【2024年一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬卷】第一模擬（新高考I卷）（解析版）

第一模擬（仿新高考I卷）2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬卷（解析版）注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚,將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫,字體工整、筆跡清楚。3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5.保持卡面清潔,不要折疊,不要弄破、弄皺,不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.（2023秋·江蘇揚(yáng)州·高三校聯(lián)考期末）Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A．Closethewindow.B．Buyanewsweater.C．Putonmoreclothes.【答案】C【原文】W:Wouldyoupleaseclosethewindow?Ifeelabitcold.M:Oh,I’msorry,butmaybeyoushouldputonyoursweater.Weneedsomefreshair.2．（2023·河北衡水·河北衡水中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Howmuchwillthewomanpaytorentthecar?A．200dollars. B．210dollars. C．240dollars.【答案】C【原文】M:WelcometoCarsRentalCompany.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:Ineedtorentacarforeightdays.Whatareyourrates?M:30dollarsaday.3．（2023·河北衡水·河北衡水中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?A．Asouvenir. B．Aplace. C．Apieceofcloth.【答案】A【原文】M:Wheredidyougetthis?It’sbeautiful.W:Oh,I’vebeentosomanyplaces;Ialmostcan’trememberwherethat’sfrom.Judgingfromthecolorofthecloth,thatmustbeasouvenirIboughtinSouthAmerica.4．（2023·河北衡水·河北衡水中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?A．Chargeherphone. B．Leavethehouse. C．Callhermother.【答案】C【原文】W:Uh-oh.Ithinkmycellphoneisabouttodie.M:Don’tworry,Ichargedminebeforeweleftthehouse.W:Thankgoodness.Idon’twantmymothertoworry!She’salreadycalledthreetimes.5．（2023·全國(guó)·統(tǒng)考高考真題）Whydoesthemanapologize?A．Fortheterriblefood.B．Fortheovercharge.C．Forthewaiter’srudeness.【答案】B【原文】M:Sorry,Miss.Wemadeaterriblemistakeaddingupthebill.Hereisthetendollarswehavetoreturntoyou.W:Oh,Ididn’tnoticethat.It’sOK.Don’tblamethewaiter.He’sbeenreallynice.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你將時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的做答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。（2023·湖北黃岡·黃岡中學(xué)?？级＃┞牭?段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Motherandson. B．Friends. C．Strangers.7．Whydidbakersputanextrapieceofbreadinabaginthepast?A．Theywereafraidtobepunishedforgivingtoolittle.B．Theywantedtomakethecustomershappy.C．Therewasmorespaceinthebag.【答案】6．B7．A【原文】W:Howmanyeggscomeinadozen?M:Adozenis12.W:Really?Ithoughtitwas13butthinkingaboutitnow,itwouldn’tmakesensefortheboxtohaveanunevennumberofspaces.M:Thereissomethingcalledabaker’sdozen.Alongtimeago,givingasmalleramountofbreadthanapersonpaidforwasillegal.Sothenbakersbegantoputoneextrapieceintheirbagssotheywouldnotbefined.W:Wow!Thatisinteresting!Howdoyouknowsomuchaboutoldbakers?M:Mymotherownedabakery.Shemadebreadallthetime!Itwassodelicious.W:Thatdoessounddelicious.Doyouknowhowtobakebread?M:No,IwishIhadlearnedproperly.Mymothertriedtoshowmeonce,butIwastooyoungtounderstand.（2023·福建泉州·福建省德化第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考一模）聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8．Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthedancecompetition?A．Excited. B．Nervous. C．Confident.9．Whatisthewomanlookingforwardtomost?A．Dancinginfrontofmanypeople.B．Watchinggooddancersonstage.C．Makingsomegoodnewfriends.【答案】8．A9．