteafew“相當(dāng)多”,后加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)quitealittle“相當(dāng)多”,后加不可數(shù)名詞如:Therearequiteafewpeopleintherestaurant.Thereisquitealittlewaterinthebottle.4.Everythingtastedreallygood.所有的東西嘗起來(lái)真的很好吃。taste,連系動(dòng)詞,“嘗起來(lái)”,其后接形容詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。如:Thefoodtastesreallygreat.與之類似的詞:sound(聽起來(lái)),feel(摸起來(lái)),look(看起來(lái)),smell。5.Howdidyoulikeit?你覺得它怎么樣,用來(lái)詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn)或看法。=Whatdidyouthinkofit?=Howdidyoufeelaboutit?6.Didyougoshopping?你們?nèi)ベ?gòu)物嗎,goshopping“去購(gòu)物”拓展:godoing“去做某事”,常用于表達(dá)從事某一體育活動(dòng)或休閑活動(dòng)。如:goclimbing;goskating(去滑冰);gohiking;gosightseeing;gofishing;goboating7.Iwenttoafriend'sfarminthecountrywithmyfamily.我和家人一起去了鄉(xiāng)下一個(gè)朋友的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。afriend'sfarm是名詞所有格形式,“一個(gè)朋友的農(nóng)場(chǎng)”。拖展:名詞的所有格:名詞的所有格主要表示所屬關(guān)系,它有兩種構(gòu)成方式,即-?s所有格和of所有格一)?s格的用法1)主要用于有生命的名詞,其所有格構(gòu)成為:單數(shù)名詞后加's;復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s作結(jié)尾的后加',不以s作結(jié)尾的后加's??偨Y(jié):復(fù)數(shù)名詞以s結(jié)尾加?,其他都加?s如:Tom'sdog,mybrother'sbooks,Mary'sboyfriend,sheep'sskin,2)用于表示時(shí)間,距離,地點(diǎn),團(tuán)體,重量,價(jià)格這六類無(wú)生命名詞的所有格,也要加's表示所有,如:aday'swork(一天的工作),twomiles'distance(兩英里的距離),tendollars'worth,fivemiles'distance,twentypounds'weight,Beijing'sfuture,thegovernment'sdecision,Japan'sindustry,theearth?splants.3)所有格的一個(gè)特殊形式:共有物,只在最后一個(gè)名詞的后面加's,即“共有物,最后加”;不共有,則每個(gè)名詞之后都要加's,即“各自有,各自加”;如:BillandHillary?shouse.(Bill和Hillary共有的房子)Bill?sandHillary?shouses(Bill和Hillary各自的房子)4)所有格的省略:表示理發(fā)店、商店等名詞或一些習(xí)慣用法,如:thebarber's.mysister?s,thetailor?s.二)of所有格的用法主要用于無(wú)生命的名詞,其所有格構(gòu)成為:“of+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如:amapofChina8.Theonlyproblemwasthattherewasnothingmuchtodointheeveningbutread.唯一的問(wèn)題是晚上除了讀書沒(méi)什么事可做。nothingadjtodo“沒(méi)什么事可做”如:Ihavenothingspecialtodothisafternoon.今天下午我沒(méi)有什么特殊的事要做。拓展:nothingbut“只有,除..之外什么也沒(méi)有”;havenothingtodobutdosth.“只能做某事”=havenochancebuttodosth.如:Ihadnothingbutacupofteathismorning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。IhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.我只能看電視了。9.Stillnooneseemedtobebored.仍然沒(méi)有人看起來(lái)無(wú)聊。1)Seem可作不及物動(dòng)詞或連系動(dòng)詞,“好像,似乎,看來(lái)”如:Everythingseemseasy.拓展:Seem的用法:seem+形容詞“看起來(lái)…..”Youseemhappytoday.seem+todosth.“似乎、好像做某事”IseemtohaveacoldItseems/seemed+從句“看起來(lái)好像…;似乎…”.Itseemsthatnoonebelieveyou.?seemlike….“好像,似乎…..”Itseemslikeagoodidea.2)bored,boring辨析Bored:“厭倦的;感到無(wú)聊的”,一般在句中修飾人,作表語(yǔ)。Boring:“無(wú)趣的;令人厭煩的;單調(diào)的”,一般在句中修飾事或物,可作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如:I'mboredwithwhathesaid.Ifindthestoryveryboring.10.WhatdidLisasayabout...?Sayabout“發(fā)表對(duì)...的看法”如:Idid'tsayanythingaboutit.我對(duì)此事什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。11.IarrivedinPenanginMalaysiathismorningwithmyfamily.1)arrive,vi,“到達(dá)”。2)arrivein+大地點(diǎn);arriveat+小地點(diǎn)“到達(dá)某地”如:Thebookswillarrivetomorrow.這些書明天到。WearrivedinBeijingyesterday.我們昨天就到北京了。Iarrivedatthetrainstationveryearly.12....sowedecidedtogotothebeachnearourhotel.1)gotothebeach去海灘2)decide,vt,“決定”,decidedtodosth.“決定做某事”如:Theydecidetovisitthemuseum.13.IfeellikeIwasabird.Itwassoexciting.