2020安徽考研英語二真題【含答案】

2020安徽考研英語二真題試卷

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Beingagoodparentis,ofcourse,whateveryparentwouldliketobe.Butdefining

whatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyvery_1_,particularlysince

childrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.Acalm,rule-following

childmightrespondbettertoadifferentsortofparentingthan,—2—,ayounger

sibling.

_3—,there?sanothersortofparentthat,sabiteasierto_4_:apatientparent.

Childrenofeveryagebenefitfrompatientparenting.Still,5everyparentwould

liketobepatient,thisisnoeasy_6—.Sometimesparentsgetexhaustedand

frustratedandareunabletomaintaina_7_andcomposedstylewiththeirkids.

Iunderstandthis.

You,reonlyhuman,andsometimesyourkidscan_8_youjustalittletoofar.

Andthenthe_9—happens:Youloseyourpatienceandeitherscreamatyourkids

orsaysomethingthatwasabittoo10anddoesnobodyanygood.Youwishthat

youcould_11_theclockandstartover.We'veallbeenthere.

12,eventhoughit'scommon,it'simportanttokeepinmindthatinasingle

momentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumay_13—fora

longtime.Thismaynotonlydodamagetoyourrelationshipwithyourchildbutalso

—14—yourchild,sself-esteem.

Ifyouconsistentlyloseyour_15_withyourkids,thenyouareinadvertently

modelingalackofemotionalcontrolforyourkids.Weareallbecomingincreasingly

awareofthe_16_ofmodelingtoleranceandpatiencefortheyoungergeneration.

Thisisaskillthatwillhelpthemallthroughoutlife.Infact,theabilityto

emotionallyregulateormaintainemotionalcontrolwhen17bystressisoneof

themostimportantofalllife'sskills.

Certainly,it'sincredibly18tomaintainpatienceatalltimeswithyour

children.Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeas

tolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwith19_situationsinvolvingyour

children.Icanpromiseyouthis:Asaresultofworkingtowardthisgoal,youand

yourchildrenwillbenefitand_20_fromstressfulmomentsfeelingbetter

physicallyandemotionally.

1.AtediousBpleasantCinstructiveDtricky

2.AinadditionBforexampleCatonceDbyaccident

3.AfortunatelyBoccasionallyCaccordinglyDeventually

4.AamuseBassistCdescribeDtrain

5.AwhileBbecauseCunlessDonce

6.AanswerBtaskCchoiceDaccess

7.AtolerantBformalCrigidDcritical

8.AmoveBdragCpushDsend

9.AmysteriousBillogicalCsuspiciousDinevitable

10.AboringBnaiveCharshDvague

11.AturnbackBtakeapartCsetasideDcoverup

12.AoverallBinsteadChoweverI)otherwise

13.AlikeBmissCbelieveDregret

14.AraiseBaffectCjustifyDreflect

15.AtimeBbondCraceDcool

16.AnatureBsecretCimportanceDcontext

17.AcheatedBdefeatedCconfusedDconfronted

18.AterribleBhardCstrangeDwrong

19.AtryingBchangingCexcitingDsurprising

20.AhideBemergeCwithdrawI)escape

今年完形填空的難度系數(shù)很小，基本無生詞，長難句也很少。講的是家長對孩子要有耐心，

屬于比較生活的話題。下面我們一起來看一下答案及解析。

1.Dtricky

此處考察詞義辨析+上下文語境。文章首段首句為主題句：每位父母都想成為好的父母。空

格句開頭為but,句意上出現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)折，“但是如何定義好的父母是個難題"，since后給出

了原因，“因為不同的孩子對待同樣的養(yǎng)育方式反應也是不同的"。tricky意為“棘手的,

困難的”，符合句意。

2.Bforexample

此處考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。前面說了不同的孩子對待同樣的養(yǎng)育方式反應也是不同的，此句