C【原文】W:Haveyouheardaboutthedancecompetitionmyclassisgoinginfor,UncleSam?M:Yes,yourmomsaidyouwerereallyexcitedaboutit.Aren’tyoujustabitnervousaboutdancinginfrontofsomanypeople,though?W:No.There’llbelotsofreallygooddancers.Ourteachersayswe’lllearnlotsjustbywatchingthemonstage.M:Iexpectyou’llmakesomegoodnewfriendsthere.W:Mm.That’swhatI’mlookingforwardtomostofall.（2023·全國(guó)·統(tǒng)考高考真題）聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。10．WhatdidClaradoattheweekend?A．Sheplantedvegetables.B．Shewenttoayardsale.C．Shevisitedhergrandpa.11．WhatdidMarkfindinsideoneofthebookshebought?A．Aplaneticket. B．Afamilyphoto. C．Apostcard.12．WheredoesMarklive?A．LosAngeles. B．Chicago. C．Philadelphia.13．WhatistherelationshipbetweenMarkandAshley?A．Brotherandsister. B．Husbandandwife. C．Fatheranddaughter.【答案】10．C11．A12．C13．A【原文】W:Morning,Mark.M:Morning,Clara.Howwasyourweekend?W:Great.Iwenttomygrandpa’s.Heinvitedustopickvegetablesonhisfarm.Mydaughterhadagreattimethere.Whataboutyou?M:Oh,Ihadatrulyincredibleexperience.IdroppedbyayardsaleonSaturdayandgotseveralbooks.W:Novels?M:Anovelandtwopoetrycollections.AsIleafedthroughthenovel,apieceofpaperfellout.Itwasanairticketfrom2012.TheflightwasfromLosAngelestoChicagoandthenameontheticketwasAshleyLouis.W:Wasit?M:Yes.Ashley,mysister.In2012,shelivedinLosAngelesandherhusbandworkedinChicago.Bothofthemoftenflewbetweentwocities.Iaskedthesellerwherehegotthebook.Hesaiditwasboughtatasecond-handbookstoreinLosAngelesthreeyearsago.Lastyear,heandhisfamilymovedfromLosAngelestoPhiladelphia.W:So,allthewayacrossthecountry,yoursister’soldbooklandedinyourhands.That’sreallycrazy.（2023春·湖南·高三湖南師大附中?？茧A段練習(xí)）聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Whydidn’tSallyattendtheparty?A．Herfamilymemberwasunwell.B．Sheforgotthetimeoftheparty.C．Shehadaheadachelastnight.15．HowlongdidDavidstayattheparty?A．2hours. B．3hours. C．4hours.16．WhatimpressedDavidmostattheparty?A．Dancingandsinging. B．Cheerfulatmosphere. C．Snacksanddrinks.17．Whereprobablywasthepartyheld?A．Inacocktailbar. B．Atafriend’shouse. C．Inadessertshop.【答案】14．A15．C16．C17．B【原文】M:Hi,Sally.Didyougotothepartyyesterday?W:No,Ididnot.Itookmygrandfathertoahospitalforhisheadache.Didyouenjoyyourselfthere?M:Uh,itwasreallyawonderfulpartywithcheerfulatmosphere.TheJacksonfamilyweresofriendlyandgenerous!W:Really?Comeon,David,tellmemore.M:Igotthereat7:00p.m.andthepartyendedat10:00p.m.withfulljoyofchatting,dancingandsinging,andIevenstayedforonemorehourdrinkingandchattingwithMr.Jackson.W:Itsoundsgreat!M:Absolutely!Allthingsweresoincredible,especiallythesnacksanddrinkswhichgavemethedeepestimpression,asyouknow,Iamadessertlover.Theblueberrycake,thecherrypieandthechocolateweresodelicious.W:Ah,howIwishIhadbeenthereaswell!But,whatkeptyouaftertheparty?M:Thecocktails!TheywerethebestIhadevertriedbeforethankstothebartendertheyhired,andIcouldn’tresist.Mr.Jacksoneveninvitedmetostayforthenightintheirguestroom,butIhadmybrotherpickmeup.（2023·湖南長(zhǎng)沙·湖南師大附中?？家荒＃┞牭?0段材料，回答第18至20題。18．Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutherself?A．Sheisverypatient. B．Sheisinpoorhealth. C．Sheisabitindependent.19．Whydidthespeakersetuptheorganization?A．Toproducemasks. B．Tomakemoreprofits. C．Toofferpeoplejobs.20．Whatdoesthespeakermeanattheendofthetalk?A．Sheisreadytohelpothers. B．Shewantsmorevolunteers. C．Shehasenoughmasksnow.【答案】18．B19．A20．