我感覺自己就像一只小鳥,太刺激了。feellike“給...的感覺,感受到”,,其后常接從句。如:IfeellikethatIhaveneverbeentherebefore.我感覺從來(lái)沒(méi)到過(guò)那。feellike“想要”,,其后可接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞。如:Doyoufeellikeacupofteanow?你現(xiàn)在想要喝茶嗎,14.Ireallyenjoyedwalkingaroundthetown.我真的很喜歡在鎮(zhèn)上到處走走。enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havegreatfun“玩的高興,愉快”如:Ienjoyedmyselfatthepartylastnight.=Ihadagoodtimeatthepartylastnight.=Ihadgreatfunatthepartylastnight.15.Whatadifferenceadaymakes!一天的變化有多大啊!本句是what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。拓展:感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu):1)whata/an(adj)+單數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)~2)What(adj)+復(fù)數(shù)的可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)~3)How+adj/adv+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)~如:Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!16.Wewantedtowalkuptoshop,butthenitstartedrainingalittlesowedecidedtotakethetrain.我們想步行爬到山頂,但是天開始下起了小雨,因此我們決定乘火車去。1)Wanttodosth.如:Iwanttocleanmybedroom.2)startdoingsth=starttodosth.開始,可與begin互換。如:Hestarteddoinghishomework.但以下幾種情況不能用begin:創(chuàng)辦,開辦:Hestartedanewbookshoplastmonth.機(jī)器開動(dòng):Ican?tstartmycar.出發(fā),動(dòng)身:Iwillstarttomorrowmorning.3)alittleAlittle,abit區(qū)別?alittle:a)可直接修飾不可數(shù)名詞;b)作副詞短語(yǔ),“一點(diǎn)兒”,在句中修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞。但abit后要加of后才可接名詞。?notalittle=verymuch表示“非?!?,但notabit=notatall表示“一點(diǎn)也不”如:Icandrawalittle,butonlyasahobby.我可以畫一點(diǎn)兒畫,但是僅僅是個(gè)愛好。It?salittlecoldoutside.外面有點(diǎn)冷。4)takethetrain乘火車17.Wewaitedoveranhourforthetrainbecausethereweretoomanypeople.因?yàn)槿颂?,所以我們等了一個(gè)多小時(shí)的火車。1)Waitfor“等候”,其后可接人或物。如:I?llwaitforyouatthedoor.Tomwaswaitingforabusoverthere.2)over:(prep.)a)“多于,超過(guò),在…以上(表示數(shù)目、程度)”=morethan如:Myfatherisover40yearsold.b)“在…之上,與物體垂直且不接觸”,與under相反。如:Thereisamapovertheblackboard.c)“超過(guò)”:Ihearthenewsovertheradio.d)“遍及”:Iwanttotravelallovertheworld.3)toomany,toomuch,muchtooa)toomany“太多”,后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如:Motherboughttoomanyeggsyesterday.b)toomuch“太多”,修飾不可數(shù)名詞或修飾動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。Wehavetoomuchworktodo.如:Don?ttalktoomuch.c)muchtoo“太”,修飾形容詞或副詞。Thehatismuchtoobigforme.如:You?rewalkingmuchtoofast.小結(jié):分辨三者的口訣:toomuch,muchtoo,用法區(qū)別看后頭:much后接不可數(shù),too后修飾形或副。toomany要記住,后面名詞必復(fù)數(shù)。18.Myfatherdidn?tbringenoughmoney.我爸爸沒(méi)帶足夠的錢。1)bring、takeBring“帶來(lái),拿來(lái)”如:Don?tforgettobringyourhomeworkheretomorrow.Take“帶走,拿走”如:Wewilltakethestudentstothemuseum.我們將帶學(xué)生到博物館去2)enougha)形容詞,“足夠的,充分的”,作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞如:Wehaveenoughtimetodoourhomework.b)副詞,“足夠地,充分地”,用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞,一般置于被修飾詞之后如:Iknowhimwellenough我對(duì)他足夠熟悉。19.Whynot?為什么不呢,Whynotdosth.為什么不做某事呢,如:Whynotgotothepartywithme?=Whydon?tyougotothepartywithme?20.Twentyminuteslater,thesunstartedtocomeup.20分鐘后,太陽(yáng)開始升起來(lái)了。Comeup“出現(xiàn),發(fā)生”如:Pleaseletmeknowifanythingcomesup.如果發(fā)生什么事的話,請(qǐng)讓我知道。21.MylegsweresotiredthatIwantedtostop.我的雙腿太累了,以至于我都想停下來(lái)。So…that…:“如此…以至于…”,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句,句中的so是副詞,常常用該修飾形容詞或副詞。