標(biāo)準(zhǔn)解讀
GB 44240-2024是一項針對電能存儲系統(tǒng)中使用的鋰蓄電池和電池組的安全要求標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)旨在確保此類產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計、生產(chǎn)、使用及維護過程中符合國家安全規(guī)定，預(yù)防潛在的電氣火災(zāi)、爆炸、漏電等危險情況，保護用戶生命財產(chǎn)安全和環(huán)境。以下是該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)涵蓋的主要內(nèi)容要點：
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適用范圍：明確了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適用于固定式和移動式電能存儲系統(tǒng)中使用的鋰離子電池和電池組，包括但不限于太陽能、風(fēng)能儲存系統(tǒng)以及電動汽車、通信基站備用電源等應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。
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安全設(shè)計原則：要求鋰蓄電池和電池組在設(shè)計階段需遵循安全優(yōu)先原則，包括過充電保護、過放電保護、短路保護、溫度控制及熱失控管理機制，確保電池在異常狀態(tài)下的安全性能。
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電池結(jié)構(gòu)與材料：規(guī)范了電池的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計、外殼材質(zhì)及內(nèi)部組件的選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，強調(diào)使用阻燃、耐高溫材料，提高電池的整體安全等級。
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電氣安全要求：詳細(xì)說明了電氣連接、絕緣電阻、耐電壓測試等電氣安全性能指標(biāo)，確保電池在正常及異常工作條件下的電氣安全。
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熱管理與散熱要求：規(guī)定了電池組的熱管理系統(tǒng)設(shè)計標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，包括有效散熱途徑、溫控傳感器的布置、熱失控預(yù)警及防護措施，以防止熱積累導(dǎo)致的安全事故。
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機械安全與環(huán)境適應(yīng)性：要求電池組具有足夠的機械強度，能夠承受預(yù)期的運輸、安裝及使用過程中的外力沖擊，同時要能在特定的環(huán)境條件下（如高低溫、濕度變化）保持正常功能。
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電池管理系統(tǒng)(BMS)要求：強調(diào)了電池管理系統(tǒng)的重要性，要求其具備精確的電量計量、狀態(tài)監(jiān)測、故障診斷及保護控制功能，以實現(xiàn)電池的智能化管理與保護。
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測試與認(rèn)證：規(guī)定了電池和電池組在出廠前必須通過的一系列安全測試項目，包括但不限于循環(huán)壽命測試、濫用測試（如外部短路、過充過放、碰撞試驗）及環(huán)境適應(yīng)性測試，并要求取得相應(yīng)的安全認(rèn)證。
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標(biāo)識與說明書：要求產(chǎn)品上明確標(biāo)注安全警告、操作指南及維護信息，提供詳細(xì)的用戶手冊，確保用戶正確使用和維護電池系統(tǒng)。
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回收與處置：雖然可能不直接包含在安全要求內(nèi)，但標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可能提及電池的環(huán)?；厥蘸吞幹弥笇?dǎo)原則，以減少對環(huán)境的影響。
如需獲取更多詳盡信息，請直接參考下方經(jīng)官方授權(quán)發(fā)布的權(quán)威標(biāo)準(zhǔn)文檔。
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- 2024-07-24 頒布
- 2025-08-01 實施
文檔簡介
ICS
29.220.99
CCS
K82
中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
GB44240—2024
電能存儲系統(tǒng)用鋰蓄電池和電池組
安全要求
Secondarylithiumcellsandbatteriesusedinelectricalenergystorage
systems—Safetyrequirements
2024-07-24發(fā)布2025-08-01實施
國家市場監(jiān)督管理總局發(fā)布
國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會
GB44240—2024
目次
前言
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Ⅲ
引言
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Ⅳ
1
范圍
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1
2
規(guī)范性引用文件
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1
3
術(shù)語和定義
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1
4
試驗條件
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5
4.1
試驗的適用性
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5
4.2
試驗的環(huán)境條件
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6
4.3
參數(shù)測量公差
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6
4.4
溫度測量方法
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6
4.5
測試用充放電程序
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6
4.6
型式試驗
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6
5
一般安全要求
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9
5.1
一般安全性的考慮
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9
5.2
安全工作參數(shù)
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9
5.3
標(biāo)識和警示說明
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10
5.4
安全關(guān)鍵元器件
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10
6
電池電安全
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11
6.1
高溫外部短路
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11
6.2
過充電
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11
6.3
強制放電
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11
7
環(huán)境安全
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12
