福建省百校聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期正月開學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題

絕密★啟用前2023～2024學(xué)年福建百校聯(lián)考高三正月開學(xué)考英語(yǔ)全卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前、先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將條形碼粘貼在名題號(hào)上的指定位置2.請(qǐng)按題號(hào)順序在答題卡上各題目的答題區(qū)城內(nèi)作答，寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上約作答題區(qū)城均無(wú)效，3.選擇題用2B鉛筆在答題卡上把所選答案的標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑;非選擇題用黑色簽字筆在答題卡上作答;宇體工整，筆跡清楚。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.?19.15.B.?9.18.C.?9.15.答案是C。1.Whoisthewomanhavingaconversationwith?A.Areporter.BAtravelagentC.Ashopassistant.2.Whataspectofthesculptureistheman’sfavourite?A.Thematerial.B.ThedesignerC.Thecolour3.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthelecture?A.It’sinteresting.B.There’snothingbetterthanit.C.Shedoesn’tlikeitatall.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Takingphotos.B.Careerchoices.C.Familyrelationships.5.Whyisthecustomerangry?A.Themanwasrudetoher.B.Shedidn’tgetherfood.C.Themanagerrefusedtotalktoher.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Coworkers.B.Tutorandstudent.C.Classmates7.Whenwillthespeakersprobablymeetnexttime?A.OnThursday.B.OnMondayC.OnFriday.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Helikesfreshcoconut.B.Hepreferscoconuttobedried.C.Hedislikesthetasteofcoconut.9.Whatdidthespeakersjustbuylastweekend?A.ButterB.CarrotsC.Pictures.10.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Turntheovenon.B.BuysomeeggsC.Cutthecoconutintopiece.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdidthewomanlastread?A.GreatExpectations.B.WarandPeace.C.TheHistoryofJewsinRussia.12、Whatkindofbooksdoesthewomanwanttoreadnow?A.Moreseriousliterature.B.Bestsellers.C.Onesaboutfamilylife.13.Whatisthemanprobably?A.Awriter.B.Ahistorian.C.Alibrarian.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Howlongdidtheman’striplast?A.FivemonthsB.Twoweeks.C.Ayear.15.WhydidthewomanplantogotoBrazillastyear?A.Toacpanyherboss.B.Tovisitherparents.C.Tohaveabusinesstrip.16.Whatwillthewomandofortheman?A.Findhimaplacetolive.B.Offerhimsomefood.C.Introducehimtoherfriend.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttoshowbytellingthestory?A.Kids’struggleinlearninginstruments.B.Thebenefitsofmusic.C.Thepopularityoflearningthepiano.18.Whendidthemanstartpractisingpiano?A.Whenhewas15yearsold.B.Whenhewas4yearsold.C.Whenhewasahighschoolstudent.19.Whathelpedthemanfindconfidence?A.HistrainingB.Hisattitude.CHisachievement.20.Whichcansummarizethemainideaofthetalk?A.Loveisathingthatgrows.B.Practicemakesperfect.C.Contentisbetterthanriches.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAlanguagecorpus(語(yǔ)料庫(kù))isahugecollectionoftextstakenfromprint,video,audioandothersources.ItisapowerfultoolthatcanhelpyoulearnmoreaboutEnglishwordsandphrases.TheCorpusofContemporaryAmericanEnglish,orCOCA,containsoveronebillionwordsfrom1990to2019.Andithasmanywaystohelplearnersfindoutmoreabouthowwordsareused.HowtouseCOCAFirst,youwillneedtoregisterwithCOCAtousethecollection.Youcanregisterfortwokindsofaccounts.Afreeaccountlimitsyouto20searchesforwordswithinany24hourperiod.Apaidaccountwillgiveyou200searcheswithinany24hourperiod.HerearethestepsforusingCOCAtofindexamplesofhowawordisused.Wewillusethewordprofoundtoshowthis.