拓展:Sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句,“以便,為了”如:Hegetsupearlyeverymorningsothathecancatchuptheearlybus.五、語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng)1.復(fù)合不定代詞?定義a)復(fù)合不定代詞由some;any;no;every和body;thing;one構(gòu)成的合成詞。即:復(fù)合不定代詞:something,somebody,someone;anything,anybody,anyone;nothing,nobody,noone;everything,everybody,everyoneb)它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),但不能用作定語(yǔ)。?用法(1)受定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)應(yīng)置于其后。如:Tellussomethinginteresting.給我們講點(diǎn)有趣的事。Therewasnobodytired.沒(méi)有一個(gè)人很累。Thereisnothingtoeat.這里沒(méi)有吃的東西。(2)指人的復(fù)合不定代詞若用作主語(yǔ),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù),相應(yīng)的人稱代詞和物主代詞也用單數(shù)he,him,his(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文體中常用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they,them,their.如:Ifanybody/anyonecomes,askhim/themtowait.要是有人來(lái),讓他等著。(3)anyone,everyone,someone,noone:a)只能指人,不能指物;b)且其后一般不接of短語(yǔ)。c)若是指物或后接of短語(yǔ),可用anyone,everyone(即分開寫)。?考點(diǎn)要求(1)自身的意義以及對(duì)句式的要求:構(gòu)成復(fù)合不定代詞的兩個(gè)部分分別表示不同的意義和對(duì)句式的要求以及考慮其表人還是表物。body用來(lái)表人;thing用來(lái)表物;one既可表人也可表物。some表示“某”,用于肯定陳述句或用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句中;any表示“某”,用于否定句或問(wèn)句;no表示“沒(méi)有”,用于肯定句說(shuō)明否定意義;every表示“每一”,用于肯定句或問(wèn)句。(2)主謂一致性關(guān)系:復(fù)合不定代詞任何時(shí)候都看為單數(shù),作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。如:錯(cuò):EverybodyinourclassareinterestedinEnglish.對(duì):EverybodyinourclassisinterestedinEnglish.(3)定語(yǔ)后置關(guān)系:對(duì)復(fù)合不定代詞進(jìn)行修飾的詞語(yǔ)必須后置放在它的后面。如:錯(cuò):Ihaveimportantsomethingtotellyou.對(duì):Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.(4)none和其它復(fù)合不定代詞的用法區(qū)別:none在句中不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ),但可同of連用帶名詞一起作主語(yǔ);其它復(fù)合不定代詞可單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ),但不能同of連用。如:錯(cuò):Heisnewhere,sononeknowshim.對(duì):Heisnewhere,sonooneknowshim.錯(cuò):NobodyofthemhasbeentoEnglandbefore.對(duì):NoneofthemhasbeentoEnglandbefore..(5)代換復(fù)合不定代詞的人稱代詞:在使用人稱代詞代換復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),應(yīng)考慮其表人還是表物。表人時(shí),用they代換;表物時(shí),用it代換。如:Somethingiswrongwithyourcomputer,isn?tit?Nobodyhasbeentherebefore,havethey?注意:熟記以下短語(yǔ)搭配1.anythingbut并不,一點(diǎn)也不2.nothingbut僅僅...;只不過(guò)...只有…3.something/anythingof(略有;多少)4.muchof(大有)5.nothing/littleof(全無(wú);毫無(wú))6.somethinglike(似乎;略微)如:?Heissomethingofaphilosopher.他略具哲學(xué)家風(fēng)范。?Hehasseensomethingoflife.他略具閱歷。?Heisverymuchofapoet.他大有詩(shī)人氣派。?Heisnothingofamusician.他全無(wú)音樂(lè)家的風(fēng)味。?Heislittleofascholar.他幾無(wú)學(xué)者風(fēng)度。?Itshapedsomethinglikeacigar.其形狀略似雪茄。?He'sanythingbutdiligent.他并不用功。?Theboyisnothingbutarascal.這個(gè)男孩是個(gè)小淘氣。Therewasnothingbutsilenceintheroom.這間屋內(nèi)聲息全無(wú),一片寂靜補(bǔ)充:1.secondtonone獨(dú)一無(wú)二的2.alltonothing一定3.fornothing徒勞,免費(fèi)4.benothingto對(duì).....無(wú)所謂5.tosaynothingof更談不到....6.gofornothing白費(fèi);沒(méi)有價(jià)值7.havenothingtodobutdosth.只能做...8.thereisnothingtodosth.沒(méi)什么好...11.nothingbut僅僅...;只不過(guò)...;只有12.nothingifnot非常...13.cometonothing沒(méi)有結(jié)果;失敗14.thinknothingof認(rèn)為...算不了什么15.havenothingtodowith和...無(wú)關(guān)16.thereisnothinginit.那根本沒(méi)有道理21.anythingbut并不,一點(diǎn)也不如:He'sanythingbutdiligent.