一輪復(fù)習(xí)隨堂課件語法專題突破專題十二構(gòu)詞法-1

語法專題突破專題十二構(gòu)詞法英語2022內(nèi)容索引核心考點課堂突破專項訓(xùn)練鞏固提升核心考點課堂突破[高考感悟]單句填空1.(2020·

全國Ⅰ卷)Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis_______________(extreme)challenging.

2.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)ChineseNewYearisa_______________(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.

3.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)The_______________(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.

4.(2020·全國Ⅱ卷)_______________(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.

extremelycelebrationbeautifulCertainly5.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Filledwith_______________(curious),theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.

6.(2020·全國Ⅲ卷)Asthesmallboatmoved_______________(gentle)alongtheriver,hewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.

7.(2020·新高考全國Ⅰ卷)Historical_______________(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.

curiosity

gently

accuracy

8.(2020·北京卷)Oliversaysifyou’re_______________(luck)enoughtohavesomeoneclosetoyouwhoenjoyscooking,askthemifyoucanjoininwhenit’spossible.

9.(2018·全國Ⅰ卷)Runningischeap,easyandit’salways_______________(energy).

10.Thebesteducationshouldnotbeavailableonlyto

(wealth)people.

lucky

energeticwealthy[考點歸納]考點一

構(gòu)詞法的種類

構(gòu)詞法合成法合成名詞weekend,cowboy,sunlightweekend,cowboy,sunlightweekend,cowboy,sunlight合成形容詞part-time,first-class,good-lookingpart-time,first-class,good-lookingpart-time,first-class,good-looking合成副詞someday,anywhere,howeversomeday,anywhere,howeversomeday,anywhere,however其他合成詞somebody,safeguard,withoutsomebody,safeguard,without轉(zhuǎn)化法名詞?形容詞light光線/輕的right右邊/對的light光線/輕的right右邊/對的light光線/輕的right右邊/對的名詞?動詞taste味道/嘗dress連衣裙/穿衣taste味道/嘗dress連衣裙/穿衣taste味道/嘗dress連衣裙/穿衣動詞?形容詞open打開/開著的clean打掃/干凈的open打開/開著的clean打掃/干凈的open打開/開著的clean打掃/干凈的形容詞?副詞late晚的/遲到hard艱苦的/努力地構(gòu)詞法派生法前綴disable,impossible,nonstop,disability,disadvantage,disagreementdisable,impossible,nonstop,disability,disadvantage,disagreementdisable,impossible,nonstop,disability,disadvantage,disagreement后綴changeable,childhood,friendshipchangeable,childhood,friendship縮略法混成法breakfast+lunch→brunchbreakfast+lunch→brunchbreakfast+lunch→brunch截短法laboratory→lablaboratory→lablaboratory→lab首字母縮略法GrossDomesticProduct→GDP考點二

合成法合成法就是由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。詞與詞之間有的用連字符“-”連接,有的直接連寫在一起,還有的分開寫。1.合成名詞合成方式例詞n.+n.weekend周末womandoctor女醫(yī)生seafood海鮮boyfriend男朋友policeofficer警官cowboy牛仔mooncake月餅sunlight陽光chairman主席n.+v.-ingstory-telling講故事handwriting書法sightseeing觀光shoe-making鞋子制作n.+v.sunrise日出haircut理發(fā)toothpick牙簽

daybreak破曉合成方式例詞v.-ing+n.washingmachine洗衣機writingdesk寫字桌runningwater自來水readingroom閱覽室v.+n.cookbook食譜playground操場typewriter打字機adj.+n.supermarket超市blackboard黑板greenhouse溫室freeway高速公路n.+in+n.editor-in-chief總編father-in-law岳父,公公mother-in-law岳母,婆婆其他output產(chǎn)量looker-on旁觀者income收入get-together聚會breakfast早餐2.合成形容詞

合成方式例詞n.+過去分詞snow-covered被雪覆蓋的man-made人造的n.+v.-ingpeace-loving愛好和平的paper-making造紙的Chinese-speaking講漢語的adj.+n.part-time兼職的full-time全職的n.+adj.ice-cool處變不驚的snow-white雪白的worldwide世界范圍的lifelong終生的grass-green草綠的num.+n.second-hand二手的first-class一流的num.+n.+adj.five-year-old五歲的200-meter-long200米長的adj.+n+-edwarm-hearted熱心的kind-hearted好心的middle-aged中年的adj.+v.-ingordinary-looking相貌平平的good-looking好看的easy-going隨和的其他well-known著名的ten-storeyed10層的face-to-face面對面的3.合成副詞

合成方式例詞adj.+n.someday某天sometime某個時間adv.+n.overhead在頭上downstairs在樓下indoors在室內(nèi)outdoors在戶外adj.+adv.anywhere任何地方somewhere某處其他maybe可能however然而4.其他合成詞