·Onthehomepage.typethewordprofoundinthewhitesearchboxontheleftsideofthescreen.·Click“findmatchingstrings”justbelowthesearchboxThiswilltakeyoutoanewwebpage.·Onthisnewpage.youwillseethewordprofoundinblue.Clickonit.·Youwillnowseeapagewith100examplesusingthewordprofound,andthewordprofoundisshowningreen.Thesourceofeachexampleisshownontheleftside.·Ifyouclickonthesourceontheleft,COCAwillshowyoualargerpartofthetextcontainingtheexample.·Ifyouwanttoseemoreexamples,clickthetwoforwardpagearrows>>atthetoporbottomleft.Thisbringsyoutothenext100examples.Inthisway,youmightfindmorekindsofsourcesfortheexamples.1.WhatisCOCA?A.AtextbookonAmericanEnglishchanges.B.AreportaboutthedevelopmentofEnglish.C.AnEssentialtoolforbeginnersofEnglish.D.AdatabaseofContemporaryAmericanEnglish.2.Whatisthedisadvantageofafreeaccount?A.Only200searchesavailable. B.Lessusagewithin24hours.C.Only20examplesperword. D.Difficultyinapplyingforanaccount.3.Howcanyoufindabroadersourceforeachexample?A.Reenterthiswordonthehomepage. B.Clickanotherpagewith100moreexamples.C.Clickontheleftsideoftherelevantexample. D.Clickpagearrowsatthetoporbottomleft.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了當(dāng)代美國(guó)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的使用方法?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TheCorpusofContemporaryAmericanEnglish,orCOCA,containsoveronebillionwordsfrom1990to2019.Andithasmanywaystohelplearnersfindoutmoreabouthowwordsareused.(當(dāng)代美國(guó)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)（COCA）從1990年到2019年包含了超過(guò)10億個(gè)單詞。它有很多方法來(lái)幫助學(xué)習(xí)者更多地了解單詞是如何使用的)”可知，COCA是當(dāng)代美國(guó)英語(yǔ)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。故選D。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afreeaccountlimitsyouto20searchesforwordswithinany24hourperiod.(免費(fèi)帳戶限制您在任何24小時(shí)內(nèi)搜索20個(gè)單詞)”可知，免費(fèi)帳戶的缺點(diǎn)是24小時(shí)內(nèi)限制使用。故選B。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“·Ifyouclickonthesourceontheleft,COCAwillshowyoualargerpartofthetextcontainingtheexample.(·如果您點(diǎn)擊左側(cè)的源代碼，COCA將顯示包含示例的大部分文本)”可知，單擊相關(guān)示例左側(cè)的可以為每個(gè)示例找到更廣泛的來(lái)源。故選C。BWhenIwasinmysecondyearinseniorhighschool,IfoundafourdollaranhourparttimejobatVillanovaPizza.Likemanyofmyfriends,Ilongedtoearnsomepocketmoneyfromthejobaswellasgainingsocialexperience.JustoneweekafterIworkedthere,Stubby,themanager,calledmeintohisoffice.Asthesayinggoes,“l(fā)ifeisn’tabedofroses”.Myfirstjobendedinfailure,HisreasonwasthatIshoweduplatetwiceandtookmorebreaksthanothers.“Oh,I’maloser,”Ithoughttomyself.Ibelievedthatthoughtwassharedbymybrothers,neitherofwhomhadeverbeenfired,andmymother,thoughshewouldneverexpressitinthoseterms.“Iamtoosadtodoanything,”Iplainedtomyfather.Afterlisteningtomywords,helaughed.“It’snotfunny;I’maloser,”Isaid.“No,you’renot.Thisisapartofgrowingup.Youwillbeallright,mydeardaughter,”hesaid,pattingmyshoulder.“Trustme.Youaregoodenough.”Ilookedintomyfather’seyesandIcouldseehereallytrustedme.AndIbelievedhim.Sincethen,“Trustme.Youaregoodenough”aretheonlywordsIhaverepeatedtomyself.IhaveworkedhardtobeabetterpersonandcherishedeverychanceIhavegot.Finally,Isucceededinenteringagooduniversity.AftergraduationIfoundmydreamjob.Icouldn’twaittocallmyfatherandshowmygratitude.Lookaheadwhenyouexperiencesomethingunpleasantandthereisalwayssomeonearoundbelievinginyou.Whentheybelieveinus,webegintobelieveinourselves,too.Theytelluswearegoodenoughoverandoveruntilwecanhearit.4.Whywastheauthorfired?A.Shewasusuallylateforwork,B.Shehadnosocialexperience,C.Shehadtoomanybreaks.D.Shefailedtopletehertask.5.Whatdidtheauthor’sfatherdoafterknowingherfailure?A.Helaughedather.B.Heplainedtothecruelboss.C.Hewastoosadtodoanything.D.Hefortedherandsaidhebelievedinher.6.Whatdidtheauthordoassoonasshefoundherdreamjob?A.Shephonedherfatherandthankedhim.B.Shereturnedhometohaveacelebration.C.Sheshowedhergratitudetoherteacher.D.Sheinvitedherfamilytoabigparty.7.