他并不用功。22.nothingadjtodo“沒(méi)什么事可做”如:Ihavenothingspecialtodothisafternoon.今天下午我沒(méi)有什么特殊的事要做。23.nothingbut“只有,除..之外什么也沒(méi)有”;24.havenothingtodobutdosth.“只能做某事”=havenochancebuttodosth.如:Ihadnothingbutacupofteathismorning.我今天早上只喝了杯茶。IhadnothingtodobutwatchTV.w我只能看電視了。2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)的規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞1)規(guī)則變化?直接加ed:work--worked?以e結(jié)尾的單詞,直接加d:live---lived?以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的,變y為i加ed:study---studied?以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的,直接加ed:enjoy---enjoyed?以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的,雙寫最后的輔音字母+ed:stop---stopped2)不規(guī)則變化現(xiàn)在式過(guò)去式中文意思現(xiàn)在式過(guò)去式中文意思am,iswas是maymight可能arewere是meanmeant意思是becomebecame變成meetmet遇見,見面beginbegan開始mustmust必須,應(yīng)該buildbuilt建筑putput放buybought買readread閱讀cancould可以riderode琦catchcaught抓住runran跑comecame來(lái)saysaid說(shuō)cutcut切seesaw看見digdug挖sellsold賣do,doesdid做sendsent發(fā)送drawdrew畫畫setset放置drinkdrank喝shakeshook搖晃drivedrove駕駛shallshould應(yīng)該eatate吃shineshone照耀fallfell落下showshowed表現(xiàn),表演feedfed喂養(yǎng)singsang唱feelfelt感覺sitsat坐fightfought大家sleepslept睡覺findfound尋找到smellsmelt聞flyflew飛speakspoke說(shuō)getgot得到spellspelt拼givegave給standstood站gowent去swimswam游泳has,havehad有,吃swingswung蕩秋千hearheard聽見taketook拿,花費(fèi),拍holdheld握住teachtaught教hurthurt受傷telltold告訴keepkept保持thinkthought思考knowknew知道throwthrew扔learnlearntlearned學(xué)習(xí)wakewokewaked醒來(lái)leaveleft離開wearwore穿letlet讓willwould將lightlitlighted點(diǎn)燃winwon贏loselost丟失writewrote寫makemade制作Unit2.Howoftendoyouexercise?一.、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)歸納:1.gotothemovies=gotothecinema去看電影2.lookafter=takecareof照顧3.surftheinternet上網(wǎng)4.healthylifestyle健康的生活方式5.goskateboarding去滑滑板watchTV看電視6.keephealthy=stayhealthy=keepingoodhealth保持健康keep+形容詞,“表保持某種狀態(tài)”dosomereading閱讀7.exercise=take/do(much)exercise=dosports鍛煉8.eatinghabit飲食習(xí)慣9.takemoreexercise做更多的運(yùn)動(dòng)10.bethesameas與什么相同11.onceamonth一月一次12.bedifferentfrom不同13.twiceaweek一周兩次.threetimesaweek一周三次14.makeadifferenceto對(duì)什么有影響如:Asteachers,youmustbelievethatyoucanmakeadifferencetothelivesofyourstudents.身為教師,你們必須堅(jiān)信你們能夠影響學(xué)生的一生。如:Afalsestepwillmakeagreatdifferencetomyfuture.錯(cuò)走一步對(duì)我的前程來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大影響。15.howoften多久一次,詢問(wèn)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的頻率howmanytimes多少次,用來(lái)提問(wèn)做某事的次數(shù)16.although=though雖然<不能與but連用>17.mostofthestudents=moststudents大多數(shù)學(xué)生18.shop=goshopping=dosomeshopping購(gòu)物19.asfor至于20.activitysurvey活動(dòng)調(diào)查21.dohomework做家庭作業(yè)22.dohousework做家務(wù)事23.eatlessmeat吃更少的肉24.junkfood垃圾食物25.begoodfor對(duì)什么有益26.bebadfor對(duì)什么有害27.wanttodosth想做某事28.wantsbtodosth想某人做某事29.trytodosth盡量做某事30.comehomefromschool放學(xué)回家31.ofcourse=certainly=sure當(dāng)然32.getgoodgrades取得好成績(jī)33.someadvice一些建議someadvice中的advice是不可數(shù)名詞apieceofadvice一則建議giveadvice提出建議takeone?sadvice采納或聽從某人的建議34.helpsbtodosth幫助某人做某事=helpsbwithsth35.alotofvegetables=manyvegetables許多蔬菜36.hardly=almostnot幾乎不hardlyever很少,幾乎不,從不37.keep/beingoodhealth保持健康38.yourfavoriteprogram你最喜歡的節(jié)目39.AnimalWorld動(dòng)物世界40.playsoccer踢足球41.everyday每天42.onceortwiceaweek每周一兩次43.threeorfourtimesaweek每周三四次44.atGreenHighSchool在格林高中45.allstudents所有的學(xué)生46.moststudents大多數(shù)學(xué)生47.somestudents一些學(xué)生48.nostudents沒(méi)有學(xué)生49.theresultofasurvey調(diào)查結(jié)果50.theresultfor“watchTV”“看電視”的調(diào)查結(jié)果51.improveyourEnglish提高你的英語(yǔ)52.drinkmilk喝牛奶53.prettyhealthy相當(dāng)健康pretty,adv.