備考2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)提能第一部分過(guò)透教材Unit5Revealingnature外研版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)

Unit5Revealingnature一、閱讀理解A[2024福建福州5月質(zhì)檢]Bothhumansandanimalspossesstheabilitytocryoutforhelpwhenendangeredorthreatened.Plants，asitturnsout，cantoo."Wefoundthatplantsusuallyemit（發(fā)出）soundswhentheyareunderstressandthateachplantandeachtypeofstressisassociatedwithaspecificidentifiablesound，"researchersfromTelAvivUniversityinIsraelwroteintheirfindings，publishedinthescientificjournalCell."Whileundetectabletothehumanear，thesoundsemittedbyplantscanprobablybeheardbyvariousanimals，suchasbats，mice，andinsects."Stressorslikedehydration（脫水）anddamagetoleavesgaverisetotheplants’high-pitched（聲音尖銳的）cries，whichrangedfrom20to250kHz.Thebiggerthedangeris，themorefrequentaplant’ssignalsare."Unstressedplantsemittedlessthanonesoundperhour，onaverage，"researcherLilachHadanysaid，"whilethestressedplants—bothdehydratedandinjured—emitteddozensofsoundseveryhour."Tocatchthesesounds，Hadany’steamsurroundedtomatoandtobaccoplantswithsuper-sensitivemicrophones.Theythenfedthedataintoanartificialintelligenceprogramthatcouldtellthedifferencebetweenthespeciesofplantsandthetypesofsoundsproduced."Ourfindingssuggestthattheworldaroundusisfullofplantsounds，andthatthesesoundscontaininformation，"Hadanywrote.Sheaddedthattotranslatethatinformation，wejustneedthe"righttoolssuchassensorsthattellgrowerswhenplantsneedwatering."Doingso，researchersnoted，mayallowfarmerstojudgeexactlywhenandwheretowatercrops，savingwater，increasingharvests，andloweringstressforbothplantsandhumankind.本文為說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了植物也會(huì)發(fā)聲這一狀況。【詞語(yǔ)積累】possessv.擁有，有endangeredadj.（動(dòng)植物）瀕危的emitv.發(fā)出，射出，散發(fā)（光、熱、聲音、氣等）rangefrom...to...在……到……變更/變動(dòng)1.WhatdidresearchersfromTelAvivUniversityinIsraelfind？A.Creaturestendtocryoutforhelpwhenindanger.B.Plantscangiveoffsoundswhentheyarestressed.C.Plantsoundscanbeheardbybothanimalsandhumans.D.Plantsmakethesamesoundwhatevertypeofstresstheyhave.解析B微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的"‘Wefoundthat...sound，’researchers...scientificjournalCell"可知，這些探討人員在科學(xué)雜志《細(xì)胞》上發(fā)表了探討結(jié)果，他們認(rèn)為，植物在受到壓力時(shí)通常會(huì)發(fā)出聲音，每種植物和每種類型的壓力都與一種特定的可識(shí)別的聲音有關(guān)，故B項(xiàng)正確。2.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowinparagraph3？A.Theinfluenceofstressonplants.B.Theurgencyofrelievingplantsofstress.C.Thepossibilityofplantsemittingsounds.D.Theimportanceofconductingtheresearch.解析A推理推斷題。由第三段內(nèi)容可知，像脫水和葉子受到損害等導(dǎo)致壓力的事務(wù)會(huì)讓植物發(fā)出尖叫。緊急越大，植物聲音的頻率越高。沒(méi)有受到壓力的植物平均每小時(shí)發(fā)出不到一次聲音，而受到壓力的植物——脫水的和受傷的——每小時(shí)發(fā)出幾十次聲音。據(jù)此可以推知，在該段中作者主要介紹壓力對(duì)植物的影響，故A項(xiàng)正確。3.Whywasanartificialintelligenceprogramusedintheresearch？A.Tohelpgetridofplantstress.B.Toidentifythetypesofstress.C.Tocollectsoundsemittedbyplants.D.Toanalyzethecollectedsoundsofplants.解析D微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的"Theythenfedthe...ofsoundsproduced"可知，他們將數(shù)據(jù)輸入一個(gè)人工智能程序，該程序可以辨別出植物種類和發(fā)出的聲音類型之間的差異；據(jù)此可知，在探討中運(yùn)用人工智能程序是為了分析收集到的植物的聲音，故選D項(xiàng)。