（2014-2023）高考真題英語(yǔ)分項(xiàng)匯編閱讀理解新聞報(bào)道及其它（解析版）

專題16閱讀理解新聞報(bào)道及其它

2023年閱讀理解新聞報(bào)道

Passage1

【2023年全國(guó)甲卷】Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder9sSophiesWorld.Itwas

fullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeand

broughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲學(xué)）.

ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.Nothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeople

whothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou-andthentrytoexplainthem.

EricWeiner'sTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmylovefor

philosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.

Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosopher'sworkin

thecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlike

Socrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookabout

understandingphilosophy,isabookabourlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.

Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoes

sowithplentyofhumor.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,and

hebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding（解讀）theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.

TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypulls

themindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffee

orteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.Ifsworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwe

don'thavealotof.

28.Whoopenedthedoortophilosophyfortheauthor?

A.Foucault.B.EricWeiner.

C.JosteinGaarder.D.Acollegeteacher.

29.Whydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinparagraph4?

A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.

B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.

C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.

D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeiner'sbook.

30.WhatdoestheauthorlikeaboutTheSocratesExpress?

A.Itsviewsonhistoryarewell-presented.

B.Itsideascanbeappliedtodailylife.

C.Itincludescommentsfromreaders.

D.Itleavesanopenending.

31.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofWeiner?sbook?

A.Objectiveandplain.

B.Daringandambitious.

C.Seriousandhardtofollow.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

D.Humorousandstraightforward.

【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.D

【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明書評(píng)。作者在13歲時(shí)開始喜歡哲學(xué)，隨后Weiner的書TheSocratesExpress

喚起了作者對(duì)哲學(xué)的熱愛。文章通過介紹了TheSocratesExpress這本書，倡導(dǎo)讀者花時(shí)間去讀這本書。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Iwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaarder'sSophie'sWorld.It

wasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketome

andbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy（哲學(xué)）.（我13歲的時(shí)候，一個(gè)叔叔給了我一本JosteinGaarder的

《Sophie的世界》。書里面的觀點(diǎn)對(duì)我來說都很新奇，所以我整個(gè)夏天都在鉆研那本書。它對(duì)我說話，把

我?guī)胍粋€(gè)哲學(xué)的世界。）”可知，JosteinGaarder為作者打開了通往哲學(xué)的大門。故選C。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframes

eachphilosopher'sworkinthecontext（背景）ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.Theendresultisareadinwhich

welearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.

（Weiner在每一章的開頭都描述了一個(gè)城市之間火車旅行的場(chǎng)景，然后將每一位哲學(xué)家的著作框定在一個(gè)他

們能夠幫助我們做得更好的事情上。最終的結(jié)果是，我們學(xué)會(huì)了像蘇格拉底一樣思考，像梭羅一樣看，像

叔本華一樣聽，像尼采一樣沒有遺憾。）”可知，作者在第四段開頭描寫了Weiner書的內(nèi)容，接著作者通過

列舉了幾位偉大的哲學(xué)家來描寫讀完這本書后我們能從中學(xué)到的東西，由此可推知，作者列舉了幾位偉大

的哲學(xué)家是為了幫助讀者理解Weiners的書。故選D。

【10題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“This,morethanabookaboutundestandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningto

usephilosophytoimprovealife.（這不僅僅是一本關(guān)于理解哲學(xué)的書，更是一本關(guān)于學(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用哲學(xué)來改善生活

的書。）”可知，作者喜歡TheSocratesExpress這本書，是因?yàn)樗乃枷肟梢詰?yīng)用到日常生活中。故選B。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。木艮據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Hemakesphilosopicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequality

ofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumor.（他使哲學(xué)思想成為一種有吸引力的練習(xí)，可以提高我

們經(jīng)驗(yàn)的質(zhì)量，而且他在做這件事的時(shí)候充滿了幽默感可知,Weiners的書很幽默，根據(jù)最后一段中“The

SocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemin

deeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.（TheSocratesExpress是一本有趣而尖銳的書，它以其表面上的

簡(jiǎn)單吸引著讀者，并逐漸將他們拉進(jìn)對(duì)欲望、孤獨(dú)和衰老的深層思考中。）”可知，Weiners的書簡(jiǎn)單易懂，

由此可知，Weiners的書既幽默又簡(jiǎn)單易懂。故選D。

2022年閱讀理解新聞報(bào)道

Passage1

[2022年全國(guó)乙卷】In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y,一Dorothy

WoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-room

schoolhouse.ThegirlshadgonetoSmithCollege.Theyworeexpensiveclothes.SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,

Colo,toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.TheirstayinElkheadisthe

subjectofNothingDaunted:TheUnexpectedEducationofTwoSocietyGirlsintheWestbyDorothyWickenden,

whoisamagazineeditorandDorothyWoodruff'sgranddaughter.