相當(dāng),非常Pretty(用作副詞時(shí))=rather=very=quite非常,相當(dāng)54.kindof=alittle有點(diǎn)IthinkI?mkindofunhealthy.我想我有點(diǎn)不健康。55.onweekends在周末56.asksb.aboutsth.就某事詢問(wèn)某人57.bydoingsth.通過(guò)做某事58.goonline去上網(wǎng)59.theanswertothequestion問(wèn)題的答案60.stayuplate熬夜61.thebestwaytodosth.做某事的最好方式62.atleasttwiceaweek一周至少2次63.suchas比如;諸如64.lessthan少于《----》morethan多于65.hardlyever幾乎從不66.swingdance搖擺舞67.gotobedearly早點(diǎn)睡覺68.inone?sfreetime在某人的業(yè)余時(shí)間69.helpwithhousework幫忙做家務(wù)70.oldhabitsdiehard積習(xí)難改71.playtennis打網(wǎng)球72.havedanceandpianolessons上舞蹈課和鋼琴課73.goshopping=dosomeshopping購(gòu)物74.spendtimewithsb.和某人一起度過(guò)時(shí)光75.spendtime/moneyonsth.在某方面花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢76.spendtime/money(in)doingsth.花費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢做某事77.sometimes=attimes有時(shí)78.helpwithhousework幫助做家務(wù)二、重點(diǎn)句子:1.Howoftendoyouexercise?你(你們)多久鍛煉一次身體,解析:Howoften+助動(dòng)詞do(does或did)+主語(yǔ)+dosth.?疑問(wèn)詞howoften是問(wèn)頻率(多久一次),(在這里助動(dòng)詞do(does或did)是起幫助構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)的作用)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用,回答一般是用表示頻率的副詞,如:once,twice,threetimes…,sometimes,often,quite,often,never,everyday,onceaweek,twiceamonth,threetimesamonth,threeorfourtimesamonth等。Eg1)——Howoftendoyougotothefactory?——Twiceaweek.你們多久到工廠去一次,每星期兩次。Eg2)——Howoftendoeshegoshopping?——Hegoesshoppingonceamonth.2.——“Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?”——“Iusuallyplaysoccer.”“周末你通常做什么,”“我通常踢足球?!苯馕?第一個(gè)do為助動(dòng)詞,在這起幫助構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)的作用;而第二個(gè)do則是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。Eg1)Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends?Ioftengotothemovies.Eg2)Whatdoessheusuallydoonweekends?Shesometimesgohiking.3.——“What?syourfavoriteprogram?”——“It?sAnimalWorld.”“你最喜歡什么節(jié)目,”“動(dòng)物世界?!?.Asforhomework,moststudentsdohomeworkeveryday.解析:asfor...意思是“至于;關(guān)于”,常用于句首作狀語(yǔ),其后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞的-ing形式(即動(dòng)名詞)。如:Asforhim,Ineverwanttoseehimhere.至于他,我永遠(yuǎn)不希望在這里見到。Asformyself,Idon?twanttogonow.至于我自己,我現(xiàn)在不想去。5.Momwantsmetogetupat6:00andplayping-pongwithher.解析:wanttodosth.意思是“想要做某事”;wantsb.todosth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如:Eg1)Doyouwanttogotothemovieswithme,你想和我一起去看電影嗎,Eg2)Theteacherdoesn'twantustoeathamburgers.老師不想讓我們吃漢堡包。注意:有很多動(dòng)詞后面用這種結(jié)構(gòu)做動(dòng)詞的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ),如:asksb.todosth.叫某人做某事tellsb.todosth.告訴某人去做某事helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事6.Shesaysit?sgoodformyhealth.解析:begoodfor...表示“對(duì)……有益(有好處)”;其反義為:bebadfor...。(這里for是介詞,后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞)如:Eg1)It'sgoodforustodomorereading.多讀書對(duì)我們有好處。Eg2)Readinginbedisbadforyoureyes.在床上讀書對(duì)你的眼睛有害。