任務(wù)精讀：隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造（雙語）課件講解

隧道施工技術(shù)隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelConstructionTechnologyTunnelTrunkSupportStructure整體式模筑混凝土襯砌Model-buildingconcretemonolithiclining1裝配式襯砌Prefabricatedlining2噴錨支護(hù)Shotcrete-boltsupport3復(fù)合式襯砌Compositelining4課程小結(jié)Summary5ShotcreteSupport隧道施工技術(shù)目錄TableofContentsTunnelConstructionTechnology整體式模筑凝土襯砌Model-buildingconcretemonolithiclining01隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure直墻式Verticalwalltype曲墻式Curvedwalltype地質(zhì)條件/圍巖級別GeologicalConditions/SurroundingRockClass傳統(tǒng)襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)形式，不考慮圍巖的承載作用，在坑道內(nèi)立模板、拱架,然后澆筑混凝土而成的整體式模筑混凝土襯砌model-buildingconcretemonolithicliningThetraditionalliningstructuredoesnotconsidertheload-bearingofsurroundingrock.Formworkandarchframeareerectedinthegallery,andthenconcreteispoured.鐵路隧道Ⅲ級圍巖直墻式襯砌標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖直墻式襯砌上部的拱圈Upperarchring側(cè)邊的垂直墻體Verticalwallsonbothsides下部的鋪底BottomingVerticalwallliningStandardDrawingofVerticalWallLiningforClassIIISurroundingRockofRailwayTunnel隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructureRailtopsurface直墻式Verticalwalltype上部拱圈Upperarchring兩側(cè)豎直邊墻Verticalwallsonbothsides下部鋪底Bottoming++=直墻式襯砌適用范圍：地質(zhì)條件比較好,以垂直圍巖壓力為主而水平圍巖壓力較小的情況，主要適用于Ⅰ~Ⅲ級圍巖，有時也可用于IV級圍巖。曲墻式Curvedwalltype地質(zhì)條件/圍巖級別GeologicalConditions/SurroundingRockClassStandardDrawingofVerticalWallLiningforClassIIISurroundingRockofRailwayTunnel