B【原文】W:MynameisAmandaBrown,thefounderofthenon-profitorganizationSewingMouthMasks.SomepeoplemayaskmehowIstartedtheorganization.Well,Iamapatientwithlungproblems.Ihavedependedoncaregiversforyears.Recently,oneofthemtoldmeshehadpaid10dollarsforamasktoprotectherselffromtheflu.NotuntilthendidIrealizethesevereshortageofmasks.Thatgavemeanidea.Icoulddosomethingforthosewhooncehelpedme—mydoctor,myfriends.Ihopetheycouldprotectthemselvesbetter.Asawomangoodatsewing,Icameupwiththeideaofsewingmasksformydoctorandcaregivers.Quitebeyondmyexpectations,aweeklater,whatstartedasaone-personoperationhasgrownintoasmallarmyofat-homevolunteermaskmakers.IcreatedawebpagecalledSewingMouthMasks.Forthefirsttwodays,3,000membersregistered.Soon,thatnumberroseto5,300.Therefore,Iestablishedtheorganizationnamedafterthewebpageandwevolunteeredtomakemasksforthosewhoneedthem.Now,wehaveplentyofvolunteers.Butit’sstillfarfromenoughtorelievetheshortageofmasks.Westillneedmanymorehands.Anyonewhowantstohelpiswelcome,evenifyoucanonlymakeoneaday.Comeon,joinusandmakeyourcontributions.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2023·廣東·華南師大附中?？既＃㏕hebestliteraryfestivals2023acrosstheUKtobooknowKiteFestival9-11JuneNewlastyear,thisliteraryfestivalheldinthegroundsofspectacularstatelyhomeKirtlingtonParkinOxfordshireisthefirstofitskind,combiningmusicandbreakthroughideastocreateauniqueprogrammefeaturingliveperformancesandinteractivediscussions.OvertheKiteFestivalweekend,you’llfindaward-winningauthorssharingtheirinsightsoncraftingstoriesandelectronicpoplegendsheadliningontheSaturdaynight.Primadonna28-30JulyHeldattheMuseumofEastAnglianLifeinSuffolk,Primadonnapridesitselfoncreatingaspaceforworksbywomenandthosewhosevoicesmightnototherwisebeheard.Thereareinsightfulworkshopscoveringeverything,includingsessionsonhowtogetyourfootinthedoorofthepublishingworld.Thefamily-friendlyeventalsohasplentytokeepkidsoccupied,fromcraftactivitiestoentertainingtalksfrombig-namewriters.Queen’sParkBookFestival2-3SeptemberQueen’sParkBookFestivalistheonlyoneinthecapitaltobeheldinapublicpark,makingitalow-keyaffairthatfeelsmorelikeagardenpartythanafull-blownfestival.Alongsidewriters’discussionsontheirlatestworks,you’llfindperformancepoetryeventshostedbyhip-hopversemaestroPoetcuriousandnightlypartiesoncethesunsets.HenleyLiteraryFestival30September-8OctoberHenleyishometoanimpressiveliteraryfestival,whichtakesplacesoveraweekinOctoberatvariousvenuesthroughoutthetown,includingthegrandriversideprivatemembers’clubPhyllisCourtandthehistorictownhall.Alongsidemaineventsfeaturingfamouswriters,there’salsoahugelypopularchildren’sfestival,wherelittlebookwormsgetthechancetocomeface-to-facewiththeirfavouriteauthors.21．Whichfestivalpromotesless-readwriters?A．KiteFestival. B．Primadonna.C．Queen’sParkBookFestival. D．HenleyLiteraryFestival.22．Wherecanvisitorsenjoyperformances?A．KiteFestival&Primadonna.B．Primadonna&HenleyLiteraryFestival.C．KiteFestival&Queen’sParkBookFestival.D．Queen’sParkBookFestival&HenleyLiteraryFestival.23．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tointroduceaspecialbookfestival.B．Topromotelocalactivitiesforfamilies.C．Toinformreadersofsomeliteraryevents.D．Toprovideintroductionsaboutfamousauthors.【答案】21．B22．C23．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是2023年英國(guó)最好的文學(xué)節(jié)的相關(guān)信息。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Primadonna部分的“HeldattheMuseumofEastAnglianLifeinSuffolk,Primadonnapridesitselfoncreatingaspaceforworksbywomenandthosewhosevoicesmightnototherwisebeheard.