7.Howmanyhoursdoyousleepeverynight?8.Iexerciseeveryday,usuallywhenIcomehomefromschool.9.Myeatinghabitsareprettygood.解析:這里pretty相當(dāng)于very。10.Itrytoeatalotofvegetables,usuallytentoeleventimesaweek.解析:trytodosth.表示“盡力做某事”,不包含是否成功的意思trydoingsth.表示“(用某一辦法)試著去做某事”。如:eg)You?dbettertrydoingtheexperimentinanotherway.你最好試試用另一種方法做這個(gè)試驗(yàn)。11.Myhealthylifestylehelpsmegetgoodgrades.解析:helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事12.Goodfoodandexercisehelpmetostudybetter.解析:這里better是well的比較級(jí),而不是good的比較級(jí)13.Isherlifestylethesameasyoursordifferent?,Isherlifestylethesameasyourlifestyleorisherlifestyledifferentfromyours?解析:bethesameas…/bedifferentfrom…14.Whatsportsdoyouplay?15.Alotofvegetableshelpyoutokeepingoodhealth.解析:keepingoodhealth=keephealthy=stayhealthy16.Youmusttrytoeatlessmeat.解析:trytodosth.表示“盡力做某事”,不包含是否成功的意思,less是little的比較級(jí)17.Thatsoundsinteresting.解析:這是“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)的簡(jiǎn)單句。sound(聽起來(lái)),look(看起來(lái)),smell(聞起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái)),feel(覺得),seem(好象),grow(變得),get(變得)等詞在英語(yǔ)中可用作系動(dòng)詞,后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。如:Eg1)Ittastesgood.這味道好。Eg2)Themusicsoundsverysweet.這音樂(lè)聽起來(lái)很入耳。Eg3)Thesmokegrewheavierandheavier.煙霧變得越來(lái)越濃了。18.IthinkI?mkindofunhealthy.我想我有點(diǎn)不健康。解析:kindof=alittleakindof一種19.Exercisesuchasplayingbasketballisfun.像打籃球這樣的鍛煉是有趣的。20.although=though雖然<不能與but連用>如:Althoughheisold,heisquitestrong.(Heisold,butheisquitestrong.)解析:句子中,有although或though就不可再用but,但可用yet或still“仍然,還”;與之類似的情況:有because就不能再用so.21.Shesaysit?sgoodformyhealth.她說(shuō)它對(duì)我的健康有好處。解析:begoodfor對(duì)…有益;其反義詞組:bebadfor對(duì)…有害如:Eatingvegetablesisgoodforyourhealth.吃蔬菜對(duì)你的健康有益。辨析:begoodfor,begoodat,begoodwithbegoodfor“對(duì)…有益”;begoodat“擅長(zhǎng)于”;begoodwith“和…相處的好”;如:I?mgoodatplayingfootball.Areyougoodatchildren?22.Howcome?怎么回事,解析:表示某件事很奇怪,有點(diǎn)想不通。可單獨(dú)使用,也可引導(dǎo)一個(gè)問(wèn)句,相當(dāng)于疑問(wèn)詞why.但howcome開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句使用的仍是陳述語(yǔ)序。如:Howcomeyoudidn?ttellmeaboutit?=Whydidn?tyoutellmeaboutit?你怎么不早點(diǎn)告訴我這件事,23.well,howaboutTuesday?哦,那星期二怎么樣啊,解析:Howabout…?=Whatabout…?,“…怎么樣”,用來(lái)向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖?。?It?sverysunnytoday,how/whataboutplayingtennis?24.Twentypercentdon?texerciseatall.20%的學(xué)生根本不鍛煉。解析:“not…atall”“一點(diǎn)也不;根本不”如:Hedidn?tdohishomeworkatallyesterday.昨天他根本沒(méi)有做作業(yè)。拓展:notatall“不客氣”=youarewelcome.如:---Thankyouverymuch.---Notatall三、詞語(yǔ)辨析1.注意sometimes與幾個(gè)形似的詞的區(qū)別。(1)sometime是副詞,意為“在某個(gè)時(shí)候”,“某時(shí)”例:Willyoucomeagainsometimenextweek?(2)sometime是名詞詞組,意為“一段時(shí)間”,做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用例:Iwillstayhereforsometime.我將在這呆一段時(shí)間。(3)sometimes是名詞詞組,意為“幾次,幾倍”例:Imethimsometimesinthestreetlastmonth.上個(gè)月我在街上遇到他好幾次了。(4)sometimes是頻度副詞,意為“有時(shí)”=attimes例:Hesometimesgoesskateboardingonweekends.他有時(shí)周末去滑滑板。2.time意為“時(shí)間”時(shí),為不可數(shù)名詞。意為“次數(shù),倍數(shù)”時(shí),為可數(shù)名詞,例1:Whattimeisit?例2:Igotothemoviesthreetimesaweek.注意:1)“次數(shù)”的表達(dá)方法:一次once;兩次twice;三次或三次以上用基數(shù)詞加上times:threetimes、fivetimes、onehundredtimes.2)表示“……幾次”的表達(dá)方法是:onceaday/aweek/amonth/ayeartwiceaday/aweek/amonth/ayear3.same與different解析:1)same指“相同的”,前面通常要有一個(gè)定冠詞the,但是如果same前面已經(jīng)有this,those等詞,不能再與the連用了。