4.WhatcanwelearnfromHadany’swordsinthelastparagraph？A.Theresearchisofpracticalvalue.B.It’sdifficulttounderstandplantsounds.C.Furtherresearchisneededinthefuture.D.It’saseasyaspieforfarmerstogrowcrops.解析A推理推斷題。由尾段中Hadany的話"Doingso，researchers...bothplantsandhumankind"可知，探討人員指出，這樣做可以讓農(nóng)夫精確地推斷何時(shí)何地給作物澆水，同時(shí)做到節(jié)約用水，增加收成，減輕植物和人類的壓力。據(jù)此可以推知，我們可從Hadany的話中得知該探討具有確定的好用價(jià)值，故選A項(xiàng)。B[2024蘇北四市一調(diào)]Animalscanadaptquicklytosurviveunfavorableenvironmentalconditions.Evidenceismountingtoshowthatplantscan，too.ApaperpublishedinthejournalTrendsinPlantSciencedetailshowplantsarerapidlyadaptingtotheeffectsofclimatechange，andhowtheyarepassingdowntheadaptationtotheiroffspring（后代）.Plantsarefacingmoreenvironmentalstressesthanever.Forexample，climatechangeismakingwintersshorterinmanylocations，andplantsareresponding."Manyplantsrequireaminimumperiodofcoldinordertosetuptheirenvironmentalclocktodefinetheirfloweringtime，"saysMartinelli，aplantgeneticistattheUniversityofFlorence."Ascoldseasonsshorten，plantshaveadaptedtorequireshorterperiodsofcoldtodelayflowering.Thesemechanismsallowplantstoavoidfloweringinperiodswhentheyhavefeweropportunitiestoreproduce."Becauseplantsdon’thaveneural（神經(jīng)的）networks，theirmemoryisbasedentirelyoncellular（細(xì)胞的），molecular（分子的），andbiochemicalnetworks.Thesenetworksmakeupwhattheresearcherscallthesomaticmemory."Itallowsplantstorecognizetheoccurrenceofapreviousenvironmentalconditionandtoreactaccordingly，"saysMartinelli.Thesesomaticmemoriescanthenbepassedtotheplants’offspringviaepigenetics（表觀遺傳學(xué)）."Severalexamplesdemonstratetheexistenceofmolecularmechanismsmodulatingplantmemoryforenvironmentalstressesandaffectingtheadaptationofoffspringtothesestresses，"saysMartinelli.Goingforward，Martinellihopestounderstandevenmoreaboutthegenesthatarebeingpasseddown."WeareparticularlyinterestedindecodingtheepigeneticalphabetwithoutchangesinDNAsequences（依次），"hesays."Thisisespeciallyimportantwhenweconsidertherapidclimatechangeweobservetoday.Everylivingorganism，includingplants，needstoquicklyadapttosurvive."本文主要講解并描述了植物如何快速適應(yīng)氣候變更帶來(lái)的影響以及它們?nèi)绾螌⑦@些適應(yīng)傳遞給后代等相關(guān)信息?！驹~語(yǔ)積累】unfavorableadj.不利的，有害的setup創(chuàng)建，支配accordinglyadv.相應(yīng)地，照著demonstratev.證明，說(shuō)明；示范1.Whatadaptationhaveplantsmadetoshortenedcoldseasons？A.Theyhaveshortenedtheirfloweringtime.B.Theyhavegotmorechancestoreproduce.C.Theyhaveavoidedfloweringincoldseasons.D.Theyhaveadjustedtheirenvironmentalclock.解析D微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。由其次段中的"Manyplantsrequire...theirfloweringtime""Ascoldseasons...delayflowering"可知，很多植物須要一段最短的寒冷時(shí)間來(lái)設(shè)置它們的環(huán)境時(shí)鐘，以確定它們的開(kāi)花時(shí)間。隨著寒冷季節(jié)變短，植物作出相應(yīng)的變更，它們須要更短的寒冷時(shí)間以延遲開(kāi)花，故D項(xiàng)正確。2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthesomaticmemory？A.Itisentirelybasedonneuralnetworks.B.Itcanhelptheplants’offspringtosurvive.C.Itcanhelprelieveenvironmentalstresses.D.Itdisturbstheplants’biochemicalnetworks.解析B推理推斷題。