(Primadonna在Suffolk的MuseumofEastAnglianLife舉辦，它為自己創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)空間，展示女性和那些原本可能聽不到他們聲音的人的作品。)”可知，Primadonna會(huì)推廣被較少閱讀的作家，故選B。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)KiteFestival部分的“Newlastyear,thisliteraryfestivalheldinthegroundsofspectacularstatelyhomeKirtlingtonParkinOxfordshireisthefirstofitskind,combiningmusicandbreakthroughideastocreateauniqueprogrammefeaturingliveperformancesandinteractivediscussions.(去年，這個(gè)文學(xué)節(jié)在牛津郡壯觀的富麗堂皇的柯特靈頓公園舉行，這是第一個(gè)這樣的文學(xué)節(jié)，將音樂(lè)和突破性的想法結(jié)合起來(lái)，創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的節(jié)目，包括現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演和互動(dòng)討論。)”和Queen’sParkBookFestival部分的“Alongsidewriters’discussionsontheirlatestworks,you’llfindperformancepoetryeventshostedbyhip-hopversemaestroPoetcuriousandnightlypartiesoncethesunsets.(除了作家們對(duì)他們最新作品的討論，你還會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)嘻哈詩(shī)歌大師Poetcurious舉辦的表演詩(shī)歌活動(dòng)和日落后的夜間派對(duì)。)”可知，游客在KiteFestival和Queen’sParkBookFestival中可以欣賞表演。故選C。23．推理判斷題。根據(jù)標(biāo)題“Thebestliteraryfestivals2023acrosstheUKtobooknow(2023年英國(guó)最好的文學(xué)節(jié)現(xiàn)在開始預(yù)訂)”可知，本文主要介紹的是2023年英國(guó)最好的文學(xué)節(jié)的相關(guān)信息，因此目的是告知讀者一些文學(xué)事件。故選C。B（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中學(xué)?？既＃㊣was68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastandupcomedianin2003.I’dneversetfootinacomedyclubbefore.I’vealwaysbeenaperformer-I’veworkedasasinger,actorandmusician-butallthatcametoanendafter9/11.IliveinNewYork,andwewatchedthetwintowersfallfrommyapartmentbuilding.Forayearafterwards,nobodywantedtogooutorbeentertained.ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutcomedy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittletrainingIcoulddoit.Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine,andfinallypluckedupthecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.Ihadnoideawhattheaudiencewouldmakeofme.InNewYork,comediansaretypicallyyoungmenwithbeards.It’shardenoughtobreakthroughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother.AsIsteppedonstagethatfirsttime,peoplelaughednervously.Theywereclearlysurprisedtoseeme.Iintroducedmyself,statedmyageandtriedmyfirstjoke.Therewassilence.ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing,Iwasaddicted.Nowmysetsdiffer.Imightbeonstagefor10minutesinfrontofadozenpeople,ormyone-womanshowisafullhourinfrontofacrowdof100.Eventoday,I’mnervousbeforeIstepout.Myfirstlineis,“Hello,everybody.I’m88andthree-quartersyearsold.I’mtellingyouthatincaseIdon’tmakeitallthewaythroughtheshow.”ThenpeoplelaughandIrelax.Afterashow,peopleyoungandoldcomeuptome,sayingwhataninspirationIam.Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasmewhentheyreachmyage.I’mpleasedIcanshowthatasanolderpersonyoudon’tneedtotakeabackseatinlife.I’venointentionofstoppingcomedy.I’mtakingallthesepills,tryingtostayalive,andIhopetostillbeperformingwhenI’m100.Mygoalistostillbeuptheremakingpeoplelaugh.It’shardwork,butitstopsmebeingbored.I’donlybeplayinggolfotherwise24．Whatmadethewritertakeupcomedy?A．Shewantedtoovercomeherfears B．Shewantedtobrightenothers’livesC．Shewasunwillingtoquitperforming D．Shewantedtoworkoutaroutine25．WhydoesthewritermentionyoungmenwithbeardsinParagraph3?A．ToshowthechallengeshewasfacingB．ToexplainherattractiontothejobC．