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’sfather?A.Strictanddevoted.B.Caringandkind.C.Ambitiousandbrave.D.Humbleandhumorous.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章敘述了作者在高二的時(shí)候做一份兼職被解雇而備受打擊，在父親的幫助下，作者重拾信心的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Myfirstjobendedinfailure,HisreasonwasthatIshoweduplatetwiceandtookmorebreaksthanothers.(我的第一份工作以失敗告終，他的原因是我遲到了兩次，休息時(shí)間比其他人多)”可知，經(jīng)理之所以將作者辭退，是因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為作者遲到了并中途休息了太多次。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的““No,you’renot.Thisisapartofgrowingup.Youwillbeallright,mydeardaughter,”hesaid,pattingmyshoulder.“Trustme.Youaregoodenough.”(“不，你不是。這是成長(zhǎng)的一部分。你會(huì)沒(méi)事的，我親愛(ài)的女兒，”他拍拍我的肩膀說(shuō)。“相信我。你已經(jīng)足夠好了。”)”以及第四段的“Ilookedintomyfather’seyesandIcouldseehereallytrustedme.(我看著父親的眼睛，我能看出他是真的信任我)”可推知，作者在告訴父親她的經(jīng)歷后，父親安慰她、鼓勵(lì)她，并給她信任。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“AftergraduationIfoundmydreamjob.Icouldn’twaittocallmyfatherandshowmygratitude.(畢業(yè)后.我找到了理想的工作。我迫不及待地打給我父親，表達(dá)我的感激之情)”可知，作者在找到理想的工作后，第一時(shí)間就給她父親打了去分享這個(gè)事，并表達(dá)了對(duì)父親的感激。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Lookaheadwhenyouexperiencesomethingunpleasantandthereisalwayssomeonearoundbelievinginyou.Whentheybelieveinus,webegintobelieveinourselves,too.Theytelluswearegoodenoughoverandoveruntilwecanhearit.(當(dāng)你經(jīng)歷一些不愉快的事情時(shí)，要向前看，周圍總是有人相信你。當(dāng)他們相信我們時(shí)，我們也開始相信自己。他們一遍又一遍地告訴我們我們已經(jīng)足夠好了，直到我們能聽(tīng)到為止)”以及上文可知，文章敘述了作者在高二的時(shí)候做了一份兼職而不久就被解雇了。這給作者的內(nèi)心造成很大傷害以至于作者不相信自己的能力。而后來(lái)跟父親分享之后，在父親的鼓勵(lì)下，作者重拾信心，考上理想大學(xué)，并在畢業(yè)后找到了理想的工作。由此推知，作者的父親是關(guān)心他人且和藹的。故選B項(xiàng)。CThroughouthistory,technologicalprogresshasbroughtnewwealthbuthasnotalwaysimprovedpeople’slives.Economistsnowsayitisnotclearwhetherartificialintelligence(AI)willhelporhurtsociety.McKinleyisabusinessconsultingpany.ItsaidAIcouldaddbetween$14trillionand$22trillionofvaluetotheworld’seconomy.Supporterssaythetechnologywillcreatewealthandimprovelivingstandards.SomegoasfarassayingAIwillincreasepeople’sfreetimeandhelpthembemorecreative.Butothersareworriedthetechnologywillleadtolosingjobs.TheypointtoHollywoodwritersandactorswhoareworriedthattheywillbereplacedbytechnology.TheInternetarrivedwithasimilaromenofmoreproductivity,wealthandjobs.Recently,theFrenchbankNatixisnotedinitsresearchthatmostofthewealthhasgonetoafewbillionaires.Andmanyofthejobsdonotrequirehighlypaid,skilledworkers.Someworkershopethetechnologywillincreasepayandjobsatisfaction.Buttheyarealsoconcernedthatthetechnologycouldpushpeopletoworktoohard.Suchconcernsarenotunfounded.Historyhasshowntheeconomicimpactoftechnologicalprogressisgenerallyuncertain,unequalandevenharmful.Johnsonrecentlypublishedabook,PowerandProgress,withDacronAcemoglu,anothereconomistfromMIT.Theystudiedtechnologicalprogressoverthelast1,000yearsincludingclothingproduction,traintravel,andevenfoodshopping.Johnsonnotedthatitiseasiertocreatesomethingnewthantomakesureitworksforeveryone.Thetwoeconomistslookedataninventioncalledthespinningjennythatmadeiteasiertoturncottonandwoolintoyarn(紗線).Theysaidthedevicehelpedclothingproductionandcreatedwealthformanypeopleinthelate1700s.However,italsoincreasedthedemandforcottonandledtolongerhoursforworkers.ThedemandalsoledtothegrowthofslaveryinthesouthernUnitedStates.AsforAItechnology,Johnsonwondersifitwillmakeexistinginequalitiesworse,or“couldithelpusgetbacktosomethingfairer”?8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“omen”meaninParagraph3?A.Sign. B.Requirement. C.Experience D.Level.9.WhatdoesParagraph1intendtotellus?A.Lessonsfromhistory. B.Theexcitementofcreatingnewthings.C.Importanttechnologicalinnovationsinhistory. D.Theapplicationofthespinningjenny.10.WhatisJohnson’sattitudetowardsartificialintelligence?A.Surprised. B.Scared. C.Objective D.Unfavourable11.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Abookreview. B.Asciencefictionnovel. C.Aneconomicstextbook. D.Atechnologyreport.【答案】8.A9.A10.C11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來(lái)了新的財(cái)富，但并不總能改善人們的生活。文章主要陳述了作者對(duì)科技發(fā)展帶來(lái)的影響的觀點(diǎn)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Recently,theFrenchbankNatixisnotedinitsresearchthatmostofthewealthhasgonetoafewbillionaires.(最近，法國(guó)外貿(mào)銀行在其研究中指出，大部分財(cái)富都流向了少數(shù)億萬(wàn)富翁。)”可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的出現(xiàn)也是生產(chǎn)力、財(cái)富和就業(yè)的提高的跡象。故劃線詞omen意為“跡象，征兆”。故選A?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Throughouthistory,technologicalprogresshasbroughtnewwealthbuthasnotalwaysimprovedpeople’slives.Economistsnowsayitisnotclearwhetherartificialintelligence(AI)willhelporhurtsociety.(縱觀歷史，技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來(lái)了新的財(cái)富，但并不總能改善人們的生活。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家現(xiàn)在表示，尚不清楚人工智能對(duì)社會(huì)是有益還是有害。)”可知，第一段想要告訴我們歷史教訓(xùn)。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“AsforAItechnology,Johnsonwondersifitwillmakeexistinginequalitiesworse,or“couldithelpusgetbacktosomethingfairer”?(至于人工智能技術(shù)，約翰遜想知道它是否會(huì)加劇現(xiàn)有的不平等，還是“它能幫助我們回到更公平的狀態(tài)”？)”可推知，Johnson對(duì)人工智能會(huì)幫助社會(huì)還是危害社會(huì)的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選C。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Throughouthistory,technologicalprogresshasbroughtnewwealthbuthasnotalwaysimprovedpeople’slives.Economistsnowsayitisnotclearwhetherartificialintelligence(AI)willhelporhurtsociety.(縱觀歷史，技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來(lái)了新的財(cái)富，但并不總能改善人們的生活。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家現(xiàn)在表示，尚不清楚人工智能對(duì)社會(huì)是有益還是有害。)”以及文章主要陳述了作者對(duì)科技發(fā)展帶來(lái)的影響的觀點(diǎn)，故應(yīng)該選自一篇科技報(bào)道。故選D。DAblindfishlivingwithinaMexicancavesystem’sdeep,enduringdarknessstillmaintainssomeabilitytosenselight.Asthecavefishnolongerseemtorelyonaninternaldailycycleandsomesleepverylittle,biologistIncaSteindalandhercolleagueswerekeentoseeiftheirbodiescanstillregulatecyclicallythroughtime.MostanimalsonEarthhaveaninternalclockforthisthecircadianrhythm(晝夜節(jié)律)thatuseslightlevelstomakeourbodiesfitinwithourplanet’sdayandnightcycles.Thisrhythmisthenusedtocyclethroughdifferentbiologicalprocessesthatcaninfluenceourbehaviour,suchasourhungercycles.TheMexicanblindcavefishliveinaplexofover30isolatedcaves,withinwhichtheyhaveeachindependentlyadjustedtothedark.Theirbodiesareextrasensitivetovibrations(震動(dòng)),allowingthemtosensechangesinwatercurrentsfornavigation(導(dǎo)航)inpensationfortheirlimitedorpletelackofsight.Thisadaptationoccurreddespitethefishfromeachcaveevolvingfromthesamespecieswithfullyfunctioningeyes.ThisancestralgroupstilllivesinthesurfacewatersintheElAlbraregionofMexicoandsomepartsoftheSouthwesternUS.Steindalandherteamtooktissuesamplesfromtheblindcavefish,fromthreeisolatedcaves,andtheirsurfacerelativesandtestedthecellsindifferentconditions.Theydetectedtheactivationofseveralmolecular(分子的)clockmechanismswhenthecellswereexposedtolight,eveninthecavefishcells.“Nonvisuallightdetectionismaintainedatafundamentalcellbasedlevel,”theresearchersexplain,althoughthecavefishcellsdidnotrespondasstronglyasthosecellsfromsurfacefish.Whilethereweresomesimilaritiesbetweenthefishfromthedifferentcavesparedtotheirsurfacerelatives,therewerealsodifferencesthatconfirmtheirbiologicalclockchangeseachevolvedindependentlyofoneanotherviadifferentmolecularmechanisms.“Wehaveprovidedproofthatdespitebeingblind,cellsfromtheMexicanblindcavefishcandetectlightandmaketheirclocksfitinwithalight/darkcycle,”Steindalandhercolleaguesconclude.Theteamhopesthesecanhelpuslearnmoreaboutthecircadianrhythmandprovideaneasierwaytostudyanimaladaptationstodarkenvironments.12.Astothecavefish,whatdidSteindalandherfellowstrytofindout?A.Iftheyhaveacircadianrhythm. B.Iftheyrelyonaninternaldailycycle.C.Iftheyneedtosleep. D.Iftheyareabletosenselight.13.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A.TheMexicancavefish’sancestorshadnormalvision.B.TheMexicancavefish’shomeisinthedarkdeepsea.C.TheMexicancavefishhaveadaptedtodarkness.D.TheMexicancavefishhavetroublenavigating.14.Whichofthefollowingcansupporttheconclusionofthestudy?A.Cavefish’suniquemolecularstructures.B.Nonvisuallightdetectionincavefishcells.C.Thecavefish’sadjustmentt0molecularclockmechanisms.D.Biologicalclockchangesevolvedindependently.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhyDotheMexicanCavefishLiveintheDarken“B.ABlindCavefishCanStillPerceiveLight.C.HowCantheMexicanCavefishFitinwiththeDayCycles?D.TheBiologicalClocksoftheLifeintheSenAreConstantlyChanging.【答案】12.A13.C14.B15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了墨西哥盲洞魚在深層洞穴中的生存情況，以及它們對(duì)光的感知能力。研究人員通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管盲洞魚無(wú)法看見(jiàn)，但它們的細(xì)胞仍然可以感知光線，并在一定程度上調(diào)節(jié)其生物鐘。這表明即使在黑暗環(huán)境下，生物的生物鐘仍然可以通過(guò)不同的分子機(jī)制進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Asthecavefishnolongerseemtorelyonaninternaldailycycleandsomesleepverylittle,biologistIncaSteindalandhercolleagueswerekeentoseeiftheirbodiescanstillregulatecyclicallythroughtime.MostanimalsonEarthhaveaninternalclockforthisthecircadianrhythm(晝夜節(jié)律)thatuseslightlevelstomakeourbodiesfitinwithourplanet’sdayandnightcycles.(由于洞穴魚似乎不再依賴于體內(nèi)的日常循環(huán)，有些睡眠很少，生物學(xué)家印加·斯坦達(dá)爾和她的同事們渴望了解它們的身體是否仍然可以隨著時(shí)間的推移進(jìn)行周期性調(diào)節(jié)。地球上的大多數(shù)動(dòng)物都有一個(gè)生物鐘，晝夜節(jié)律利用光線水平使我們的身體適應(yīng)地球的晝夜循環(huán))”可知，斯坦達(dá)爾和她的同事們想要找出洞穴魚是否可以隨著時(shí)間的推移進(jìn)行周期性調(diào)節(jié)，即是否有晝夜節(jié)律。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheMexicanblindcavefishliveinaplexofover30isolatedcaves,withinwhichtheyhaveeachindependentlyadjustedtothedark.