為例證,如果換一種養(yǎng)育方式，一個冷靜而聽話的孩子可能會比他的弟弟或妹妹反應更好些。

所以用表示舉例分析的forexample最合適，其他選項另外、偶爾、意外地都不合適。

3.AFortunately

此處考察副詞詞義辨析+上下文語境。空格所在句指出：還有一類父母描述起來會容易一些，

這類就是非常耐心的父母。第一段告訴我們?nèi)绾味x怎樣才是好的父母是個難題，這里在上

下文文義上是個轉(zhuǎn)折，幸運地是/還好，有一類父母比較容易定義，并且各個年齡段的孩子

都可以從他們的養(yǎng)育方式中獲益。故選Fortunately,其他選項偶爾，對應地，最終地都不

合適。

4.Cdescribe

此處考察動詞詞義辨析+上下文語境。第一段告訴我們?nèi)绾味x怎樣才是好的父母是個難

題，第二段出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折說但是有一類父母很好描述/定義，describe與define相呼應，故選C

符合句意。

5.Awhile

此處考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系?？崭袼诰渲赋觯弘m然每位父母都想成為耐心的父母，但這并不

容易。逗號前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，四個選項中while表轉(zhuǎn)折，選A符合句意。

6.Btask

此處考察名詞詞義辨析。雖然每位父母都想成為耐心的父母，但這不是個容易的差事/任務。

task意為任務，其余選項答案，選擇，途徑/權(quán)限都不合適，故選B符合句意

7.Atolerant

此處考察形容詞詞義辨析。空格所在句指出有時父母會很累很沮喪，這時候?qū)Υ⒆泳秃茈y

沉著冷靜(composed)和包容。tolerant意為包容的，故選A符合句意。

8.Cpush

此處考察動詞詞義辨析+上下文語境。你也不是圣人/你也只是普通人，而且有時候孩子會把

你逼的很緊。push為催促/緊逼，此處move（移動，使感動），drag（拖拽），send（發(fā)送）

均不符合句意，故選C。

9.Dinevitable

此處考察形容詞詞意辨析+上下文語境?？崭袂耙痪渲赋觯河袝r候孩子會把你逼的很緊?？?/p>

格后一句指出你會失去耐心，對孩子大吼大叫。那么這是孩子把你逼的很緊的必然結(jié)果，

inevitable為無法避免的/必然的，故選D符合句意。

10.Charsh

此處考察詞義辨析+上下文語境?？崭窬渚湟猓耗銜ツ托牟⒆哟蠛鸫蠼校矣袝r

候會說一些很傷人/刻薄的話，對每個人都沒好處。根據(jù)上下文，something后面的形容詞

一定是貶義的，harsh為刺耳的/嚴格的，故選C。

11.Aturnback

此處考察動詞搭配+上下文語境。空格句句意：你會希望時間倒流，一切重新再來。turnback

為（使）往回走，takeapart為拆開/拆解，setaside為把....放一旁/不理會，coverup

為蓋起來，均不符合句意，故選A。

12.Chowever

此處考察上下文邏輯關(guān)系。空格句指出：然而，即使是這是很普遍的現(xiàn)象，我們還是要牢記，

哪怕只是一點點的疲憊，都會讓你對孩子說一些你會后悔很久的話。上一段描述了一般情況

下父母是如何對孩子失去耐心，并且這很普遍（We'veallbeenthere/it'scommon）,空

格句對比上一段發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)折，故選C。

13.Dregret

此處考察動詞詞義辨析+上下文語境。上一段描述了父母如何對孩子失去耐心，然后又希望

時間倒流一切重新再來，那么疲憊時對孩子說的話一定是會讓你后悔（regret）的，其他選

項喜歡，錯過，相信均不符合上下文，故選D。

14.Baffect

考察動賓搭配。結(jié)合原文語境，”這也許不僅會傷害你和孩子之間的關(guān)系，而且會...你的

孩子的自尊”所以這里填上一個動詞接后面的賓語自尊心，所以答案只能是affect,“影響

自尊心"。而raise提高，養(yǎng)育；justify證明合理性；reflect影響，均不能合理搭配。

15.Dcool

本題考察動賓搭配，也是主題復現(xiàn)，cool有“冷靜之意?！叭绻憧偸菍δ愕暮⒆邮?..，”

本文一直在探討的主題就是對孩子要有耐心，因此符合題意的只能是cool,而time時間，

bond結(jié)合，紐帶，race比賽，種族都不符合這里的語境。

16.Cimportance

本題考察名詞的修飾關(guān)系，AofB的結(jié)構(gòu)中填名詞A,主要參照后面of結(jié)構(gòu)對它的修飾作

用。Of結(jié)構(gòu)在這里表示“建立對孩子寬容和耐心的...”聯(lián)系前面說"我們越來越重視..."

