08必修三Unit3語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)法省略

08必修三Unit3語(yǔ)法：語(yǔ)法精講精練省略一、省略的基本用法為了避免重復(fù)，將句子中的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分省去，這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象叫省略。省略是避免重復(fù)、突出新信息并使上下文緊密連接的一種語(yǔ)法手段。英語(yǔ)中的省略結(jié)構(gòu)有下列幾種情況。1.并列復(fù)合句中某些相同成分的省略。Thisbeeperworkswell,butthatonedoesn’t(workwell).這個(gè)尋呼機(jī)工作正常，但那個(gè)不行。Somebooksaretobetasted,others(are)tobeswallowed,andsomefew(are)tobechewedanddigested.有些書(shū)淺嘗即可，有些書(shū)瀏覽即可，而有少量的書(shū)則需要咀嚼消化。2.在when,while,if,asif,though(或although),as,until,once,whether,unless,where等連詞連接的狀語(yǔ)從句中，常省略跟主句相同的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞。When(wateris)pure,waterisacolorlessliquid.水純凈時(shí)，是無(wú)色的液體。When(Iam)introuble,Ialwaysturntoherforhelp.我困難時(shí)總是找她幫助。Correcterrors,if(thereare)any.如果有錯(cuò)誤，就應(yīng)當(dāng)改正。Woodgivesmuchsmokewhile(woodis)burning.木頭燃燒時(shí)放出很多煙。Theletteristobelefthereuntil(itis)calledfor.這封信留在這里待領(lǐng)。Henrylookedaboutasif(hewere)insearchofsomething.亨利向四周環(huán)視，似乎在尋找什么。Shestudiesveryhardthough(sheis)stillratherweak.她盡管很虛弱，但學(xué)習(xí)仍十分努力。3.當(dāng)見(jiàn)到“when/if/where/wherever/whenever/assoonas/asfastas/than...＋possible/necessary...”時(shí)，可理解中間省略了itis/was。Answerthesequestions,if(itis)possiblewithoutreferringtothebook.如果有可能，請(qǐng)不看書(shū)回答這些問(wèn)題。When(itis)necessaryyoucanhelpustodosomething.必要時(shí)你可以幫助我們做些事。4.當(dāng)it作形式主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句可省略that。Itseems(that)Joeisout,notJack.外出不在的似乎是喬，不是杰克。Itisanhonor(that)Iwasinvitedtoyourbirthdayparty.我很榮幸被邀請(qǐng)參加你的生日聚會(huì)。It’sapity(that)youcan’toperateaputer.很遺憾，你不會(huì)操作計(jì)算機(jī)。Itisthethirdtime(that)IhaveetoChina.這是我第三次來(lái)中國(guó)。5.在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可省略作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞whom,which,that。Thatisthenaughtyboy(whom/that)wetalkedaboutlastweek.那就是我們上周討論的淘氣男孩。6.在direction(方向),way(方式),distance(距離),time(時(shí)間),times(倍數(shù))等后面所接的定語(yǔ)從句中，常省略that,which,inwhich。Thedirection(inwhich)wemoveabodycanbechanged.我們移動(dòng)物體的方向是可以改變的。Thedistance(which/that)lighttravelsinonesecondis300,000kilometres.光在一秒內(nèi)傳播的距離是30萬(wàn)千米。7.命令句、感嘆句、部分第一人稱(chēng)的陳述句、部分問(wèn)句和答句中省略最為常見(jiàn)。Openthedoor!開(kāi)門(mén)！Whynot?為什么不？Whyso?為什么這樣？Anybodywishingtogo?誰(shuí)愿意去?。?.用so或not來(lái)省略上文或問(wèn)句中的一部分或整個(gè)句意?！狢anEmilydothiswork?—Ithinkso./Ithinknot(或Idon’tthinkso).——埃米莉能做這件工作嗎？——我想她行。/我想她不行?！狣idyouknowanythingaboutit?—Notuntilyoutoldme.——這件事你以前知道嗎？——你告訴了我，我才知道。9.當(dāng)用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，常省略強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that。Whenwasit(that)youreceivedhise-mail?你收到他的電子郵件是什么時(shí)候？Wedon’tknowwhoitwas(that)calledthedoctor.我們不知道是誰(shuí)叫來(lái)了醫(yī)生。10.某些形容詞要求后面接一固定的介詞，若接一從句，則只用that或疑問(wèn)詞直接引出從句，從而省略原有的介詞。Wearecertain(of)thatairisamixture.我們可以肯定，空氣是混合物。Sheisdoubtful(about)whethershecanpleteitintime.她懷疑她能否按時(shí)完成。11.用to表示前述動(dòng)詞(包括謂語(yǔ)或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞)及其短語(yǔ)。Youmaygoonlineifyoulike(to)(goonline).你如果想上網(wǎng)就可以上網(wǎng)。Nothingcanstoptheboyfromplayingvideogameswhenhewantsto(play).當(dāng)這個(gè)男孩想玩電子游戲時(shí)，沒(méi)有什么可以阻止他玩。12.新聞標(biāo)題要求簡(jiǎn)練醒目，需根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境推敲其省略部分。Boy14,rescuedfromcliffface.＝Aboyof14hasbeenrescuedfromcliffface.從峭壁上救下14歲的男孩。AmericanPresidenttoflytoLondon.＝AmericanPresidentistoflytoLondon.美國(guó)總統(tǒng)將飛往倫敦。13.注意在一些固定短語(yǔ)中某些介詞的省略。Ihavetrouble(in)sleeping.我難以入睡。Ispendmyevenings(in)readingnovels.我把晚上的時(shí)間花費(fèi)在看小說(shuō)上。Heisbusy(in)cleaningandmendingthemachine.他忙于清洗和修理這臺(tái)機(jī)器。Theyare(of)thesameage.他們年齡相同。Thereisnouse(in)explainingittoheranymore.這件事再向她解釋是無(wú)用的。Heiscarryingoutthisexperiment(in)thesamewayasIdidyesterday.他采用我昨天的方法在做他的實(shí)驗(yàn)。二、單句語(yǔ)法填空：1.