ToillustrateherspecialadvantageD．Todescribehernewfriendsincomedy26．Howhasthewritermadeprogresssinceherfirstperformance?A．ShenowperformsbeforelargeraudiencesB．ShenolongerfeelsnervousbeforeperformancesC．SheremainsonthestageforalongertimeD．Shehaslearnedtomakeajokeofherage27．Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldthewriteragreewith?A．AgeisjustanumberB．AdvancingyearsbringgreaterwisdomC．OldagemeansachancetositbackD．Beingelderlymeansyouhavetoslowdown【答案】24．B25．A26．D27．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者高齡從事喜劇表演給人們帶去歡樂(lè)并激勵(lì)其他人的故事。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutcomedy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittletrainingIcoulddoit.(就在那時(shí)，我開始思考喜劇。我意識(shí)到人們需要笑，需要重新享受生活，我想只要稍加訓(xùn)練，我就能做到)”可知，作者從事喜劇是因?yàn)樗胱屓藗兊纳羁鞓?lè)起來(lái)，重新享受生活。故選B。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“InNewYork,comediansaretypicallyyoungmenwithbeards.It’shardenoughtobreakthroughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother.(在紐約，喜劇演員通常是留胡子的年輕人。作為一個(gè)女人，想要突破已經(jīng)很困難了，對(duì)于一個(gè)年紀(jì)大到已經(jīng)是他們祖母的人來(lái)說(shuō)，就更難了)”推知，作者提到留胡子的年輕人是為了表明她所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)——性別和年齡。故選A。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Eventoday,I’mnervousbeforeIstepout.Myfirstlineis,“Hello,everybody.I’m88andthree-quartersyearsold.I’mtellingyouthatincaseIdon’tmakeitallthewaythroughtheshow.”ThenpeoplelaughandIrelax.(直到今天，我出門前還是很緊張。我的第一句話是：“大家好。我88又四分之三歲了。我告訴你這些是為了以防我沒(méi)能撐到最后?！比缓笕藗冃α耍乙卜潘闪?”可知，作者自第一次表演后嘗試用調(diào)侃自己的年齡做開場(chǎng)，這樣自己和聽眾都很放松。故選D。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasmewhentheyreachmyage.I’mpleasedIcanshowthatasanolderpersonyoudon’tneedtotakeabackseatinlife.(他們說(shuō)，當(dāng)他們到了我這個(gè)年紀(jì)時(shí)，他們想和我一樣活躍。我很高興我能證明，作為一個(gè)老年人，你不需要在生活中退居二線)”和最后一段的“I’venointentionofstoppingcomedy.I’mtakingallthesepills,tryingtostayalive,andIhopetostillbeperformingwhenI’m100.(我無(wú)意停止演喜劇。我吃了這么多藥，努力活下去，我希望我100歲的時(shí)候還能繼續(xù)表演)”推知，作者認(rèn)為年齡只是一個(gè)數(shù)字而已，無(wú)論到了哪個(gè)年齡階段，我們都可以做自己喜歡且有意義的事情。故選A。C（2023·全國(guó)·統(tǒng)考高考真題）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.28．Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation. B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D．ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.29．Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A．thecrowdswererelativelysmall B．therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC．individualsdidnotcommunicate D．estimateswerenotfullyindependent30．Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A．Thesizeofthegroups. B．Thedominantmembers.C．Thediscussionprocess. D．Theindividualestimates.31．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A．Unclear. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.【答案】28．B29．D30．C31．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。沒(méi)有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在某些情況下大量獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均值可能是相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的。28．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.