因此符合題意的應該是importance"重要性"nature,自然、天性；secret秘密，context

環(huán)境。

17.Dconfronted

本題考查動賓搭配，根據(jù)本題語境，”事實上，在....壓力時情緒調(diào)節(jié)或維持情緒控制的能

力是所有生活技能中最重要的一項”，壓力前面應該搭配“面對”故選擇confronted其他

的cheated欺騙，defeated打敗,confused困惑均不符合。

18.Bhard

此處考察表語形容詞。主要參照跟前面的incredible加起來表示“不可避免的...一直對孩

子保持耐心”可以先看選項terrible糟糕的，strange奇怪的，wrong錯誤的，這三個都不

能放在此處形成合理搭配，所以hard更合適。

19.Atrying

本題考察修飾關(guān)系。根據(jù)原文語境“一個更實際的目標是去嘗試，盡你最大的能力，當你面

對涉及孩子的...情況時，盡可能地寬容和冷靜”需要父母寬容和冷靜的應該是不太好的情

況，答案trying做形容詞表示“令人厭煩的”最合適。changing變化，exciting激動人心

的surprising令人驚訝的，均不能體現(xiàn)這里的含義。

20.Bemerge

考察動賓搭配，這里的句義是“朝著這個目標努力的結(jié)果是，你和你的孩子將受益并從很有

壓力的這些時候...，在身體和情感上感覺更好”。只有“浮現(xiàn)，出現(xiàn)”最符合，所以選擇

emerge,而hide隱藏，withdraw撤退，escape逃避均為負面含義，故不符合。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,

B,Cor1).MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Ratsandotheranimalsneedtobehighlyattunedtosocialsignalsfromothersso

thatcanidentifyfriendstocooperatewithandenemiestoavoid.Tofindoutif

thisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinnattheUniversityofCalifornia,San

Diego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherratscandetectsocialsignalsformrobotic

rats.

Theyhousedeightadultratswithtwotypesofroboticrat-onesocialandoneasocial

一for5ourdays.Therobotsratswerequiteminimalist,resemblingachunkier

versionofacomputermousewithwheels-tomovearoundandcolorfulmarkings.

Duringtheexperiment,thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingratsaround,played

withthesametoys,andopenedcageddoorstolettrappedratsescape.Meanwhile,

theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsandbackwardsandsidetoside

Next,theresearcherstrappedtherobotsincagesandgavetheratstheopportunity

toreleasethembypressingalever.

Across18trialseach,thelivingratswere52percentmorelikelyonaverageto

setthesocialrobotfreethantheasocialone.Thissuggeststhattheratsperceived

thesocialrobotasagenuinesocialbeing.Theymayhavebondedmorewiththesocial

robotbecauseitdisplayedbehaviourslikecommunalexploringandplaying.This

couldleadtotheratsbetterrememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingthe

robottoreturnthefavourwhentheygettrapped,saysQuinn.

Thereadinessoftheratstobefriendthesocialrobotwassurprisinggivenits

minimaldesign.Therobotwasthesamesizeasaregularratbutresembledasimple

plasticboxonwheels."We'dassumedwe'dhavetogiveitamovingheadandtail,

facialfeatures,andputasceneonittomakeitsmelllikearealrat,butthat

wasn'tnecessary,“saysJanetWilesattheUniversityofQueenslandinAustralia,

whohelpedwiththeresearch.

Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsaretosocialcues,evenwhentheycomefrom

basicrobots.Similarly,childrentendtotreatrobotsasiftheyarefellowbeings,

evenwhentheydisplayonlysimplesocialsignals."Wehumansseemtobefascinated

byrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimalsaretoo,“saysWiles.