例:Weareinthesameclass.我們?cè)谕粋€(gè)班級(jí)。結(jié)構(gòu):thesameas與......一樣如:例:Hismarkisthesameasmine.他的分?jǐn)?shù)和我的分?jǐn)?shù)一樣。2)different譯為“不同的”,其后的可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)形式。例:Weareindifferentclasses.我們?cè)诓煌陌嗉?jí)。結(jié)構(gòu):bedifferentfrom與......不同例:Thissweaterisdifferentfromthatone.這件毛衣與那一件不同。different的名詞形式為difference,復(fù)數(shù)形式為differences。4.hard/hardly1)hard:hard既可作形容詞,也可作副詞。adj.辛苦的,困難的adv.努力,使勁地例1:Hehadahard(adj.)timeinthepast.例2:It'sahard(adj.)question.(=difficult)這是一個(gè)難的問(wèn)題。例3:Theboystudiesveryhard(adv.).那男孩學(xué)習(xí)非常努力例4:Heworkshard.他努力工作。結(jié)構(gòu):It'shardforsbtodosth做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是難的。如:例:It'shardforhimtofinishthework.完成那項(xiàng)工作對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)很難。注意區(qū)分:hardwork困難的工作workhard努力工作2)hardly:是頻度副詞,表示否定的意思。(=almostnot)通常用在形容詞、副詞和動(dòng)詞之前,幾乎不,簡(jiǎn)直不例1)Icanhardlyseeit.我?guī)缀蹩床坏剿?。?)Hehardlyworks.他幾乎不工作。反意疑問(wèn)句:Ithardlyrainshere,doesit?5.howoften/howlong/howsoon/howfar1)howoften:“隔多久一次”,指動(dòng)作的頻率,答語(yǔ)常用often,never,twiceaweek等表示頻率的副詞或短語(yǔ)。(用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過(guò)去時(shí))例1)Howoftendoyougotothemovies?例2)Onceaweek./Inevergotothemovies.2)howlong:1)“(延續(xù))多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,答語(yǔ)常用for,時(shí)間段或since,時(shí)間點(diǎn)。(用于各種時(shí)態(tài));2)詢問(wèn)物體的長(zhǎng)度。例1)HowlongistheYellowRiver?例2)HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?例3)Ihavelearneditfor5years.例4)Ihavelearneditsince5yearsago.3)howsoon:“還要多久才…,多久以后”,答語(yǔ)常用“in,時(shí)間段”。(用于一般將來(lái)時(shí))例1)Howsoonwillshecomeback?例2)She?llcomebackinanhour.4)howfar:“多遠(yuǎn)”,詢問(wèn)距離。例1)Canyoutellmehowfaritisfromheretoyourhome?例2)——Howfarisitfromyourhometoourschool?——It?s2kilometersaway.6.句型“Itis+adj.+(forsb)todosth."和“Itis+adj.+(ofsb)todosth.區(qū)別"兩個(gè)句型中,forsb和ofsb怎么區(qū)別,在使用時(shí)要注意adj是說(shuō)明sb的品質(zhì)特點(diǎn)的還是說(shuō)明todosth的就可以了.即:說(shuō)明sb的品質(zhì)特點(diǎn)用ofsb;說(shuō)明todosth用forsb.,簡(jiǎn)單一句話說(shuō)就是:說(shuō)人的用ofsb.;說(shuō)事的用forsb。1)forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特點(diǎn),表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,important,impossible等;如:It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)學(xué)兩門外語(yǔ)是很難的。2)ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態(tài)度的形容詞,如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。如:It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.你來(lái)幫助我,你真是太好了。例:Itisdifficultforhimtofinishthetaskwithintwohours.(difficult說(shuō)明完成任務(wù)難)Itiskindofyoutohelpme.(kind說(shuō)明你善良)7.across與through區(qū)別across為“橫穿”,與“道路”交叉形成“十字”,即:從物體表面經(jīng)過(guò),如:過(guò)河、過(guò)橋、過(guò)馬路。而through為在立體空間中的“穿過(guò)”即:從物體內(nèi)部經(jīng)過(guò),如:穿過(guò)森林、隧道。如:gothroughtheforest“穿過(guò)森林”;goacrossthestreet“穿過(guò)大街”8.everyday與everyday區(qū)別1)everyday作狀語(yǔ),譯為“每一天”。如:Wegotoschoolat7:10everyday.我們每天7:10去上學(xué)。2)everyday作定語(yǔ),譯為“日常的”。如:ShewatcheseverydayEnglishonTVafterdinner.她晚飯后在電視上看日常英語(yǔ)。What'syoureverydayactivity?你的日?;顒?dòng)是什么,9.stayup與stayuplate區(qū)別1)stayup“熬夜、不睡覺”如:Hestayedupallnighttowritehisstory.他熬了一整夜寫他的小說(shuō)。2)stayuplate“熬夜到很晚,遲睡”如:Don?tstayuplatenexttime.下次不要再熬夜很晚了。四、語(yǔ)法專項(xiàng):頻度副詞1.