When

first___________(introduce)to

the

market,

these

products

enjoyed

great

success.2.

It

shames

me

to

say

it,

but

I

told

a

lie

when___________(question)at

the

meeting

by

my

boss.3.

The

man

we

followed

suddenly

stopped

and

looked

as

if___________(see)whether

he

was

going

in

therightdirection.4.

Generally

speaking,when___________(take)

according

to

the

directions,

the

drug

has

no

side

effect.5.

Unless___________(invite)to

be

taken

to

speak,

you

should

remain

silent

at

the

conference.6.

When___________(plete),

the

museum

will

be

open

to

the

public

next

year.7.

Though___________(lack)money,

his

parents

managed

to

send

him

to

university.8.

The

research

is

so

designed

that

once___________(begin)nothing

can

be

done

to

change

it.9.

Doctors

have

said

that

as

many

as

50%

of

patients

don’t

take

medicineas___________(direct).10.

Father

advised

me

not

to

say

anything

until___________(ask).11.

The

man

we

followed

suddenly

stopped

and

looked

as

if

___________(see)whether

he

was

going

in

therightdirection.12.The

workers

did

allthey

could

___________(take)good

care

of

the

old

man.13.

—I

hate

talking

with

that

guy.

Look,

he

is

ing.

What

should

I

do?—Don’t

speak

until__________(speak)to.14.—How

are

you

getting

on

with

your

work?—

Oh,

I’m

sorry.

Things

aren’t

going

so

well

as___________(plan).15.

He

is

rather

difficult

to

make

friends

with,

but

his

friendship,

once___________(gain),is

more

true

than

anyother.16.