21.Quinandhercolleaguesconductedatesttoseeifratscan

[A]pickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

[B]distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone

[C]attainsociabletraitsthroughspecialtraining

[D]sendoutwarningmessagestotheirfellow

22.Whatdidthesocialrobotdoduringtheexperiment?

[A]Itfollowedthesocialrobot.

[B]Itplayedwithsometoys.

[C]Itsetthetrappedratsfree.

[D]Itmovedaroundalone.

23.AccordingtoQuinn,theratsreleasedthesocialrobotbecausethey

[A]triedtopracticeameansofescape

[B]expectedittodothesameinreturn

[C]wantedtodisplaytheirintelligence

[D]consideredthataninterestinggame

24.JamesWilesnotesthatrats

[A]canrememberotherrat'sfacialfeatures

[B]differentiatesmellsbetterthansizes

[C]respondmoretocationsthantolooks

[D]canbescaredbyaplasticboxonwheels

25.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthatrats

[A]appeartobeadaptabletonewsurroundings

[B]aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals

C]behavedifferentlyfromchildreninsocializing

[D]aremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

21.Apickupsocialsignalsfromnon-livingrats

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Quinnandhercolleagues和atest

定位到第一段第二句0Tofindoutifthisextendstonon-livingbeings,LolehQuinn

attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,andhercolleaguestestedwhetherrats

candetectsocialsignalsfromroboticrats.為了查明這是否延伸到了非生物，Quinn

和她的同事測試了老鼠能否從機器老鼠身上探測到社會信號。正確答案A是原文的同義替

換。選項B的distinguishafriendlyratfromahostileone區(qū)分友好的老鼠和敵對的

老鼠，并未提及，是常識性干擾。選項C的attainsociabletraitsthroughspecial

training通過特殊訓練獲得社交品質(zhì)，原文并未提及，屬于無中生有。選項D的sendout

warningmessagestotheirfellow向它們的同伴發(fā)出警告信息，原文并未提及，屬于無

中生有。

22.DItmovedaroundalone.