由第三段中的"Itallowsplantsto...toreactaccordingly"和第四段中的"Thesesomaticmemories...viaepigenetics（表觀遺傳學(xué)）"可知，體細(xì)胞記憶能使植物識(shí)別從前發(fā)生的環(huán)境條件并作出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)，還可以遺傳給后代。故可推知體細(xì)胞記憶可幫助植物的后代存活，故B項(xiàng)正確。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"modulating"meaninparagraph4？A.Adjusting. B.Treasuring.C.Recording. D.Sharing.解析A詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)畫線詞所在句的語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示幾個(gè)例子證明白分子機(jī)制的存在，這些機(jī)制調(diào)整植物對(duì)環(huán)境壓力的記憶，并影響后代對(duì)這些壓力的適應(yīng)，故A項(xiàng)"調(diào)整"正確。4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext？A.PlantsaresmartaboutfloweringtimeB.PlantscanalsoadapttoclimatechangeC.EnvironmentalstresseschallengeplantsD.Mysteriesofplantgenesaretobeunfolded解析B標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容尤其是文章第一段可知，越來(lái)越多的證據(jù)表明植物也可以很快適應(yīng)不利的環(huán)境條件。文章主要講解并描述了植物如何快速適應(yīng)氣候變更帶來(lái)的影響以及它們?nèi)绾螌⑦@些適應(yīng)傳遞給后代，故B項(xiàng)"植物也能適應(yīng)氣候變更"最適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。二、完形填空[2024安徽池州統(tǒng)考]Ienjoyworkinginthewild.Asanature1，Ihavetobravetheelements—whetherit’ssunny，windyorrainy.Butthebestthingaboutthisjobisthatyoucan2animalsintheirnaturalenvironment.MyfavouriteplacetotakephotosistheFinnishNationalPark.Itisfamousforthe3ofitswildlife，butprobablybestknownforitsbears.Thesehugeanimalscanlivefor30years.4aweightofupto300kilograms，theycanstillrunataspeedofaround64kilometersperhour.LastspringinFinland，Ifollowedapathleadingtoadarkforest.AsIfinallysteppedoutofthetrees，theviewwas5.Aneagleflewoverthesnow-cappedmountains，whichwere6inthepeacefullakebelow.IwasphotographingtheamazingscenewhenIsuddenlyhada7thatIwasbeingwatched.Slowly，andwiththecamerastillheldtomyeye，Iturned...and8.Onlymetersawayfrommewasabear.Withwater9itsthick，brownhair，thebearstaredbackatme.Timestood10asthebearandIbothwaitedtoseewhowouldmovefirst.Mylegsstartedshaking.11，Iforcedmyfingertopressthebutton.Asecondlater，thebearturnedandranbackintotheforest.When12fromtheshock，Ilookedatmycamera.Mymostfrighteningbutmagicalexperiencewasnow13foreverinasingleimage.FromtimetotimeIlookatthephotoasaconstant14toshowrespectforallanimals.Itisafterallwewhoarethe15totheirworld.本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了作者是一名自然攝影師，一次偶然遇到熊的驚險(xiǎn)閱歷讓作者對(duì)大自然的動(dòng)物充溢了敬意。1.A.journalist B.designerC.volunteer D.photographer解析D由"MyfavouriteplacetotakephotosistheFinnishNationalPark"及下文可知，作者是一名自然攝影師，故選D。journalist記者，designer設(shè)計(jì)者，volunteer志愿者，photographer攝影師。句意：作為一名自然攝影師，無(wú)論是晴天、刮風(fēng)還是雨天，我都必需英勇地面對(duì)大自然。2.A.paint B.train C.observe D.preserve解析C由"Asanature1，Ihavetobravetheelements—whetherit’ssunny，windyorrainy"可知，作者享受在野外工作是因?yàn)槟芘臄z到大自然中的動(dòng)物，因此這也給作者視察動(dòng)物的機(jī)會(huì)，故選C。observe視察。句意：但這份工作最大的好處是你可以在其自然環(huán)境中視察動(dòng)物。3.A.variety B.origin C.safety D.cover解析A由"butprobablybestknownforitsbears"可知，芬蘭國(guó)家公園以其野生生物的多樣性而著名，故選A。variety多樣化，origin起源，safety平安，cover封面。4.A.Within B.Despite C.Beyond D.Through解析B由"theycanstillrunataspeedofaround64kilometersperhour"可知，盡管這些熊很重，但是奔跑速度很快，故選B。within在……里面，despite盡管，beyond超出，through通過(guò)。句意：盡管體重高達(dá)300公斤，它們?nèi)阅芤约s每小時(shí)64公里的速度奔跑。