定義:表示抽象的次數(shù)、頻率的副詞稱為頻度副詞。常用的頻度副詞按頻率發(fā)生的高低依次為always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>hardlyever>never如:Hehardlyneverexercises.他幾乎從不鍛煉。注意:表示具體的次數(shù)、頻率時(shí),一次用once,兩次用twice,三次及以上用“基數(shù)詞+times”表示。如:Iplaysoccertwiceaweek.我每周踢兩次足球。2.在句中的位置1)一般放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前,be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后。如:Wenevereatjunkfood.我們從來(lái)不吃垃圾食品。Icanhardlysayaword.我?guī)缀跽f(shuō)不出一句話來(lái)。Heissometimesverybusy.他有時(shí)很忙。2)有些頻度副詞也可位于句首,但表示不同的含義?sometimes常用于句首,和位于句中區(qū)別不大。如:SometimesJackplayscomputergames.?often用于句首時(shí),通常表示強(qiáng)調(diào),且其前一般有quite,very修飾。如:Veryoftenhegoesonline.他上網(wǎng)很經(jīng)常。?usually有時(shí)也可用于句首,其前不用修飾語(yǔ)。如:Usuallymyfathergetsupearly.?always一般不用于句首,但可用于祈使句中。如:Alwaysrememberthis.請(qǐng)時(shí)刻記住這一點(diǎn)。3)對(duì)頻度副詞提問(wèn)時(shí),用特殊疑問(wèn)詞howoften。如:--Howoftendoyouexercise?--Hardlyever.幾乎從不。Unit3I?mmoreoutgoingthanmysister.一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)歸納1.talkabout談?wù)?.insomeways在某些方面3.morethan超過(guò),多于4.thingsincommon共同之處5.begoodatsth.=dowellinsth.擅長(zhǎng)于sth.6.(not)as…as…(不)如……一樣……7havefundoingsth.享受做某事的樂(lè)趣8.makesb.dosth.讓某人做某事9.lookthesame看起來(lái)一樣10.talkto/with和……談話11.stopdoingsth.停止做某事12.stoptodosth停下來(lái)接著做某事13.begin/startwith以……開始14.endwith以……結(jié)束15.inthemiddleof在……中間16.aswimmingpool游泳池17.ontheotherhand=ontheopposite另一方面(邊)18.afterthat自那以后19.begoodwith=getonwellwith和……相處得好20.aroundChina=alloverChina全中國(guó)21.usesth.todosth.=dosth.withsth.用……來(lái)做……22.Asyoucansee.正如你所見到的那樣.23.morethanonesister不只一個(gè)姐妹24.havegoodgrades有好成績(jī)25.oppositeviewsandinterests對(duì)立的觀點(diǎn)和興趣26.enjoytellingjokes喜歡講笑話27.stayathomeandread呆在家里看書28.getthejob得到這份工作29.dothesamethingassb.跟某人做一樣的事情30.eachother互相31.enjoyoneself=havegreatfun=haveagoodtime玩得高興32.spendsometime[in]doingsth.=spendsometimeonsth.花時(shí)間做某事33.plantodosth.計(jì)劃做某事34.onafarm在農(nóng)場(chǎng)35.moreoutgoing更外向36.thesingingcompetition唱歌比賽37.besimilarto與……相像的/類似38.bethesameas和……相同;與……一致39.bedifferentfrom與……不同40.careabout關(guān)心;介意41.belikeamirror像一面鏡子42.themostimportant最重要的43.aslongas只要;既然44.bringout使顯現(xiàn);使表現(xiàn)出45.getbettergrades取得更好的成績(jī)46.reachfor伸手取47.infact事實(shí)上;實(shí)際上48.makefriendswithsb和某人交朋友49.touchone?sheart感動(dòng)某人50.betalentedinmusic有音樂(lè)天賦51.begoodatdoingsth擅長(zhǎng)做某事52.begoodwith善于與……相處53.playthedrums打鼓54.runfast跑得快55.jumphigh跳得高56.workashardassb.和某人一樣努力工作57.getupearly早起床58.singwell唱得好59.theonewithshorterhair頭發(fā)較短的那個(gè)60.primaryschool小學(xué)二、重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)用法:1.laugh?vi.“笑、發(fā)笑”(出聲的大笑)如:Wealllaughedloudlywhenshemadeajoke.她說(shuō)了個(gè)笑話,我們都大聲笑起來(lái)。Helaughsbestwholaughslast.誰(shuí)笑在最后,誰(shuí)笑得最好。/不要高興得太早。詞組:laughat嘲笑、因…而笑如:Don?tlaughathim.別嘲笑他。Peoplehaveoftenlaughedatstoriestoldbyseamen.人們常常嘲笑海員所講的故事。?n.“笑;笑聲”注意:Smile:v.“無(wú)聲的微笑”詞組:smileat“向…微笑”如:Hesmiledatme.他朝我微笑。2.though?conj.“雖然;縱然;即使;盡管”=although如:Thoughitwasraining,hewentthere.雖然當(dāng)時(shí)正下著雨,他還是到那里去了。Thoughhewaspoorhewashappy.雖然他很窮卻很快樂(lè)。注意:不能受漢語(yǔ)的影響,在though引導(dǎo)的從句后使用but。如:Thoughhewaspoor,buthewashappy.(誤)?adv..“不過(guò),可是,然而”,常用于句末,用逗號(hào)隔開。Jimsaidthathewouldcome,hedidn?t,though.3.har
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