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞theasocialrobot和experiment

定位到第三段最后一句Meanwhile,theasocialrobotsimplymovedforwardsand

backwardsandsidetoside.同時，不具有社交能力的機器人只能進行簡單的前后左右移

動。正確答案DItmovedaroundalone.是原文的同義替換。選項A的Itfollowedthesocial

robot.它跟隨具備社交能力的老鼠,與原文thesocialrobotratfollowedthelivingrats

around不符，原文說的是具備社交能力的老鼠跟隨真老鼠，屬于張冠李戴。選項B的It

playedwithsometoys.它玩一些玩具，與原文不符，原文中說的是具備社交能力的老鼠玩

同樣的玩具，屬于張冠李戴。選項C的Itsetthetrappedratsfree.它釋放了被困的老

鼠也與原文內(nèi)容不符，原文說的同樣是具備社交能力的老鼠，而題干問的是不具備社交能力

的老鼠在實驗中做了什么，屬于張冠李戴。

23.Bexpectedittodothesameinreturn

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Quinn和theratsreleasedthe

socialrobots往下定位到第四五段,第五段最后一句Thiscouldleadtotheratsbetter

rememberinghavingfreeditearlier,andwantingtherobottoreturnthefavourwhen

theygettrapped,saysQuinn.Quinn說：這可能會讓老鼠更好地記住早些時候已經(jīng)釋放

了機器人，并希望機器人在它們被困住時能回報它們的恩惠。正確答案Bexpectedittodo

thesameinreturn是原文的同義替換。干擾項A的triedtopracticeameansofescape

試圖嘗試一種逃跑的方法，原文并未提及,屬于無中生有。選項C的wantedtodisplaytheir

intelligence想要展示它們的智慧，文中并未提到，屬于無中生有。選項D的considered

thataninterestinggame覺得是個有趣的游戲在原文當中也沒有體現(xiàn)，屬于無中生有。

24.Crespondmoretoactionsthantolooks

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞JamesWiles定位到第六七段，尾

段尾句Wehumansseemtobefascinatedbyrobots,anditturnsoutotheranimals

aretoo,saysWiles.Wiles“我們?nèi)祟愃坪鯇C器人很著迷，事實證明其他動物也

很著迷?！痹俳Y(jié)合尾段前面部分的闡述，會發(fā)現(xiàn)正確答案Crespondmoretoactionsthan

tolooks對行動的反應多于對外表的反應，是原文的類似表達。干擾項A的canremember

otherrat,sfacialfeatures能夠記住其他老鼠的面部特征，與原文內(nèi)容不符，原文第六

段說的是假設賦予機器老鼠面部特征，那都不重要，屬于偷換概念。選項B的differentiate

smellsbetterthansizes與體型大小相比，能夠更好地區(qū)分氣味，原文中只提到賦予機

器老鼠真老鼠的氣味，與原文不符，屬于偷換概念。選項D的canbescaredbyaplastic

boxonwheels會被裝有輪子的塑料盒子嚇壞，文中機器老鼠只是裝有輪子的塑料盒子，還

是屬于偷換概念。

25.Daremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

解析：本題目為推斷題，考察基于全文主旨進行推斷。題干并沒有具體關(guān)鍵詞，因此需要通

過選項回到文中逐一對應。正確答案Daremoresensitivetosocialcuesthanexpected

對社交線索比預期更敏感，與原文尾段首句Thefindingshowshowsensitiveratsareto

socialcues,evenwhentheycomefrombasicrobots.（這一發(fā)現(xiàn)顯示了老鼠對社交暗

示的敏感程度，即使是來自基本機器老鼠的社交暗示）屬于類似表達。選項A的appearto

beadaptabletonewsurroundings似乎能適應新環(huán)境，在文中并未提及，屬于無中生有。

選項B的aremoresociallyactivethanotheranimals比其他動物更活躍,文中只提到

其他動物也一樣會對機器人著迷，屬于偷換概念。干擾項C的behavedifferentlyfrom

childreninsocializing在社交活動中表現(xiàn)得與孩子不同，與原文內(nèi)容相反，原文內(nèi)容指

的是孩子們傾向于把機器人當作人來對待，即使他們只顯示簡單的社會信號。這一點與老鼠

是一樣的，屬于正反混淆。

Text2

ItistruethatCEOpayhasgoneup-toponesmaymake300timesthepayoftypical

workersonaverage,andsincethemid-1970sCEOpayforlargepubliclytraded

Americancorporationshas,byvaryingestimates,goneupbyabout500%Thetypical

CEOofatopAmericancorporationnowmakesaboutS18.9millionayear.

ThebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthofCEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalent

inaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesforthetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly.The

effortsofAmerica，shighest-earning1%havebeenoneofthemoredynamicelements

oftheglobaleconomy.It'snotpopulartosay,butonereasontheirpayhasgone

upsomuchisthatCEOsreallyhaveuppedtheirgamerelativetomanyotherworkers

intheU.S.economy.

Today'sCEO,atleastformajorAmericanfirms,musthavemanymereskillsthansimply

beingableto“runthecompany"CEOsmusthaveagoodsenseoffinancialmarkets

andmaybeevenhowthecompanyshouldtradeinthem.Theyalsoneedbetterpublic

relationsskillsthantheirpredecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcan

besignificant.Thenthere，sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmore

globalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberof

countries.Toleadinthatsystemrequiresknowledgethatisfarlymind-boggling

plus,virtuallyallmajorAmericancompaniesarebeyondthismajorCEOsstillhave

todoalltheday-to-dayworktheyhavealwaysdone.

ThecommonideathathighCEOpayismainlyaboutrippingpeopleoffdoesn，texplain

historyverywell.Bymostmeasures,corporategovernmancehasbecomealottighter

andmorerigoroussincethe1970s.Yetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodof

strongergovemnancethatCEOpayhasbeenhighandrising.Thatsuggestsitisin

thebroadercorporateinteresttorecruittopcandidatesforincreasinglytough

jobs.”

Furthermore,thehighestCEOsalariesarepaidtooutsidecandidates,nottothe

cozyinsiderpicks,anothersignthathighCEOpayisnotsomekindofdepredation

attheexpenseoftherestofthecompany.Andthestockmarketreactspositively

whencompaniestieCEOpayto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuild

upcorporatevaluenotjustfortheCEO.