Theirbodiesareextrasensitivetovibrations(震動(dòng)),allowingthemtosensechangesinwatercurrentsfornavigation(導(dǎo)航)inpensationfortheirlimitedorpletelackofsight.Thisadaptationoccurreddespitethefishfromeachcaveevolvingfromthesamespecieswithfullyfunctioningeyes.(墨西哥盲洞魚生活在一個(gè)由30多個(gè)孤立的洞穴組成的復(fù)雜環(huán)境中，每個(gè)洞穴都能獨(dú)立地適應(yīng)黑暗。它們的身體對(duì)振動(dòng)特別敏感，這使它們能夠感知水流的變化，以便導(dǎo)航，以補(bǔ)償它們有限或完全失明的視力。盡管來(lái)自每個(gè)洞穴的魚都是從具有完全功能的眼睛的同一物種進(jìn)化而來(lái)的，但這種適應(yīng)還是發(fā)生了)”可知，第二段主要介紹了墨西哥盲洞魚身體對(duì)振動(dòng)特別敏感，以補(bǔ)償它們有限或完全失明的視力，主要說(shuō)明了它們已經(jīng)適應(yīng)了黑暗。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Wehaveprovidedproofthatdespitebeingblind,cellsfromtheMexicanblindcavefishcandetectlightandmaketheirclocksfitinwithalight/darkcycle,”Steindalandhercolleaguesconclude.(斯坦達(dá)爾和她的同事總結(jié)道：“我們已經(jīng)提供了證據(jù)，證明盡管失明，但墨西哥盲洞魚的細(xì)胞可以探測(cè)到光，并使它們的生物鐘適應(yīng)光/暗周期。”)可知，研究的結(jié)論是墨西哥盲洞魚的細(xì)胞可以探測(cè)到光。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Theydetectedtheactivationofseveralmolecular(分子的)clockmechanismswhenthecellswereexposedtolight,eveninthecavefishcells.“Nonvisuallightdetectionismaintainedatafundamentalcellbasedlevel,”theresearchersexplain,althoughthecavefishcellsdidnotrespondasstronglyasthosecellsfromsurfacefish.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)細(xì)胞暴露在光線下時(shí)，幾個(gè)分子時(shí)鐘機(jī)制被激活，即使在盲洞魚細(xì)胞中也是如此。研究人員解釋說(shuō)，盡管盲洞魚的細(xì)胞不像水面魚的細(xì)胞那樣強(qiáng)烈，“非視覺(jué)光檢測(cè)維持在基本的細(xì)胞水平上，”)”可知，盲洞魚細(xì)胞的非視覺(jué)光探測(cè)維持在基本的細(xì)胞水平上，說(shuō)明它的時(shí)鐘機(jī)制會(huì)被激活，證明盲洞魚也可以探測(cè)到光。所以，盲洞魚細(xì)胞的非視覺(jué)光探測(cè)能支持該研究的結(jié)論。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中““Wehaveprovidedproofthatdespitebeingblind,cellsfromtheMexicanblindcavefishcandetectlightandmaketheirclocksfitinwithalight/darkcycle,”Steindalandhercolleaguesconclude.(一條生活在墨西哥洞穴系統(tǒng)的深處、持久的黑暗中的盲洞魚仍然保持著一些感知光線的能力)”和最后一段中“Wehaveprovidedproofthatdespitebeingblind,cellsfromtheMexicanblindcavefishcandetectlightandmaketheirclocksfitinwithalight/darkcycle(我們已經(jīng)提供了證據(jù)，證明盡管失明，但墨西哥盲洞魚的細(xì)胞可以探測(cè)到光，并使它們的生物鐘適應(yīng)光/暗周期)”可知，本文介紹了研究人員通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管盲洞魚無(wú)法看見(jiàn)，但它們的細(xì)胞仍然可以感知光線，所以“ABlindCavefishCanStillPerceiveLight.(盲洞魚仍能感知光)”是研究的結(jié)論，也是文章最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下而短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)，Doyouknowanyonewhohasgonebackpacking?It’satypeoftravelthatislowcostandindependent,oftenmeaningnofixedplansregardingacmodationordestination.___16___Travellertypicallyfillabackpackwithlifeessentials,likeclothing,plusanythingextraneededforadventure.Thestereotypical(刻板印象的)viewofabackpackerissomeoneintheir20s,keentotickoffitemsontheirbucketlist.____17____You’reabouttofindoutthatanyonecanbackpack,Lastyear,mybestfriend’sparentsretiredatage65andsetoffona630miletrailalongthesouthwestcoastofEngland.Eachcarryinga15kgbackpack,MikeandLorrainehikedalongcliffs,exploredgoldensandybeachesandevencycled.Foracmodation,theydidn’tprebookbutstayedinwhatevertheycouldfindontheday,whichvariedfromBed&Breakfasttocampinginfieldsfullofsheep.____18____Backpackersarealsoknownfortravellingwithlittlemoney,butfewbeginwithaslittleasOthmaneZolatifromMorocco.In2015,heembarkedon(開始)analmostfouryearjourney,buthestartedoutwithjust$80.Hezigzagged(曲折前進(jìn))across24countriesontheAfricancontinentandfilmedhisexperience,aimingtoshowtheworldthediversityandbeautyofAfrica,allonashoestringbudget.Hesaidthatheoftenhadtodooddjobsandrelyonthekindnessofstrangerstobeabletoaffordtokeeptravelling.