Scopeofapplicationofverticalwalllining:Verticalwallliningissuitableforgoodgeologicalconditions,withmainverticalsurroundingrockpressureandlowhorizontalsurroundingrockpressure.ItismainlyapplicabletoClassI~IIIsurroundingrock,andsometimestoClassIVsurroundingrock.隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure整體式模筑混凝土襯砌Model-buildingconcretemonolithiclining傳統(tǒng)襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)形式，不考慮圍巖的承載作用，在坑道內(nèi)立模板、拱架,然后澆筑混凝土而成的Thetraditionalliningstructuredoesnotconsidertheload-bearingofsurroundingrock.Formworkandarchframeareerectedinthegallery,andthenconcreteispoured.鐵路隧道Ⅲ級圍巖直墻式襯砌標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖Railtopsurface鐵路隧道Ⅲ級圍巖直墻式襯砌標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖半襯砌(省去邊墻)。注意在拱腳做平臺以支撐拱圈，兩側(cè)巖壁噴漿敷面以阻止風(fēng)化和少量地下水的滲透。1、半襯砌(省去邊墻)1.Semi-liningoromissionofsidewallsSemi-lining(sidewallsomitted).Don'tforgettomakeaplatformatthearchspringingtosupportthearchring,Rockwallsonbothsidesareshotcretedtopreventweatheringandinfiltrationofgroundwater.半襯砌(省去邊墻)。注意在拱腳做平臺以支撐拱圈，兩側(cè)巖壁噴漿敷面以阻止風(fēng)化和少量地下水的滲透。2、大拱腳2.LargearchspringingSemi-lining(sidewallsomitted).Don'tforgettomakeaplatformatthearchspringingtosupportthearchring,Rockwallsonbothsidesareshotcretedtopreventweatheringandinfiltrationofgroundwater.降低邊墻建筑材料等級或采用花邊墻如柱式邊墻、連拱式邊墻。3、降低邊墻建筑材料等級或采用花邊墻3.ReducethegradeofsidewallbuildingmaterialsoradoptlacewallReducethegradeofsidewallbuildingmaterialsoradoptlacewall,Suchascolumn-typesidewallandmulti-archsidewall.有以下幾種特殊情況直墻式襯砌VerticalwallliningVerticalwallliningsareinspecialformsasfollows隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure(unit:cm)TopsurfaceofinnerrailSidewallShotcretingTopsurfaceofinnerrail曲墻式Curvedwalltype頂部拱圈toparchring側(cè)面曲邊墻curvedsidewall底部仰拱/鋪底bottominvertedarch/bottoming++=曲墻式襯砌適用于地質(zhì)條件比較差，巖體松散破碎，強(qiáng)度不高，又有地下水，側(cè)向水平壓力也相當(dāng)大的Ⅳ、V和Ⅵ級圍巖。地質(zhì)條件/圍巖級別GeologicalConditions/SurroundingRockClassCurvedwallliningisapplicableforpoorgeologicalconditions,suchasclassIV,VandVIsurroundingrockswithlooseandbrokenrockmass,lowstrength,andlargelateralpressure,andthere'sgroundwater.整體式模筑混凝土襯砌Model-buildingconcretemonolithiclining傳統(tǒng)襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)形式，不考慮圍巖的承載作用，在坑道內(nèi)立模板、拱架,然后澆筑混凝土而成的Thetraditionalliningstructuredoesnotconsidertheload-bearingofsurroundingrock.Formworkandarchframeareerectedinthegallery,andthenconcreteispoured.隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure鐵路隧道V級圍巖整體曲墻式襯砌CurvedwallmonolithicliningforclassVsurroundingrockofrailwaytunnelTopsurfaceofinnerrail裝配式襯砌Prefabricatedlining021、一經(jīng)裝配成環(huán)，不需要養(yǎng)生時間，即可承受圍巖壓力。優(yōu)點Advantages1.Onceassembledintoaring,itcanbearthepressureofsurroundingrockwithoutanycuring.裝配式襯砌由一塊一塊的構(gòu)件提前預(yù)制完成裝配式襯砌PrefabricatedliningTheprefabricatedliningismadeofmembersprefabricatedonebyoneinadvance2、預(yù)制的構(gòu)件可以在工廠成批生產(chǎn),在洞內(nèi)進(jìn)行機(jī)械化拼裝，從而改善勞動條件。3、拼裝時，不需要臨時支撐(如拱架、模板等)，從而節(jié)省了大量的支撐材料和勞力4、拼裝速度因機(jī)械化而提高，不僅縮短了工期，還有可能使造價降低。2.Theprefabricatedmemberscanbeproducedinbatchesinthefactoryandassembledmechanicallyinthetunnel,thusimprovingtheworkingconditions.3.Duringassembly,notemporarysupport(suchasarchframe,formwork,etc.)isrequired,thussavingalotofsupportingmaterialsandlabor.4.Theassemblyisfasterduetomechanization,whichnotonlyshortenstheconstructionperiod,butalsomayreducethecost.隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure掘進(jìn)方向Tunnelingdirection環(huán)向螺栓孔Circumferentialbolthole縱向螺栓孔Longitudinalbolthole1、強(qiáng)度足夠而且耐久。構(gòu)造要求StructuralRequirements1.Withsufficientstrengthandgooddurability.裝配式襯砌由一塊一塊的構(gòu)件提前預(yù)制完成裝配式襯砌PrefabricatedliningTheprefabricatedliningismadeofmembersprefabricatedonebyoneinadvance2、能立即承受荷載。3、裝配簡便，構(gòu)件類型少，形式簡單，尺寸統(tǒng)一，便于工業(yè)化制作和機(jī)械化拼裝。4、構(gòu)件的尺寸大小和質(zhì)量適合拼裝機(jī)械的能力。5、有防水的設(shè)施。2.Beabletobeartheloadimmediately.。3.Simpleassembly,fewmembertypes,simplestyleanduniformdimensions,convenientforindustrialproductionandmechanicalassembly;4.Thesizeandmassofmemberaresuitablefortheabilityofassemblymachine.5.Waterproofingfacilitiesavailable.隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure掘進(jìn)方向Tunnelingdirection環(huán)向螺栓孔Circumferentialbolthole縱向螺栓孔Longitudinalbolthole噴錨支護(hù)Shotcrete-boltsupport03噴射混凝土的拌和材料應(yīng)符合下面的條件Theadditiveofshotcreteshallmeetthefollowingrequirements:1.普通硅酸鹽水泥不小于325號。1.OrdinaryPortlandcementshallnotbelessthanGrade325.2.堅硬耐久的卵石或碎石的粒徑不應(yīng)大于15mm。3.河沙中不含土質(zhì)或雜物4.速凝劑應(yīng)采用質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定的產(chǎn)品。噴錨支護(hù)Shotcrete-boltsupport借高壓噴射水泥混凝土和打入巖層中的金屬錨桿的聯(lián)合作用加固巖層噴射混凝土層Shotcretelayer錨桿anchorrod+Therockstratumisreinforcedbythecombinedactionofhighpressureshotcreteandmetalanchorrodsdrivenintotherockstratum.隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure2.Theparticlesizeofhardanddurablepebblesorcrushedstonesshallnotbegreaterthan15mm.3.Theriversandisfreeofsoilorimpurities.4.Theacceleratorshallbeofstablequality.CompositePortlandcement1.干噴。在輸送到噴頭處與高壓水混合。噴射混凝土的噴射方式Shotcretingmethod1.Dryshotcreting.Itismixedwithhigh-pressurewateratthenozzle.2.潮噴。預(yù)加水成潮濕狀，再在噴頭處與高壓水混合。3.濕噴。拌和好混凝土，在噴頭處與速凝劑混合后噴出。4.噴射時應(yīng)分段、分部、分塊，嚴(yán)格按先墻后拱，先下后上的順序進(jìn)行，噴射時一次噴射厚度不宜太薄或太厚，噴層的厚度一般為5--25cm。噴錨支護(hù)Shotcrete-boltsupport借高壓噴射水泥混凝土和打入巖層中的金屬錨桿的聯(lián)合作用加固巖層噴射混凝土層Shotcretelayer錨桿anchorrod+Therockstratumisreinforcedbythecombinedactionofhighpressureshotcreteandmetalanchorrodsdrivenintotherockstratum.2.Wetshotcretingmethod.Addwaterinadvancetomakeitwet,andthenmixitwithhigh-pressurewateratthenozzle.3.Dampenshotcretingmethod.Theconcretemixismixedwithacceleratoratthenozzleandthensprayedtotherock.4.Theshotcretingshallbecarriedoutinsections,partsandblocks,wallbeforearch,frombottomtotop.Theshotcretingthicknessshouldnotbetoothinortoothickeverytime.Theshotcretelayerisgenerally5-25cmthick.隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructureCompositePortlandcement錨固方式Anchoringmethod作用Function機(jī)械型Mechanicaltypetheanchorrodisembeddedinthesurroundingrockthroughtheexpansionoftheanchorrodbodyortheanchorheadattheendofthebolt.通過錨桿桿體或桿端錨頭的膨脹將錨桿嵌固在圍巖中黏結(jié)型利用灌漿將錨桿桿體或桿端端部固定在圍巖內(nèi)BondedTheanchorrodbodyortheboltendisfixedinthesurroundingrockbygrouting.支撐、加固、組合梁、懸吊Support.Reinforcement.Compositebeam.Suspension錨桿作用示意圖SchematicDiagramofAnchorRod錨桿anchorrod噴錨支護(hù)Shotcrete-boltsupport借高壓噴射水泥混凝土和打入巖層中的金屬錨桿的聯(lián)合作用加固巖層噴射混凝土層Shotcretelayer錨桿anchorrod+Therockstratumisreinforcedbythecombinedactionofhighpressureshotcreteandmetalanchorrodsdrivenintotherockstratum.隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructureAnchoragesectionFreesection類型Type全長黏結(jié)型