Water,when

___________(heat)enough,

can

change

into

vapor

quickly.17.Noonecanwalkthewireintheairwithoutabitoffearunless___________(train)veryyoung.18.Theexperimentshowsthatproper,if___________regularly,canimproveourhealth.19.Though___________togotobedmanytimes,thelittleboyjustturnedadeafearandfixedhiseyesonthecartoons.20.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,unless___________(acpany)byanadult.21.TheylandedsafelyontheislandinthePacific.Everythingwentonbetterthan___________(expect).22.Inmyopinion,hardworkisasimportantas,if____________(important)thananefficientwayinstudy.23.Foodsafetyissues,ifnot_____________(solve)properly,willseriouslyaffectthegrowthofteenagersandeventhenation’sfuture.24.Herubbedhiseyesandyawnedasthough____________(wake)upafteralongsleep.25.Ihadsometrouble___________(learn)EnglishwhenIbegantolearnitintheprimaryschool.26.Thebusierheis,the___________(happy)hefeels.27.When___________(publish),thenovelwillbeeoneofthebestsellersoftheyear.28.While___________(iron)clothes,MissGoodaccidentallytouchedtheiron.29.Shehurriedlywavedherhandasif___________(say)something.30.TheylandedsafelyontheislandinthePacific.Everythingwentonbetterthan__________(expect).31.Atthesuddennews,shehurriedlylefttheroomasif__________(anger).32.Though__________(warn)againandagain,theyoungmanstilldroveafterdrinkingleadingtohisbeingfined.33.Shespendshalfanhour__________(do)somereadingeveryday.34.Nomatterhowfrequently___________(perform),theworksofBeethovenstillattractpeopleallovertheworld.35.Whenfirst__________(introduce)tothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.36.Iwonderwhyyoudon’tdoitas__________(tell)to.It’sthethirdtimethatyouhavedoneso.37.Thisisanillnessthancanresultintotalblindnessif__________(leave)untreated.38.Thegovernmentwillhavetwochemicalfactoriesbuilt,though__________(oppose)bythecitizens.39.While__________(cross)theroad,thepupilsshouldcarefullylookbothways.40.Hekeptsilentforalongtime,andatlastopenedhislipsasif_________(say)tohisthreesons.41.Thesecondhandmachinemustbecheckedbefore_________(use)forthesafepurpose.42.Hedidn’tadmitwhohaddoneit,butfinallytoldmethetruthafter_________(ask)threetimes.43.Englishnewwordsarehardforthestudentstorememberandtheyareeasilyforgottenunlessconstantly_________(repeat).44.TheOlympicGame,first__________(play)in776BC,didn’tincludewomenplayersuntil1912.45.When__________(publish)thirtyyearsago,thenovelhasbeeoneofhisbestsellersoftheyear.46.When__________(offer)help,oneoftensays“Thankyou”or“It’skindofyou!”.47.While__________(catch)cheatinginthecourseofanexam,youwillbepunishedbytheschool.48.Wehavenochoiceexcept__________(stay)athomewatchingTVyesterdayevening.49.Fatheradvisedmenottosayanythingunless___________(ask)atthemeeting.50.Thedisc,digitally__________(record)inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.【答案】1.introduced

2.questioned3.tosee4.taken5.invited6.pleted7.lacked8.begun9.directed10.asked11.tosee12.to