合成方式例詞合成代詞somebody某個人everything一切everybody每個人anyone任何人合成動詞overwork加班oversleep睡過頭safeguard保護(hù),捍衛(wèi)whitewash粉刷

overhear偷聽合成介詞inside在……里面outside在……外面within在……范圍內(nèi)without沒有throughout遍及考點三

轉(zhuǎn)化法轉(zhuǎn)化法就是一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性而詞形不變。轉(zhuǎn)化方法例詞n.?adj.final決賽/最后的light光線/輕的right右邊/對的n.?v.doubt疑問/懷疑taste味道/嘗dress連衣裙/穿衣hand手/遞watch手表/觀看

smell氣味/聞book書/預(yù)訂v.?adj.close關(guān)上/近的open打開/開著的slow變慢/慢的clean打掃/干凈的

wrong不公正(或不誠實)對待/錯誤的

narrow使變窄/狹窄的adj.?adv.late晚的/遲到enough足夠的/足夠地hard艱苦的/努力地考點四

派生法派生法就是由一個詞根加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個詞。1.前綴派生形式例詞auto-autobiography自傳automobile汽車automaker汽車制造商dis-disable使失去能力disadvantage缺點disagree不同意en-enable使能夠enact制定法律enrich使豐富fore-forearm前臂forecast預(yù)報forebear祖先im-impossible不可能的impolite不禮貌的impatient不耐煩的in-inactive不活躍的incorrect不正確的incomplete不完全的派生形式例詞kilo-kilogram千克kilometer千米mis-mistake錯誤mislead誤導(dǎo)mistreat虐待misuse誤用multi-multimedia多媒體multinational跨國的,多民族的multi-coloured多種顏色的non-nonsmoker非吸煙者nonstop不停的nonsense無意義的話over-overweight超重的overcoat外套o(hù)verboard在船外overdo做得過分re-return返回,返還review復(fù)習(xí)reuse重新使用reunite使再結(jié)合tele-telegram電報telephone電話telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡television電視un-unsafe不安全的unsatisfied不滿意的unsocial非社會的unfair不公平的2.后綴

派生形式例詞-aryrevolutionary革命的imaginary想象中的-ousglorious輝煌的joyous快樂的famous著名的religious宗教的-iveattractive有吸引力的talkative健談的sensitive敏感的-lyhappily快樂地strangely奇怪地gently輕輕地extremely極度地truly真實地-ward(s)backward(s)向后homeward(s)向家eastward(s)往東-wiseclockwise順時針方向的-alcultural文化的personal個人的regional區(qū)域性的musical音樂的-oractor演員professor教授-erengineer工程師driver司機teacher老師-essactress女演員poetess女詩人hostess女主人派生形式例詞-mentmovement移動pavement人行道astonishment驚訝puzzlement迷惑disappointment失望argument辯論,論據(jù)-nesshappiness快樂selfishness自私kindness友好-tyrapidity迅速activity活動-eseChinese中國人/漢語Japanese日本人/日語-anAmerican美國的/人Australian澳大利亞的/人-istpianist鋼琴家socialist社會主義者-ianmusician音樂家Asian亞洲的/人-ifybeautify美化simplify簡化-enwiden加寬shorten縮短lengthen加長-edexcited興奮的interested感興趣的tired疲倦的-ingfeeling感情exciting令人興奮的building建筑物-domfreedom自由wisdom智慧kingdom王國派生形式例詞-thtruth真相warmth溫暖width寬度-teenfourteen十四sixteen十六-cyfluency流利privacy隱私;私密accuracy精確efficiency效率,功效-yrainy多雨的wealthy富裕的sunny晴朗的-ure/-turefailure失敗,沒做到pressure壓力mixture混合,混合物departure離開,出發(fā)-alarrival到達(dá)survival幸存approval同意burial埋葬-ance/-enceappearance出現(xiàn),外貌guidance指引,指導(dǎo)performance表演,節(jié)目existence存在,生存preference偏愛reference參考,查閱-domfreedom自由,自主wisdom明智;智慧-y-ty-ityhonesty誠實difficulty困難cruelty殘酷,殘暴safety安全disability無能,傷殘responsibility責(zé)任專項訓(xùn)練鞏固提升Ⅰ.單句填空1.Peoplewithdisabilitiesarenowdoingmanythingsto_______________(rich)theirlives.

2.Itisyour_______________(free)todowhatyouwantafterclass.

3.Afteralongandheateddiscussion,thefinal_______________(agree)wasarrivedatintheend.

4.TheChinesepeoplearevery_______________(friend)toforeigners.

5.TheywerethekindthatIdidnothaveinmy_______________(collect)soIplacedthemcarefullyinmybag.

enrich

freedomagreement

friendly

collection6.Iwassupposedtoarriveattheairportontime.______________(fortunate),Iwasheldupbytheheavytrafficjam.

7.Ronhada_______________(success)careerandworkedforthecompanybeforeretiringandleadingarelaxedlife.

8.Excessivedosage(劑量)ofthisdrugcanresultin_______________(injure)totheliver.

9.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather_______________(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.

10.___________(obvious),thestoryisnottrue,butthefestivalisinteresting.

Unfortunatelysuccessful

injury

choiceObviouslyⅡ.語法填空Writingkeepsusintouchwithotherpeople.Wewritetocommunicatewith1.____________(relate)andfriends.WithcomputersandInternet2._______________(connect)i