Full-lengthbondedanchorrod摩擦型錨桿Frictionanchorrod端頭錨固型錨桿End-anchoredanchorrod預(yù)應(yīng)力型錨桿或錨索prestressedanchorrodoranchorcable錨桿作用示意圖SchematicDiagramofAnchorRod錨桿anchorrod噴錨支護(hù)Shotcrete-boltsupport借高壓噴射水泥混凝土和打入巖層中的金屬錨桿的聯(lián)合作用加固巖層噴射混凝土層Shotcretelayer錨桿anchorrod+Therockstratumisreinforcedbythecombinedactionofhighpressureshotcreteandmetalanchorrodsdrivenintotherockstratum.隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructureAnchoragesectionFreesection復(fù)合式襯砌Compositelining04常用組合Commoncombination外襯outerlining防水層waterprooflayer內(nèi)襯innerlining++=防水層材料：軟聚氯乙烯薄膜、聚異丁烯片、聚乙烯片等防水卷材、或噴涂乳化瀝青等防水劑復(fù)合式襯砌Compositelining適合多種地質(zhì)條件，由兩層或兩層以上的襯砌組成。目前最常用的是“雙層襯砌”，就是由內(nèi)襯和外襯兩層組成。Itissuitableforavarietyofgeologicalconditionsandconsistsoftwoormorelayersoflining.Atpresent,the"double-layerlining"ismostcommonlyused,whichconsistsofinnerliningandouterlining.二次襯砌

Secondarylining防水層

Waterprooflayer鋼架

Steelrib鋼筋網(wǎng)

Reinforcingmesh噴射混凝土

Shotcrete系統(tǒng)錨桿

Systemanchorrod日本、歐美等國家軟弱地層隧道中InsoftstratumtunnelsinJapan,Europe,Americaandothercountries傳統(tǒng)襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)型式TraditionalLiningStructure二次襯砌