5.A.disappointing B.breathtakingC.speechless D.worthless解析B由"Aneagleflewoverthesnow-cappedmountains，whichwere6inthepeacefullakebelow"可知，眼前的景色讓作者嘆為觀止，故選B。disappointing令人悲觀的，breathtaking令人贊美的，speechless說(shuō)不出話的，worthless無(wú)價(jià)值的。6.A.hidden B.reflected C.buried D.towered解析B依據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者被雄鷹飛過(guò)白雪皚皚的群山且映照在湖面的景象給迷住了，故選B。hide隱藏，reflect照出（影像），bury安葬，tower高聳。7.A.saying B.dream C.feeling D.goal解析C由"thatIwasbeingwatched"及下文可知，一只熊在不遠(yuǎn)處看著作者，因此作者覺(jué)得自己被什么東西凝視著，故選C。句意：當(dāng)我正在拍攝這個(gè)驚人的場(chǎng)景時(shí)，我突然有一種被凝視的感覺(jué)。8.A.shouted B.fainted C.left D.froze解析D由"Timestood10asthebearandIbothwaitedtoseewhowouldmovefirst"可知，作者看到熊后呆住了，故選D。shout大喊，faint昏厥，leave離開(kāi)，freeze驚呆。句意：我漸漸地轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身，相機(jī)照舊舉在我的眼前……然后呆住了。9.A.fallingoff B.givingoutC.takingin D.pickingup解析A由"Withwater...brownhair"可知，水從熊濃密的棕色毛發(fā)上落下，故選A。falloff從……落下，giveout分發(fā)，takein吸入，pickup撿起。10.A.still B.clear C.short D.vivid解析A由"asthebearandIbothwaitedtoseewhowouldmovefirst"可知，作者很膽怯 ，不敢動(dòng)，仿佛時(shí)間停止一般，故選A。still靜止的，clear清楚的，short短的，vivid生動(dòng)的。句意：時(shí)間靜止了，我和熊都在等著看誰(shuí)先動(dòng)起來(lái)。11.A.Besides B.SomehowC.Otherwise D.Therefore解析B由"Iforcedmyfingertopressthebutton"可知，不知怎么地，作者強(qiáng)迫自己按下相機(jī)按鈕，故選B。besides此外，somehow不知怎么地，otherwise否則，therefore因此。句意：不知怎么地，我強(qiáng)迫我的手指按下按鈕。12.A.returning B.escapingC.recovering D.expecting解析Creturn返回，escape逃離，recover復(fù)原，expect期望。由"Mylegsstartedshaking"可知，作者從震驚中復(fù)原過(guò)來(lái)。故選C。句意：當(dāng)我從震驚中復(fù)原過(guò)來(lái)時(shí)，我看著我的相機(jī)。13.A.applied B.exposedC.noticed D.recorded解析D由"Iforcedmyfingertopressthebutton"可知，作者按下了相機(jī)按鈕，這個(gè)奇異的閱歷被恒久記錄下來(lái)，故選D。apply申請(qǐng)，expose揭露，notice留意到，record記錄。14.A.prize B.reminder C.tool D.excuse解析B由"toshowrespectforallanimals"可知，這張照片提示作者要敬重全部動(dòng)物，故選B。prize嘉獎(jiǎng)，reminder提示人的事物，tool工具，excuse借口。句意：我時(shí)常地看著這張照片，提示自己要敬重全部動(dòng)物。15.A.masters B.servantsC.visitors D.followers解析C由"totheirworld"并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，對(duì)動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)，人類是它們的過(guò)客，故選C。master主子，servant仆人，visitor游客，follower追隨者。三、語(yǔ)法填空[生態(tài)環(huán)保/]ZebHogan，aresearchbiologist，hasbeendocumentinglargefreshwaterfishesforalmosttwodecades.Hissearchforbigfish，described1theMegafishesProject，beganin2005afterlearningfishermeninnorthernThailandpulledabigcatfishoutoftheMekongRiver.2（weigh）646pounds，itinterestedHogan.However，hecouldn’tfindanyscientificallydocumentedfreshwaterfishlargerthantheonethathadbeenthe3（inspire）forhissearchuntil2024，whenhisresearchteamgotacallfromMoulThun.4fishermansaidhe’daccidentallycaughtafreshwaterstingray"muchbigger"thanany5（find）previously.Afterarrivingthere，theteamdeterminedthatThun’sfishwasthesamerayspeciesknowntooccurintheMekongRiver.Butthey6（shock）toseeherweight：At661pounds，shesetanewworldrecord.HogansaidtheoriginalaimoftheMegafishesProjectwastofind，study，andprotectthe7（large）freshwaterfishintheworld.Thechallenge，ashesoonlearned，wasthatmanyofthesefisharehardtofind—theyliveinremote，8（accessible）placesandare