____19____SouthAfricawasOthmane’sfinaldestinationand,onreachingit,hesaid,“Itwasoneofthebestmomentsinmylife.Itmademeknowthatifyoufightforsomething,youreallysticktothatgoal...thenyouwillreachit.”____20____Ifyouwanttotravel,youcan,nomatteryourageorbudget!A.So,don’tgiveup.B.But,forgetthis.CButitwasworthit.D.Somepeoplecanspendyearsbackpackingaroundtheworld.E.Hikingisoneofthemostimportantpartsofbackpacking,whichisverypopular.F.Theydidstopfortheoccasionalwelldeservedcupoftea—theywereinEnglandafterall.G.Theword“backpacking”esfrom“backpack”,atypeofbagyoucarryonyourback.【答案】16.G17.B18.F19.C20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了背包客的相關(guān)情況并且鼓勵(lì)人們背包旅行。【16題詳解】上文“Doyouknowanyonewhohasgonebackpacking?It’satypeoftravelthatislowcostandindependent,oftenmeaningnofixedplansregardingacmodationordestination.(你認(rèn)識(shí)背包客嗎？這是一種低成本、獨(dú)立的旅行方式，通常意味著沒(méi)有固定的住宿或目的地的計(jì)劃)”引出背包旅行的概念，空處承接上文，下文“Travellertypicallyfillabackpackwithlifeessentials,likeclothing.plusanythingextraneededforadventure.(旅行者通常會(huì)在背包里裝滿生活必需品，比如衣服，再加上探險(xiǎn)所需的額外東西)”說(shuō)明背包的用途，G項(xiàng)“‘背包旅行’一詞來(lái)源于‘背包’，一種你背在背上的包”與上下文聯(lián)系緊密，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】上文“Thestereotypicalviewofabackpackerissomeoneintheir20s,keentotickoffitemsontheirbucketlist.(對(duì)背包客的刻板印象是20多歲的人，他們熱衷于在人生目標(biāo)清單上勾選項(xiàng)目)”說(shuō)明人們對(duì)背包旅行存在誤解，認(rèn)為背包旅行的人多是20多歲的年輕人，空處承上啟下，下文“You’reabouttofindoutthatanyonecanbackpack.(你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)任何人都可以背包)”，B項(xiàng)“But,forgetthis.(但是，忘了這個(gè)吧)”消除上文對(duì)背包旅行的誤解，引出下文正確的觀點(diǎn)，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】上文“Foracmodation,theydidn’tprebookbutstayedinwhatevertheycouldfindontheday,whichvariedfrom

Bed&Breakfast

tocampinginfieldsfullofsheep.(對(duì)于住宿，他們沒(méi)有預(yù)先預(yù)訂，而是住在當(dāng)天能找到的任何地方，從提供住宿加早餐的賓館到在滿是羊群的田野里露營(yíng))”描述作者最好朋友的父母他們的背包旅行情況，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“他們確實(shí)偶爾停下來(lái)喝一杯當(dāng)之無(wú)愧的茶——畢竟他們?cè)谟?guó)”與上文話題一致，承接上文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選F項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】上文“Hesaidthatheoftenhadtodooddjobsandrelyonthekindnessofstrangerstobeabletoaffordtokeeptravelling.(他說(shuō)，他經(jīng)常不得不打零工，依靠陌生人的善意才能負(fù)擔(dān)得起繼續(xù)旅行的費(fèi)用)”說(shuō)明他在旅行中歷盡艱辛，空處承上啟下，下文“SouthAfricawasOthmane’sfinaldestinationand,onreachingit,hesaid,“Itwasoneofthebestmomentsinmylife.Itmademeknowthatifyoufightforsomething,youreallysticktothatgoal...thenyouwillreachit.”(南非是Othmane的最終目的地，當(dāng)他到達(dá)南非時(shí)，他說(shuō)：“這是我一生中最美好的時(shí)刻之一。它讓我知道，如果你為某事而戰(zhàn)，你真的會(huì)堅(jiān)持這個(gè)目標(biāo)……那么你就會(huì)到達(dá)”)”表明了旅行的美好，C項(xiàng)“但這是值得的”與上文轉(zhuǎn)折，引起下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】下文“Ifyouwanttotravel,youcan,nomatteryourageorbudget!(如果你想旅行，你就可以，無(wú)論你的年齡或預(yù)算！)”表明任何人都可以去旅行，A項(xiàng)“所以，不要放棄”鼓勵(lì)人們不要放棄，引出下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。