(這種效應(yīng)利用了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即當(dāng)人們犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，這些錯(cuò)誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會(huì)高估，或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時(shí)，它們會(huì)相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，那么他們的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯(cuò)誤變得相關(guān)或依賴，估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性就會(huì)下降)”可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯(cuò)誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)，討論了獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均如何由于誤差的消除而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.(從更專業(yè)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的)”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.(這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一步劃分為允許進(jìn)行討論的小組時(shí)，這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨(dú)立個(gè)體的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。例如，從四個(gè)五人討論組的估計(jì)中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個(gè)獨(dú)立個(gè)體獲得的平均值更準(zhǔn)確)”可知，人們?cè)跊](méi)有獨(dú)立的情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準(zhǔn)確的，說(shuō)明即使在估計(jì)數(shù)字并非完全獨(dú)立的情況下，準(zhǔn)確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?(在一項(xiàng)針對(duì)100名大學(xué)生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中的實(shí)際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對(duì)自己的估計(jì)最有信心的人？他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎)”可知，在后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中實(shí)際做了什么。結(jié)合兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的重點(diǎn)是小組內(nèi)的討論過(guò)程。故選C。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.(盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的)”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。D（2023春·湖南·高三湖南師大附中?？茧A段練習(xí)）ChatGPTisanewAIsystemthatsoundssohumaninconversationsthatitcouldhostitsownradioprograms.Readingbetweenitsinstantlygenerated,perfectlygrammaticallines,peopleseedifferentvisionsofthefuture.Withoutdoubt,ChatGPTisimpressive.SomecomparetheemergenceofChatGPTtotheimpactoftheiPhone,butthatdoesn’tdoitjustice.ChatGPT,aswellasthegenerativeAIthatwillfollowandoutsmartit,ismoredisruptive.Andyet,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheendoftheworldisuponus.Onthecontrary,ChatGPT,Iwouldargue,mightservetomakeusmoreawareofourirreplaceablehumanqualities.Takethecreativeact,writinginparticular,asanexample.Ifyouwantitto,theAI-poweredchatbotalwaysproducessomethingbecauseithasthewholeworldofonlinedatatodrawfrom.Butunlikeus,itlackstheconsciousness.Thinkingishard,criticalthinkingevenharder,andChatGPTisn’tgoodateither.Itjustrestateswhathasalreadybeensaid;itisonebigrecyclingmachine.ThereisanotherobviouslimitationofChatGPT.PhilosopherHarryFrankfurtonceclaimed:thedifferencebetweenabullshitter(胡說(shuō)八道的人)andaliaristhattheliarknowswhatthetruthisbutdecidestotaketheoppositedirection;abullshitter,however,hasnoregardforthetruthatall.TheAIscholarGaryMarcusappliesthisdistinctiontoChatGPT.Hebelievesthatwehavereachedacriticalpointwhen“thepriceofbullshitreacheszeroandpeoplewhowanttospreadmisinformation,eitherpoliticallyorjusttomakeaprofit,startdoingthatplentifully”.Unfortunately,ChatGPTwillreproducemisinformationfromanyofitsinputsources—itisnotanintelligentsystemthattriestobalanceorweightdifferentperspectives.Inthissense,everythingthatChatGPTwritesisbullshit.Thisiswhytheso-calledAIQiscritical.ItisactuallyanextensionandameasurementofourhumanIQ:ouroverallknowledgeofAItools,ourmasteryofclues,andourethicalawareness.ChatGPTisgoingtochangeeverythingandnothing.Creativity,imaginationandethics—thesewillallremainuniquehumandomains.ItistheAI’sverylimitationsthatwillmakeusappreciateourown.32．