26.WhichofthefollowinghascontributedtoCEOpayrise?

[A]Thegrowthinthenumberofcorporations

[B]Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy

[C]Increasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms

[D]Closecooperationamongleadingeconomies

-??Comparedwiththeirpredecessors,today'sCEOsarerequiredto

rAT

LJfosterastrongersenseofteamwork

rBu

L

Cfinancemoreresearchanddevelopment

ru

Lestablishclosertieswithtechcompanies

[D]operatemoreglobalizedcompanies

28.CEOpayhasbeenrisingsincethe1970sdespite

[A]continualinternalopposition

[B]strictcorporategovernance

[C]conservativebusinessstrategies

[D]Repeatedgovernmentwarnings

29.HighCEOpaycanbejustifiedbythefactthatithelps

[A]confirmthestatusofCEOs

[B]motivateinsidecandidates

[C]boosttheefficiencyofCEOs

[D]increasecorporatevalue

30.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe

[A]CEOsAreNotOverpaid

[B]CEOPay:PastandPresent

[C]CEOs'challengesofToday

[D]CEOTraits:NotEasytoDefine

26.CIncreasedbusinessopportunitiesfortopfirms

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞CEOpayrise及題干中對CEO薪

酬增加原因的提問,定位到第二段首句Thebestmodelforunderstandingthegrowthof

CEOpayisthatoflimitedCEOtalentinaworldwherebusinessopportunitiesfor

thetopfirmsaregrowingrapidly,了解CEO薪酬增長的最佳模式是,CEO人才在一個頂

級公司的商業(yè)機會迅速增長的世界里是有限的。正確答案CIncreasedbusiness

opportunitiesfortopfirms增加頂級公司商業(yè)機會的增加。干擾項A的Thegrowthinthe

numberofcoirporations公司數(shù)量的增長，文中并不是說公司數(shù)量而是商業(yè)機會，屬于偷

換概念。選項B的Thegeneralpayrisewithabettereconomy好轉(zhuǎn)的經(jīng)濟帶來的普遍

加薪，文中并未提到bettereconomy,屬于無中生有。選項D的Closecooperationamong

leadingeconomies主要經(jīng)濟體之間的密切合作，文中也并未提到經(jīng)濟體之間的何做，屬于

無中生有。

27.1)operatemoreglobalizedcompanies

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞predecessors及today'sCEOs

定位到第三段第二句Theyalsoneedbetterpublicrelationsskillsthantheir

predecessors,asthecostsofevenaminorslipupcanbesignificant.他們還需要

比他們的前任更好的公關(guān)技巧，因為即使是一個小失誤的成本也可能是巨大的。選項中并未

提至(J,繼續(xù)往后看Thenthere，sthefactthatlargeAmericancompaniesaremuchmore

globalizedthaneverbefore,withsupplychainsspreadacrossalargernumberof

countries.還有一個事實是，美國的大公司比以往任何時候都更加全球化，供應鏈遍布更

多的國家。正確答案Doperatemoreglobalizedcompanies經(jīng)營更全球化的公司是該句內(nèi)