Secondarylining防水層

Waterprooflayer鎖腳錨桿

Feet-lockanchorrod鋼筋網(wǎng)

Reinforcingmesh噴射混凝土

Shotcrete

鋼架

Steelrib突破了現(xiàn)行國內(nèi)外設(shè)計規(guī)范！

Breakthroughthecurrentdomesticandforeigndesigncodes!新的襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)型式NewliningstructuretypeWaterprooflayermaterials：SoftPVCfilm,polyethylenesheetandotherwaterproofrolls,oremulsifiedasphaltandotherwaterproofagents.隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructurePebbledrainageblindditchTunnelfillingWaterproofreinforcedconcreteforsecondarylining50-thickC15fineaggregateconcretecoverSelecteitherSD-1orSD-2forthewaterprooflayerDrainageprotectionboardFilterlayer(geotextile)Liningsupportstructure(shotcrete,thicknessasperdesign)常用組合Commoncombination外襯outerlining防水層waterprooflayer內(nèi)襯innerlining++=防水層材料：軟聚氯乙烯薄膜、聚異丁烯片、聚乙烯片等防水卷材、或噴涂乳化瀝青等防水劑復(fù)合式襯砌Compositelining適合多種地質(zhì)條件，由兩層或兩層以上的襯砌組成。目前最常用的是“雙層襯砌”，就是由內(nèi)襯和外襯兩層組成。Itissuitableforavarietyofgeologicalconditionsandconsistsoftwoormorelayersoflining.Atpresent,the"double-layerlining"ismostcommonlyused,whichconsistsofinnerliningandouterlining.二次襯砌

Secondarylining防水層

Waterprooflayer鋼架

Steelrib鋼筋網(wǎng)

Reinforcingmesh噴射混凝土

Shotcrete系統(tǒng)錨桿

Systemanchorrod日本、歐美等國家軟弱地層隧道中InsoftstratumtunnelsinJapan,Europe,Americaandothercountries傳統(tǒng)襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)型式TraditionalLiningStructure二次襯砌

Secondarylining防水層

Waterprooflayer鎖腳錨桿

Feet-lockanchorrod鋼筋網(wǎng)

Reinforcingmesh噴射混凝土

Shotcrete

鋼架

Steelrib突破了現(xiàn)行國內(nèi)外設(shè)計規(guī)范！

Breakthroughthecurrentdomesticandforeigndesigncodes!新的襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)型式NewliningstructuretypeWaterprooflayermaterials：SoftPVCfilm,polyethylenesheetandotherwaterproofrolls,oremulsifiedasphaltandotherwaterproofagents.隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure復(fù)合式村砌最適宜在Ⅱ~Ⅵ級圍巖中使用，但遇到下列情況時應(yīng)慎重對待,必要時應(yīng)輔以相應(yīng)的加固措施。

CompositeliningismostsuitableforClassII~VIsurroundingrock.However,thefollowingcasesshouldbetreatedwithcaution:Reinforcementmeasuresshallbetakencorrespondinglywhennecessary.1.拱頂以上覆蓋厚度小于隧道直徑時2.有明顯偏壓力時3.在無自穩(wěn)能力的未膠結(jié)沙礫石地層中時4.在大膨脹性、大涌水的地層中時5.在嚴(yán)重的凍害地區(qū)中時復(fù)合式襯砌Compositelining適合多種地質(zhì)條件，由兩層或兩層以上的襯砌組成。目前最常用的是“雙層襯砌”，就是由內(nèi)襯和外襯兩層組成。Itissuitableforavarietyofgeologicalconditionsandconsistsoftwoormorelayersoflining.Atpresent,the"double-layerlining"ismostcommonlyused,whichconsistsofinnerliningandouterlining.1.Whenthecoverthicknessabovethevaultislessthanthetunneldiameter2.Whenthereisobviouseccentricalloadonthetunnel3.Whenthetunnelisinanuncementedsandygravelstratumwithoutself-stabilizingability4.orinstratawithhighexpansibilityandheavywaterburst4.orinseverelyfrozenareas隧道洞身支護(hù)構(gòu)造TunnelTrunkSupportStructure

外襯(初期支護(hù))允許大的約束變形，允許出現(xiàn)少量裂縫，吸收變形壓力，穩(wěn)定洞壁，與圍巖共同形成支護(hù)休系。復(fù)合式襯砌的支護(hù)機(jī)理SupportMechanismofCompositeLining

Theouterlining(primarysupport)allowslargeconstraintdeformation,allowsasmallnum