take13.spoken14.planned15.gained16.heated17.beingtrained18.carriedout19.urged20.acpanied21.expected22.moreimportant23.solved24.waking25.learning26.happier27.published28.ironing29.tosay30.expected31.angry32.warned33.doing34.performed35.introduced36.told37.left38.opposed39.crossing40.tosay41.used42.asked43.repeated44.played45.published46.offered47.caught48.tostay49.asked50.recorded三、高考真題回顧：1.(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage_________(intend)foreveryone.2.(2023·全國(guó)乙卷)__________(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,Iwasamazedbythecoexistenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.3.(2022·全國(guó)I卷)_________(cover)anareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.4.(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)InspiredbytheBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation_________(hold)inBeijing,Caodecidedtocovertheroutebyhikingasatribute(致敬)totheancientSilkRoad.5.(2019·全國(guó)II卷)Whenwegotacall_________(say)shewasshortlisted,wethoughtitwasajoke.6.(2019·北京卷)Nervously__________(face)challenges,IknowIwillwhispertomyselfthetwosimplewords“Beyourself”．7.(全國(guó)Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporter__________(permit)tofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.8.(全國(guó)Ⅰ)Abercrombie&Kent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople__________(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.9.(全國(guó)Ⅰ)Astudyoftravelers__________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.【答案與解析】1.【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：然而，在簡(jiǎn)潔的風(fēng)格背后，是每個(gè)人都想要傳達(dá)的嚴(yán)肅信息。beintendedfor打算為……所用，在句中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which/thatisintended的省略，所以用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填intended。2.【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)判斷，應(yīng)用完成時(shí)形式。另外，這里是非謂語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的另一個(gè)動(dòng)作，但這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，故用ing完成式，相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句Though/AlthoughIhadvisited......。故填havingvisited。3.【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：該公園占地面積約為黃石國(guó)家公園的三倍，將成為中國(guó)首批國(guó)家公園之一。分析句子可知，空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式作狀語(yǔ)，空處和邏輯主語(yǔ)theGPNP為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，首字母大寫(xiě)，相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句Asitcovers.......。故填Covering。4.【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所填的詞要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。hold和theBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperation有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)詞ed形式作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which/thatisheld的省略。故填held。5.【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其后所接的賓語(yǔ)從句可知，此處用現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying作后置定語(yǔ)，解釋名詞call的內(nèi)容，call與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which/thatsaid的省略。故填saying。6.【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：緊張地面對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，我知道我將輕聲對(duì)自己說(shuō)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此處是做句子的狀語(yǔ)，要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是I，與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句WhenIamfacing/facenervously.......。故填facing。7.【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。因?yàn)榫渲幸延兄^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was，故此處要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。因permit與reporter之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句whoispermitted的省略。故填permitted。8.