容的同義替換。干擾項A的fosterastrongersenseofteamwork培養(yǎng)更強的團隊合作意

識，文中提到意識，只有對金融市場有很好的了解，甚至公司應該如何進行交易的意識，屬

于偷換概念。選項B的financemoreresearchanddevelopment資助更多的研發(fā)，定位段

并沒有提到，屬于無中生有。選項D的establishclosertieswithtechcompanies與科

技公司建立更緊密的聯(lián)系，定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。

28.Bstrictcorporategovernance

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the1970s定位到第四段第三句

YetitisprincipallyduringthisperiodofstrongergovernancethatCEOpayhas

beenhighandrising.然而，首席執(zhí)行官的薪酬主要是在這一治理更加有力的時期一直居

高不下。正確答案Bstrictcorporategovernance嚴格的公司管理，屬于原文內(nèi)容的替換

表達。干擾項A的continualinternalopposition持續(xù)的內(nèi)部對立在文中并未提到，屬于

無中生有。選項C的conservativebusinessstrategies保守的商業(yè)策略，定位段并沒有

提到，屬于無中生有。選項D的repeatedgovernmentwarnings政府的再三警告定位段并

未提到，屬于無中生有。

29.Dincreasecorporatevalue

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞HighCEOpay及順序出題規(guī)則，

繼續(xù)看尾段，定位句是AndthestockmarketreactspositivelywhencompaniestieCEO

payto,say,stockprices,asignthatthosepracticesbuildupcorporatevaluenot

justfortheCEO.當公司把首席執(zhí)行官的薪酬與股票價格掛鉤時，股票市場的反應是積極

的，這表明這些做法不僅為首席執(zhí)行官帶來機制,而且創(chuàng)造了公司價值。正確答案Dincrease

corporatevalue增加公司價值，是原文內(nèi)容的替換表達。干擾項A的confirmthestatus

ofCEOs證實CEO的地位，定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。選項B的motivateinside

candidates激發(fā)內(nèi)部候選人的積極性，文中尾段首句首席執(zhí)行官的最高薪水是付給外部候

選人的，而不是付給那些舒適的內(nèi)部人選，屬于偷換概念。選項C的boosttheefficiency

ofCEOs提高CEO的效率，定位段未提到，屬于無中生有。

30.ACEOsAreNotOverpaid

解析：本題目為主旨題，考察文章主旨。根據(jù)題干分析文章主題詞為CEO的薪酬，所以排除

C項、D項選項A的CEOsAreNotOverpaid首席執(zhí)行官的薪水并不高。選項B的CEOPay:

PastandPresentCEO的薪酬：過去和現(xiàn)在，而CEO過去的薪酬并不是原文中心，屬于偏

離主題，因此正確選項為A。

Text3

MadridwashailedasapublichealthbeaconlastNovemberwhenitrolledoutambitious

restrictionsonthemostpollutingcars.Sevenmonthsandoneelectiondaylater,

anewconservativecitycouncilsuspendedenforcementofthecleanairzone,afirst

steptowarditspossibledemise.

MayorJoseLuisMartinez-Almeidamadeoppositiontothezoneacentrepieceofhis

electioncampaign,despiteitssuccessinimprovingairquality.Ajudgehasnow

overruledthecity'sdecisiontostoplevyingfines,orderingthemreinstated.But

withlegalbattlesahead,thezone*sfuturelooksuncertainatbest.

Amongotherweaknesses,themeasurescitiesmustemploywhenlefttotackledirty

airontheirownarepoliticallycontentious,andthereforevulnerable.Thats

becausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers

一whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles一ratherthanontothecarmanufacturers

whosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.

It'snothardtoimagineasimilarreversalhappeninginLondon.Thenewultra-low

emissionzone(Ulez)islikelytobeabigissueinnextyear1smayoralelection.

AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircularroadsin2021

asheintends,itissuretorkintenseoppositionfromthefarlargernumberof

motoristswhowillthenbeaffected.

It'snotthatmeasuressuchasLondon*sUlezareuseless.Farfromit.Localofficials

areusingtheleversthatareavailabletothemtosafeguardresidents，healthin

thefaceofaseriousthreat.Thezonesdodeliversomeimprovementstoairquality,

andthesciencetellsusthatmeansrealhealthbenefits-fewerheartattacks,

strokesandprematurebirths,lesscancer,dementiaandasthma.Feweruntimely

deaths.

Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemthatisfarbigger

thananyonecityortown.TheyareactingbecausenationalgovernmentsBritain

sandothersacrossEurope-havefailedtodoso.

Restrictionsthatkeephighlypollutingcarsoutofcertainareas-citycentres,。

schoolstreets”,evenindividualroads-arearesponsetotheabsenceofalarger

efforttoproperlyenforceexistingregulationsandrequireautocompaniestobring

theirvehiclesintocompliance.Waleshasintroducedspeciallowspeedlimitsto

minimisepollution.Weredoingeverythingbutinsistthatmanufacturerscleanup

theircars.

31.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMadrid'scleanairzone?

[A]Itseffectsarequestionable

[B]Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge

[C]Itneedstougherenforcement

[D]Itsfateisyettobedecided

32.Whichisconsideredaweaknessofthecity-levelmeasurestotackledirtyair?