It’snoteverydaythatyoulosesomethingunimportantandgainsomethingamazing!WhenKasonJohnsonturned8yearsold,abigbunchofheliumballoons(氨氣球)was___21___tohissecondgradeclassroomatMountainGroveElementaryinMissouri.Itwasa(n)___22___day,butonthewayouttohismum’scar,tragedy(悲劇)struck.Kasonlost___23___oftheballoons,andthey___24___Fivehundredmilesaway,ToddHurleywasmowing(割草)hislawninCleveland,Tennesseewhenhe___25___Kason’sballoonscaughtonhisfence.Heopenedthe___26___attachedtothestringsandsawthattheballoonshadbeensenttoKason’smiddleschool.Mostpeoplewouldhavethrowntheballoonsintothegarbage,butnotTodd!___27___,thewoodworkerstartedgatheringafewgiftstosendtothe___28___boy.HewroteKason’sparentsaletterandincludedaphotoofhimselfandhisdog,Henry,Toddalso___29___handmadewoodenbaseballbat,agiftforKason’steacher,and$100incashforthechild!Todd___30___offhiscarepackagetothemiddleschool,wherethe___31___passedittoKasonandhisfamily.Inhisletter.ToddtoldKasonandhisparentstheballoonswere“trulya(n)___32___inabottle.”“Thesimplegestureofafamilyshowing___33___andappreciationtotheir2ndgraderwithagiftofsurpriseimpactedmebeyondbelief,”hecontinued.“Howamazingly___34___Kasonistohaveafamilythatwillmaketheefforttoshowunselfishlove.”Canyoubelievehow___35___thisstrangerwas?Whatathoughtfulandkindthingtodoforalittleboywholosthisbirthdayballoons.WearesureKasonwillalwaysrememberthisbirthday!21.A.donated B.delivered C.introduced D.exposed22.A.exciting B.annoying C.disappointing D.challenging23.A.track B.touch C.control D.sight24.A.blewup B.flewaway C.ranout D.fadedaway25.A.prevented B.doubted C.spotted D.ignored26.A.balloon B.package C.box D.envelope27.A.Besides B.Therefore C.Instead D.Otherwise28.A.birthday B.country C.smile D.city29.A.expected B.included C.filled D.stole30.A.packed B.sewed C.mailed D.unfolded31.A.staff B.detective C.waiter D.cashier32.A.insect B.bomb C.pill D.message33.A.love B.disbelief C.beauty D.confidence34.A.grateful B.fortunate C.wise D.powerful35.A.foolish B.adventurous C.dangerous D.generous【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.C26.D27.C28.A29.B30.C31.A32.D33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了木工托德·赫爾利無(wú)意中發(fā)現(xiàn)了卡森·約翰遜飛走的生日氣球，于是托德給卡森準(zhǔn)備了一份生日禮物郵寄給托德?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)卡森·約翰遜8歲的時(shí)候，一大堆氦氣球被送到了他在密蘇里州山格羅夫小學(xué)二年級(jí)的教室里。A.donated捐贈(zèng)；B.delivered遞送；C.introduced介紹；D.exposed接觸。根據(jù)主語(yǔ)“abigbunchofheliumballoons”可知，此處指氣球被送到教室。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)令人興奮的一天，但在他去媽媽的車的路上，悲劇發(fā)生了。A.exciting令人興奮的；B.annoying令人生氣的；C.disappointing令人失望的；D.challenging挑戰(zhàn)性的。根據(jù)上文可知，約翰遜八歲的時(shí)候收到了一大堆氣球，所以是令人興奮的一天。故選A。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：卡森失去了對(duì)氣球的控制，氣球飛走了。A.track小道；B.touch觸碰；C.control控制；D.sight看見(jiàn)。上文提到悲劇發(fā)生了，根據(jù)后文“Fivehundredmilesaway”氣球飛到了500英里外，可知是失去了對(duì)氣球的控制，氣球飛走了。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：卡森失去了對(duì)氣球的控制，氣球飛走了。A.blewup爆炸；B.flewaway飛走；C.ranout用完；D.fadedaway褪色。根據(jù)后文“Kason’sballoonscaughtonhisfence.”可知，卡森失去了對(duì)氣球的控制，氣球飛走了。故選B。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：500英里外的田納西州克利夫蘭，托德·赫爾利正在修剪草坪，突然發(fā)現(xiàn)卡森的氣球被他的籬笆纏住了。A.prevented阻止；B.doubted懷疑；C.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.ignored忽視。根據(jù)后文“Kason’sballoonscaughtonhisfence”可知，托德突然發(fā)現(xiàn)卡森的氣球被他的籬笆纏住了。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他打開系著繩子的信封，看到氣球被送到了卡森的中學(xué)。A.balloon氣球；B.package包裹；C.box盒子；D.envelope信封。根據(jù)后文“attachedtothestringsandsawthatthebal