【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞arranges，故應(yīng)考慮此處填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由于live與其所修飾的名詞people之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用表示主動(dòng)意義的現(xiàn)在分詞形式作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句wholives/areliving的省略。故填living。9.【解析】句意：TripAdvisor網(wǎng)站進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)對(duì)于旅行者的調(diào)查把陽(yáng)朔列為世界十佳旅游目的地之一。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，study與conduct構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)該使用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞study，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句which/thatareconducted的省略。故填conducted。四、語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空：(1)LastFridayastormsweptthroughtwovillagesintheNewTerritories,1(destroy)fourteenhomes.Sevenothersweresobadlydamaged2theirownershadtoleavethem,andfifteenothershadbrokenwindowsorroofs.Onepersonwaskilled,severalwere3(serious)hurtandtakentohospital,andanumberofotherpeoplereceivedsmallerhurt.Altogetherovertwohundredpeoplewerehomelessafterthestorm.Afarmer,MrTan,saidthatthestormbeganearly4themorningandlastedforoveranhour.“I5(eat)withmywifeandchildren,”hesaid,“whenweheardaloudnoise.Afewminuteslaterourhousefelldownontopofus.Wetriedourbest6(climb)outbutthenIsawthatoneofmychildrenwas7(miss).Iwentbackinsideandfoundhim,safe8veryfrightened.”MrsWooMeiFongsaidthatherhusbandhadjustleftforworkwhenshe9(feel)thatherhousewasmoving.Sheranoutsideatoncewithherchildren.Soldiershelpedtotakepeopleoutofthefloodedareaandthewelfaredepartmentbrought10(they)food,clothesandshelter.【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的暴風(fēng)雨造成的危害，描寫(xiě)了人們?cè)谠獾奖╋L(fēng)雨襲擊時(shí)的感受及災(zāi)后的救助。1.destroying考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本句已經(jīng)存在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且句中沒(méi)有連詞，destroy只能做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且與邏輯主語(yǔ)storm構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞destroying作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示順理成章的結(jié)果。故填destroying。2.that考查狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。固定句型so...that...“如此……以至于……”引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。故填that。3.seriously考查副詞。下文hurt為動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)用副詞修飾。故填seriously。4.in考查介詞。固定短語(yǔ)inthemorning“在早上”。故填in。5.waseating考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：我和太太、孩子正在吃飯，這時(shí)聽(tīng)到震耳的噪音。表示過(guò)去某一個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。故填waseating。6.toclimb考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。固定短語(yǔ)tryone’sbesttodosth.“盡力做某事”。故填toclimb。7.missing考查形容詞。was為be動(dòng)詞，后跟形容詞做表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞missing“不見(jiàn)的，消失的”。故填missing。8.but考查連詞。句意：我回到屋里，發(fā)現(xiàn)他很安全，但非常害怕?？涨昂髢蓚€(gè)形容詞是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故填but。9.felt考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：她丈夫剛?cè)ド习?，她就感到房子在?dòng)。根據(jù)前文的hadleft可知，此處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填felt。10.them考查代詞。動(dòng)詞bring后跟雙賓語(yǔ)，且后跟代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用代詞的賓格形式。故填them。(2)TheGreatWallofChinaismorethan6,000kilometreslong.Itwinds1(it)wayfromwesttoeast,acrossdeserts,overmountains,throughvalleysuntilatlastit2(reach)thesea.TheGreatWallhasahistoryofovertwentycenturies.Thefirstpartofit3(build)duringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.DuringtheQinDynasty,4(keep)theenemyoutofhisempire,EmperorQinShihuanghadallthewalls5(join)up.Thus,theGreatWallcameintobeing.TheGreatWalliswideenoughat6topforfivehorsesortenmentowalkonsidebyside.Alongthewallarewatchtowers,7soldiersusedtokeepwatch.Firewaslitonthetowersasa8(warn)whentheenemycame.