7.1
低氣壓
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12
7.2
溫度循環(huán)
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12
7.3
振動
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13
7.4
加速度沖擊
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13
7.5
重物沖擊
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14
7.6
擠壓
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14
7.7
淺刺（模擬內(nèi)部短路）
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15
7.8
熱濫用
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15
7.9
跌落
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15
8
電池組系統(tǒng)電安全
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17
8.1
電池組管理單元/電池組管理系統(tǒng)要求
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17
8.2
試驗樣品
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17
Ⅰ
GB44240—2024
8.3
過壓充電控制
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18
8.4
過流充電控制
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18
8.5
欠壓放電控制
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19
8.6
過熱控制
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19
9
其他要求
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19
9.1
耐異常熱
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19
9.2
可運輸?shù)挠糜诎惭b或維護的電池組系統(tǒng)外殼材料
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19
9.3
運輸和安裝過程中的電氣絕緣檢查
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19
9.4
運輸和安裝過程中的短路保護
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20
9.5
反向連接保護
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20
9.6
電池組系統(tǒng)抗電強度
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20
9.7
電池?zé)崾Э嘏c電池組系統(tǒng)熱擴散
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20
附錄A（規(guī)范性）試驗順序
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22
附錄B（規(guī)范性）電池?zé)崾Э卦囼灣绦?/p>
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23
B.1
試驗對象
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23
B.2
試驗方法
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23
附錄C（資料性）激光照射擴散試驗程序（見9.7）
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25
C.1
通則
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25
C.2
試驗條件
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25
附錄D（資料性）用激光以外的方法進行擴散試驗的程序
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27
D.1
概述
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27
D.2
試驗條件
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27
D.3
啟動熱失控的方法
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27
D.4
內(nèi)部加熱擴散試驗程序示例
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27
參考文獻(xiàn)
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31
Ⅱ
GB44240—2024
前言
本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)
定起草。
請注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識別專利的責(zé)任。
本文件由中華人民共和國工業(yè)和信息化部提出并歸口。
Ⅲ
GB44240—2024
引言
本文件僅考慮鋰蓄電池和電池組最基本的安全要求以提供對人身和財產(chǎn)安全的保護，而不涉及性能
和功能特性。
隨著技術(shù)和工藝的進一步發(fā)展，必然會要求進一步修訂本文件。
在本文件范圍內(nèi)鋰蓄電池和電池組導(dǎo)致的危險是指：
—漏液，可能會直接對人體構(gòu)成化學(xué)腐蝕危害，或?qū)е码姵毓╇姷碾娮釉O(shè)備內(nèi)部絕緣失效間接造
成電擊、著火等危險；
—起火，直接燒傷人體，或?qū)﹄姵毓╇姷碾娮釉O(shè)備造成著火危險；
—爆炸，直接危害人體，或損毀設(shè)備；
—過熱，直接對人體引起灼傷，或?qū)е陆^緣等級下降和安全元器件性能降低，或引燃可燃液體；
—電擊，由于電流流過人體而引起的傷害，例如燒傷、肌肉痙攣、心室纖維性顫動等。
對于輸出電壓超過安全電壓限值（直流60V）的電池組，可能直接會引發(fā)電擊危險。而對于通過逆
變后能產(chǎn)生超過安全電壓限值（直流60V或者交流峰值42.4V）的電池組，也同樣可能會引發(fā)電擊
危險。
在確定鋰蓄電池或電池組采用何種設(shè)計方案時的優(yōu)先次序：
—首先，如有可能，優(yōu)先選擇安全性高的材料；
—其次，如果無法實行以上原則，則需設(shè)計保護裝置，減少或消除危險發(fā)生的可能性，如增加保
護裝置等；
—最后，不能徹底避免的殘留危險采用標(biāo)識和說明。
上述原則不能代替本文件的詳細(xì)要求，僅為讓設(shè)計者了解這些要求所依據(jù)的原則。
鋰蓄電池和電池組的安全性與其材料選擇、設(shè)計、生產(chǎn)工藝、運輸及使用條件有關(guān)。其中使用條件
包含了正常使用條件、可合理預(yù)見的誤使用、濫用及故障條件，還包括影響其安全的環(huán)境條件諸如溫
度、海拔等因素。
鋰蓄電池和電池組的安全要求覆蓋上述所有因素對人員引起的危險。人員是指維修人員和使用
人員。
維修人員是指電子設(shè)備及其電池的維修人員，維修人員在有明顯危險時能運用專業(yè)技能避免可能的
傷害。但是，需對維修人員就意外危險進行防護，例如用標(biāo)識或警示說明以提醒維修人員有殘留的
危險。
使用人員是指除維修人員以外的所有人員。安全保護要求是假定使用人員未經(jīng)過如何識別危險的培
訓(xùn)，但不會故意制造危險狀況而提出的。
Ⅳ
GB44240—2024
電能存儲系統(tǒng)用鋰蓄電池和電池組
安全要求
1范圍
本文件規(guī)定了應(yīng)用于電能存儲系統(tǒng)用鋰蓄電池和電池組的安全要求，描述了相應(yīng)試驗方法。
本文件適用于電能存儲系統(tǒng)用鋰蓄電池和電池組（以下簡稱為電池和電池組）。其中電能存儲系
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