[A]Theyarebiasedagainstcarmanufacturers.

[B]Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.

[C]Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.

D]Theyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.

33.TheauthorbelievesthattheextensionofLondon，sUlezwill.

-A

-arousestrongresistance.

rB1

LJ

CensureKhan'selectoralsuccess,

-u

_improvethecitystraffic.

[D]discouragecarmanufacturing.

34.Whodoestheauthorthinkshouldhaveaddressedtheproblem?

[A]Localresidents

[B]Mayors.

[C]Councilors.

[D]Nationalgovernments.

35.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatautocompanies.

[A]willraiselow-emissioncarproduction

[B]shouldbeforcedtofollowregulations

[C]willupgradethedesignoftheirvehicles

[D]shouldbeputunderpublicsupervision

31.DItsfateisyettobedecided

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Madrid'scleanairzone定位到

前兩段，首段說明背景Madrid'scleanairzone的執(zhí)行暫停。繼續(xù)找第二段，盡管能夠提

高空氣質(zhì)量，但是市長表示反對。一位法官現(xiàn)在否決了該市停止征收罰款的決定，下令恢復

原狀。但隨著法律斗爭的進行，Madrid'scleanairzone的未來看起來也不確定。正確答

案DItsfateisyettobedecided它的命運尚未決定，是原文內(nèi)容的替換表達。選項A

的Itseffectsarequestionable.其效果值得懷疑。與原文內(nèi)容相反，屬于正反混淆。選

項B的Ithasbeenopposedbyajudge.它遭到法官的反對。文中法官反對的并不是Madrid's

cleanairzone,而是停止征收罰款的決定。選項C的Itneedstougherenforcem6nt.它

需要更嚴格的執(zhí)行。文中是執(zhí)行已經(jīng)停止，與原文內(nèi)容不符，屬于偷換概念。

32.DTheyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞aweaknessofthecity-level

measures及tackledirtyair定位到第三段第二句：That'sbecausetheyinevitablyput

thecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdrivers一whomustpayfeesorbuy

bettervehicles—ratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhoseheatingisthereal

causeofourtoxicpollution.這是因為他們不可避免地把清潔空氣的費用轉(zhuǎn)嫁給那些必

須支付費用或購買更好車輛的司機，而不是汽車制造商，因為他們的供暖是造成我們有毒污

染的真正原因。正確答案DTheyputtoomuchburdenonindividualmotorists.他們給

個人駕車者增加了太多負擔與原文內(nèi)容一致。選項A的Theyarebiasedagaincar

manufactures.他們對汽車制造商有偏見，文中提到汽車制造商，卻并未提到對其有無偏見，

屬于偷換概念。選項B的Theyproveimpracticalforcitycouncils.這些措施對市議會

來說是不切實際的。選項C的Theyaredeemedtoomildforpoliticians.他們被認為對

政治家來說太溫和了。定位段并未提到，屬于無中生有。

33.Aarousestrongresistance

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞extension和London'sUlez定

位至I」第四段：AndifSadiqKhanwinsandextendsittotheNorthandSouthCircular

roadsin2021asheintends,itissuretorkintenseoppositionfromthefarlarger

numberofmotoristswhowillthenbeaffected.如果SadiqKhan在2021年勝出，并

按照他的意愿將其延伸至南北環(huán)路，肯定會引發(fā)更多駕車者的強烈反對，屆時他們將受到影

響。正確答案Aarousestrongresistance引起強烈抵抗與原文內(nèi)容一致。選項B的ensure

Khanselectoralsuccess確保Khans選舉成功，文中提到的是如果這個人贏了，屬于偷換

概念。選項C的improvethecity，straffic改善城市交通，定位段并未提到，屬于無中

生有。選項D的discouragecarmanufacturing抑制汽車制造業(yè)也并未在定位段提到，屬

于無中生有。

34.1)Nationalgovernments

解析：本題目為細節(jié)題，考察具體細節(jié)。根據(jù)題干信息，問的是作者的具體觀點。定位到第

六段：Butmayorsandcouncillorscanonlydosomuchaboutaproblemt