Itwas9(terrible)difficulttobuildsuchawallinancientdays10anymodernmachine.Alltheworkwasdonebyhand.Thousandsofmendiedandwereburiedunderthewalltheybuilt.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyofstoneandearth,butofthefleshandbloodofmillionsofmen.【答案】1.its2.reaches3.wasbuilt4.tokeep5.joined6.the7.where8.warning9.terribly10.without【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文，介紹了在古代長(zhǎng)城是如何建造的及其作用。1.考查物主代詞。句意：它從西向東蜿蜒而行，穿過(guò)沙漠，越過(guò)高山，穿過(guò)山谷，最后到達(dá)大海。根據(jù)句意，主語(yǔ)為It，指代長(zhǎng)城，因此空格處用形容詞性物主代詞its修飾名詞way，故填its。2.考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：它從西向東蜿蜒而行，穿過(guò)沙漠，越過(guò)高山，穿過(guò)山谷，最后到達(dá)大海。句子描述客觀事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)it是單數(shù)，因此空格處用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，故填reaches。3.考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：它的第一部分建于春秋時(shí)期。長(zhǎng)城的第一部分是被修建的，且由duringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod可知，句子描述過(guò)去的事情，因此空格處是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)Thefirstpartofit是單數(shù)，因此空格處是wasbuilt。故填wasbuilt。4.考查不定式。句意：在秦朝，為了把敵人擋在他的帝國(guó)之外，秦始皇把所有的城墻連在一起。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，句子表示“為了把敵人擋在他的帝國(guó)之外，秦始皇把所有的城墻連在一起”，空格處用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填tokeep。5.考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：在秦朝，為了把敵人擋在他的帝國(guó)之外，秦始皇把所有的城墻連在一起。havesth.done意為“使某物被……”，因此空格處用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，故填joined。6.考查定冠詞。句意：長(zhǎng)城的頂部足夠?qū)挘梢宰屛迤ヱR或十個(gè)人并排行走。atthetop意為“在頂部”，因此空格處是定冠詞the。故填the。7.考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：沿著城墻有瞭望塔，士兵們過(guò)去在那里放哨?？崭裉幰龑?dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，先行詞watchtowers是地方，作從句的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此空格處用關(guān)系副詞where，故填where。8.考查名詞。句意：敵人來(lái)了，就在塔上點(diǎn)火示警。as后缺少賓語(yǔ)，a后跟名詞的單數(shù)形式，warn的名詞是warning，意為“警告”，故填warning。9.考查副詞。句意：在古代，沒(méi)有任何現(xiàn)代機(jī)器，要修建這樣的城墻是極其困難的?？崭裉幱酶痹~terribly修飾形容詞difficult，terribly意為“非常，極其”，故填terribly。10.考查介詞。句意：在古代，沒(méi)有任何現(xiàn)代機(jī)器，要修建這樣的城墻是極其困難的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，句子表示“在古代，沒(méi)有任何現(xiàn)代機(jī)器，要修建這樣的城墻是極其困難的”，空格處意為“沒(méi)有”，用介詞without，故填without。(3)Insertingneedlesthroughtheskinmaysoundscary,butacupuncture(針灸)andmoxa-moxibustion(艾灸),twokeyponentsof1(tradition)Chinesemedicine(TCM),aresaidtoimprovethepatient’shealthandwell-being.2(add)toUNESCO’srepresentativelistofIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanityin2010,acupunctureandmoxibustionare3(wide)practicedinChina.Theirformatandpracticehavedistinctiveregionalcharacteristicsandtheyhaveapreciousheritagebased4Chinesecultureandscience.ThetheoryofChinesemedicinebelievesthehumanbodyisasmalluniversewith5(it)owncirculatorysystem,inthissystem,thereareacupoints(穴位)connectingthechannels.Bystimulatingtheseacupoints,theself-regulatingfunctionsofthehumanbodycan6(promote).Acupuncturereferstothepracticeofinsertingneedlesintothebodyofapatientatacertainangleandusing7(technique)suchastwistingandliftingtheneedlestoexciteacupoints8(treat)diseases.Moxa-moxibustionnormallyreferstoplacingmoxa(艾)directlyonacupointsorholdingmoxasticksat9distancetowarmthebody.In1995,theWorldHealthOrganizationpublished10canbetreatedbyacupunctureandmoxibustion.TCMhasbeemoreandmoreacceptedbyothercountriesintheworld.【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了中國(guó)的中醫(yī)針灸和艾灸。1.traditional考查形容詞。此處Chinesemedicine是名詞短語(yǔ)，由形容詞修飾。2.Added考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在2010年被添加到聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織的人類(lèi)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)列表之后，針灸在中國(guó)廣為流傳。此處句子主語(yǔ)acupunctureandmoxibustion和add之間是一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。3.widely考查副詞。此處practiced是動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)由副詞修飾。4.on考查介詞。bebasedon“以……為基礎(chǔ)”。5.its考查代詞。此處own意為“自己的”，與形容詞性物主代詞連用。6.bepromoted考查動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：通過(guò)刺激這些穴位可以提升人體的自我調(diào)節(jié)功能。