WhatcanwelearnaboutChatGPT?A．Ithelpsgenerateanartificialvoice.B．Itprovidesinstructionsonwritingskills.C．Itgeneratesnaturallanguageresponses.D．Itoffersaserviceforlanguagelearning.33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disruptive”inparagraph2probablymean?A．Evil.B．Reliable.C．Profitable.D．Revolutionary.34．WhydoestheauthorconsiderChatGPTasabullshitgenerator?A．Itmakesupliesconstantly.B．Itcan’ttellrightfromwrong.C．Itoftenmakesunfairjudgement.D．Italwaystakesaneutralstandpoint.35．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．ChatGPTMakesUsHumanB．ChatGPTIsCausingPanicNowC．ChatGPT:TreatItLikeaToy,NotaToolD．ChatGPT:WhyItIsBoundtoGenerateBullshit【答案】32．C33．D34．B35．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇議論文。文章論證了人類的創(chuàng)造力、想象力和道德是ChatGPT無(wú)法匹敵的，正在這些獨(dú)有的人類品質(zhì)將我們與人工智能區(qū)分開來(lái)，讓人類更加欣賞自己。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“ChatGPTisanewAIsystemthatsoundssohumaninconversationsthatitcouldhostitsownradioprograms.(hatGPT是一種新的人工智能系統(tǒng)，它在對(duì)話中聽起來(lái)非常像人類，它甚至可以主持自己的廣播節(jié)目)”可知，ChatGPT可以與人聊天，進(jìn)行非常自然的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)答。故選C項(xiàng)。33．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“SomecomparetheemergenceofChatGPTtotheimpactoftheiPhone,butthatdoesn’tdoitjustice.(有些人將ChatGPT的出現(xiàn)與iPhone的影響相提并論，但這并不公平)”可知，對(duì)于有人將ChatGPT與iPhone相提并論，作者并不贊同。結(jié)合劃線詞前“more”可推知，作者認(rèn)為ChatGPT比iPhone更具有創(chuàng)新性和顛覆性，所以劃線詞與revolutionary意思相近，意為“革命性的，顛覆性的”。故選D項(xiàng)。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Unfortunately,ChatGPTwillreproducemisinformationfromanyofitsinputsources—itisnotanintelligentsystemthattriestobalanceorweightdifferentperspectives.Inthissense,everythingthatChatGPTwritesisbullshit.(不幸的是，ChatGPT會(huì)從任何輸入源中復(fù)制錯(cuò)誤信息——它不是一個(gè)試圖平衡或權(quán)衡不同觀點(diǎn)的智能系統(tǒng)。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，ChatGPT所寫的一切都是胡扯)”可知，ChatGPT只是復(fù)制信息，不能辨別信息的真?zhèn)?，所以作者認(rèn)為它是一個(gè)胡扯生成器。故選B項(xiàng)。35．主旨大意題。通讀全文，并結(jié)合第二段中“Andyet,thatdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheendoftheworldisuponus.Onthecontrary,ChatGPT,Iwouldargue,mightservetomakeusmoreawareofourirreplaceablehumanqualities.(然而，這并不一定意味著世界末日就要來(lái)了。相反，我認(rèn)為ChatGPT可能會(huì)讓我們更多地意識(shí)到我們不可替代的人類品質(zhì))”和最后一段中“ChatGPTisgoingtochangeeverythingandnothing.Creativity,imaginationandethics—thesewillallremainuniquehumandomains.ItistheAI’sverylimitationsthatwillmakeusappreciateourown.(ChatGPT會(huì)改變一切，也不會(huì)改變什么。創(chuàng)造力、想象力和道德——這些都將是人類獨(dú)有的領(lǐng)域。正是人工智能的局限性會(huì)讓人類更加欣賞人類自己)”可知，本文論證了人類的創(chuàng)造力、想象力和道德是ChatGPT無(wú)法匹敵的，正在這些獨(dú)有的人類品質(zhì)將我們與人工智能區(qū)分開來(lái)。ChatGPT無(wú)法戰(zhàn)勝人類，相反，正是ChatGPT之類的人工智能讓我們認(rèn)識(shí)到人類的獨(dú)特，讓人類更加欣賞自己。故“ChatGPTMakesUsHuman(ChatGPT讓人性的光輝更加輝煌)”是最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2023·福建廈門·廈門一中?？家荒＃㏄eoplesaywatercanimprovehealthandmemory.Butnowsomeexpertssaythattothinkdrinkingwaterequalshealthistakingthingstoofarandthathydration(水合作用）isaboutthebalancebetweenelectrolytes(電解質(zhì))likesodiumandthewaterinyourbody.Then.howmuchwaterdoyouneedtodrink?Manysayyoushoulddrinkeight8-ounceglassesofwateraday.Notso,someexpertssay.36