此處是含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can已經(jīng)給出。7.techniques考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：針灸療法指的是在一定角度將針插入病人的身體并使用捻針和抬針等技術(shù)刺激穴位來(lái)治療疾病。此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。8.totreat考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。use＋賓語(yǔ)＋todosth.，此處是動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。9.a考查冠詞。atadistance“在遠(yuǎn)處”。10.what考查賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。此處published是動(dòng)詞，后面是賓語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)。能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且在句子中作主語(yǔ)的，表示事物的只能填what。(4)Whenthewinterapproaches,tanghulu,atraditionalChinesesnackcanbefoundonthestreetcornerinnorthernChina.Sinceancienttimes,it1(be)verypopularwithnatives,especiallychildren.Tanghuluis2(mon)madeofhaws(山楂),whicharerichinvitaminCandareknown3(have)traditionalChinesemedicinalproperties.Accordingtoalegend,800yearsago,oneoftheemperor’s4(wife)wassickandhad5poorappetite.Thedoctorsuggestedthatsheeatfivetotenhaws6(boil)withsugarbeforeeachmeal.Sherecoveredwithinhalfamonth.Latertheprescriptionwaspassedon7ordinarypeople.Peopleputhawsonastick,dippedtheminhotsugarsyrup(糖漿)anddried.Thesyrupfinallyturnedintoasolidcoating,likethecrystalonthesurfaceofhaws.Thatis8theyarealsocalledbingtanghulu.9originstorysaysthattheveryfirsttanghuluonlyhadtwohaw’sasmalloneonthetopandabigonebelow,makingitresembleahulu,abringerofgoodluck.Withsourhawsandsweetsugar,thetasteoftanghuluisa10(bine)offlavors,whichoftenremindspeopleoftheirhappychildhoods【答案】1.hasbeen2.monly3.tohave4.wives5.a6.boiled7.to8.why9.Another10.bination【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹糖葫蘆的起源故事。1.考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意：自古以來(lái)，它就很受當(dāng)?shù)厝说臍g迎，尤其是孩子們。根據(jù)Sinceancienttimes可知，句子用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且句子主語(yǔ)it是單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)。故填hasbeen。2.考查副詞。句意：糖葫蘆通常由山楂制成，山楂富含維生素C，具有傳統(tǒng)的中藥功效。bemadeof是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，由副詞修飾。故填monly。3.考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：糖葫蘆通常由山楂制成，山楂富含維生素C，具有傳統(tǒng)的中藥功效。固定搭配：beknowntodosth.“……為某人所熟知”，此處是不定式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填tohave。4.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：根據(jù)一個(gè)傳說(shuō)，800年前，一位皇帝的妻子生病了，胃口不好。根據(jù)oneof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)可知，此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)。故填wives。5.考查不定冠詞。句意：根據(jù)一個(gè)傳說(shuō)，800年前，一位皇帝的妻子生病了，胃口不好。此處指“食欲差”，appetite是可數(shù)名詞，此處表示泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞來(lái)修飾，且poor是以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的詞，前面加a。故填a。6.考查過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。句意：醫(yī)生建議她每餐前吃五到十個(gè)加糖的山楂。此處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾haws，且動(dòng)詞boil(煮沸)和haws被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。故填boiled。7.考查介詞。句意：后來(lái)，這個(gè)處方被傳遞給了普通人。固定搭配：passonto，意為“傳遞給，傳達(dá)”。故填to。8.考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：這就是為什么他們也被稱(chēng)為冰糖葫蘆?？仗幰龑?dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少原因狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，thatiswhy...意為“那就是為什么……”。故填why。9.考查不定代詞。句意：另一個(gè)起源故事說(shuō)，最早的糖葫蘆只有兩個(gè)葫蘆——一個(gè)小的在上面，一個(gè)大的在下面，使它看起來(lái)像一個(gè)葫蘆，帶來(lái)好運(yùn)。根據(jù)上文Accordingtoalegend,800yearsago可知，此處指糖葫蘆的另一個(gè)起源故事，所以用不定代詞another，且位于句子開(kāi)頭，第一個(gè)字母用大寫(xiě)。故填A(yù)nother。10.考查名詞。句意：酸酸的山楂和甜甜的糖，使糖葫蘆的味道是一種混合的味道，經(jīng)常讓人想起他們快樂(lè)的童年。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)a10(bine)of可知，此處用名詞作表語(yǔ)，bine的名詞為bination，abinationof意為“……的混合”。故填bination。(5)Likemanyotherchildrenofimmigrants

1(grow)upinawhitecentricmunity,Itriedtohidemyidentityformostofmyformative(影響性格形成的)years.Butmydadalwaystoldme,“BeproudofbeingChinese.”ForayounggirlinthecountrysideofOhio,beingproudofmyheritagewasnoeasytask.2waseasiertoblendin(融合),t