Whydidtheygothen?Well,theywantedtodosomethinguseful.Soon,however,theyrealizedwhattheyhad

undertaken.

Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,and,likethem,hadlittleprivacy,rarebaths,andablanketof

snowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.Somemornings,RosamondandDorothywouldarriveatthe

schoolhousetofindthechildrenweepingfromthecold.Inspring,thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.

InWickenden'sbook,sheexpandedonthehistoryoftheWestandalsoonfeminism,whichofcourseinfluenced

thegirls'decisiontogotoElkhead.Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentailed（牽

涉）drillingthroughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturn

toAuburn.

Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthelandandthestoicism（堅(jiān)忍）ofthepeoplemoveherto

somebeautifulwriting.HereisapictureofDorothyWoodruff,onherhorse,lookingdownfromahilltop:"Whenthe

sunslippedbehindthemountains,itshedarosyglowallaroundthem.Thenafullmoonrose.Thesnowwasmarked

onlybysmallanimals:foxes,coyotes,mice,andvaryinghares,whichturnedwhiteinthewinter.^^

4.WhydidDorothyandRosamondgototheRockyMountains?

A.Toteachinaschool.B.TostudyAmericanhistory.

C.Towriteabook.D.Todosightseeing.

5.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirlsfromparagraph3?

A.Theyenjoyedmuchrespect.B.Theyhadaroomwithabathtub.

CTheylivedwiththelocalkids.D.Theysufferedseverehardships.

6.WhichpartofWickenden^writingishair-raising?

A.TheextremeclimateofAuburn.B.ThelivingconditionsinElkhead.

C.TherailroadbuildingintheRockies.D.ThenaturalbeautyoftheWest.

7.Whatisthetext?

A.Anewsreport.B.Abookreview.C.Achildren'sstory.D.Adiaryentry.

【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇書評(píng)。本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了DorothyWickenden的書籍并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In1916,twogirlsofwealthyfamilies,bestfriendsfromAuburn,N.Y.-Dorothy

WoodruffandRosamondUnderwood-traveledtoasettlementintheRockyMountainstoteachinaone-room

schoolhouse.(1916年，來自紐約奧本市的兩個(gè)富裕家庭的女孩---DorothyWoodruff和Rosamond

Underwood-----來到落基山脈的一個(gè)定居點(diǎn),在一間只有一個(gè)房間的學(xué)校教書。”可知,Dorothy和Rosamond

去落基山脈是為了去學(xué)校里教書。故選A項(xiàng)。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Theymovedinwithalocalfamily,theHarrisons,andlikethem,hadlittleprivacy,rare

baths,andablanketofsnowontheirquiltwhentheywokeupinthemorning.（他們和——個(gè)當(dāng)?shù)丶彝?，哈里森——?/p>

一起搬進(jìn)去，和他們一樣，幾乎沒有隱私，很少洗澡，早上醒來時(shí)被子上覆蓋著一層雪。)"以及"Inspring,

thesnowwasreplacedbymudoverice.（在春天，雪被泥替代覆蓋在冰上。）”可知，女孩們的生活條件非常艱

苦，她們飽受磨難。故選D項(xiàng)。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Ahair-raisingsectionconcernsthebuildingoftherailroads,whichentaileddrilling

throughtheRockies,ofteninblindingsnowstorms.（令人毛骨悚然的一段與鐵路建設(shè)有關(guān)，這涉及到在令人眩目

的暴風(fēng)雪中鉆穿落基山脈。）”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脈的鐵路建設(shè)這一部分是令人毛骨悚

然的。故選C項(xiàng)。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ThebookendswithRosamondandDorothy'sreturntoAuburn.（這本書以

Rosamond和Dorothy回到奧本結(jié)束。）”以及最后一段“Wickendenisaverygoodstoryteller.Thesweepofthe

landandthestoicismofthepeoplemovehertosomebeautifulwriting.（Wickenden是個(gè)很好的講故事的人。大地

的遼闊和人們的堅(jiān)忍使她創(chuàng)作出了一些美麗的作品。）”可知，本文簡(jiǎn)要介紹了Wickenden的書籍內(nèi)容，并

對(duì)其進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)，所以文本是一篇書評(píng)。故選B項(xiàng)。

2020年閱讀理解新聞報(bào)道

Passage1

[2020年新課標(biāo)HI】When“RiseofthePlanetoftheApes"wasfirstshowntothepubliclastmonth,agroup

ofexcitedanimalactivistsgatheredonHollywoodBoulevard.Buttheyweren'ttheretothrowredpainton

fur-coat-wearingfilmstars.Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasign

praisingthefilmmakers:"Thanksfornotusingrealapes（猿）!”

Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（動(dòng)作捕捉）technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,

spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor5sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwith

computergraphicstocreateafinalimage（圖像）.Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.

Yet"Apes"ismoreexceptionthantherule.Infact,Hollywoodhasbeenhotonliveanimalslately.One

nonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentofanimalsinfilmedentertainment,iskeepingtabsonmore

than2,000productionsthisyear.Already,anumberoffilms,including“WaterforElephants,9,“TheHangoverPart

II"and"Zookeeper,“havedrawntheangerofactivistswhosaythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreated

properly.

Insomecases,ifsnotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;ifs

theoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmade

outsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.

24.WhydidtheanimalactivistsgatheronHollywoodBoulevard?

A.Toseefamousfilmstars.

B.Toopposewearingfurcoats.

C.Toraisemoneyforanimalprotection.

D.Toexpressthankstosomefilmmakers.

25.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?

A.Thecostofmaking"Apes.”

B.Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.

C.Thepublicityabout"Apes.”

D.Theperformanceofrealapes.

26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"keepingtabson“inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Listingcompletely.

B.Directingprofessionally.

C.Promotingsuccessfully.

D.Watchingcarefully.

27.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?

A.Theymaybebadlytreated.

B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.

C.Theycouldbetradedillegally

D.Theywouldlosepopularity.

【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了電影“猩球崛起”上個(gè)月首次與公眾見面。動(dòng)物愛好者聚集在好萊塢

前，感謝電影制作者，在電影拍攝時(shí)，沒有使用真的類人猿?，F(xiàn)在的動(dòng)物拍攝使用的是數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造

技術(shù)，而一些電影的拍攝卻存在著虐地動(dòng)物的現(xiàn)象，這讓一個(gè)非盈利的組織密切關(guān)注此事。但有些拍攝也

是不能夠被監(jiān)測(cè)到的。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Instead,oneactivist,dressedinafull-bodymonkeysuit,hadarrivedwithasign

praisingthefilmmakers:4'Thanksfornotusingrealapes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活動(dòng)人士來到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，

手里拿著一塊牌子，稱贊電影制作人:“感謝你們不用真正的猿猴。所以動(dòng)物保護(hù)者聚集在好萊塢大道是為了

向電影制作者表示感謝。故選D項(xiàng)。

25.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段"Thecreativeteambehind"Apes"usedmotion-capture（動(dòng)作捕捉）technologyto

createdigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatIrecordsanactor9sperformance

andlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage（圖像）可知，"人猿”背后的創(chuàng)作團(tuán)隊(duì)利用動(dòng)

作捕捉技術(shù)創(chuàng)造數(shù)字化的動(dòng)物，在記錄演員表演的技術(shù)上，花費(fèi)數(shù)千萬(wàn)美元，然后用電腦圖形處理，以產(chǎn)

生最終的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是關(guān)于數(shù)字化人猿的創(chuàng)造。故選B項(xiàng)。

26.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段劃線前的句子“Onenonprofitorganization,whichmonitorsthetreatmentoranimals

infilmedentertainment”（一個(gè)非營(yíng)利組織，監(jiān)控動(dòng)物在電影娛樂中的待遇）以及下文Already,anumberoffilms,

including"WaterforElephants,""TheHangoverPartIInand"Zookeeper,"havedrawntheangerofactivistswho

saythecreaturesactinginthemhaven'tbeentreatedproperly.（許多電影，包括“大象的眼淚宿醉II"和“管理

員”，引起了動(dòng)物保護(hù)人士的憤怒，他們說影片中的動(dòng)物沒有遭到很好的對(duì)待。）由此可知，其中一家監(jiān)控動(dòng)

物待遇的非營(yíng)利組織，今年正密切關(guān)注著2000多部影片。由此判斷出，劃線詞的意思是“密切關(guān)注”。故選

D項(xiàng)。

27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Insomecases,ifsnotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudio

thathasactivistsworried;it'stheoffsettrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.Andthereare

questionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductions

filmedintheSates."（在某些情況下，讓活動(dòng)人士擔(dān)心的并不是電影棚里對(duì)動(dòng)物的待遇;讓人擔(dān)憂的是訓(xùn)練和

生活條件。還有一些關(guān)于在美國(guó)以外拍攝的電影的問題，這些電影有時(shí)不像在美國(guó)拍攝的電影那樣受到嚴(yán)

密的監(jiān)控。）可知，在某些情況下，讓活動(dòng)人士擔(dān)心的并不是工作室里動(dòng)物的待遇;令人擔(dān)憂的是訓(xùn)練和生活

條件。由此判斷出動(dòng)物演員可能受到虐待。故選A項(xiàng)。

Passage!

[2020年新課標(biāo)HI】Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation（孤獨(dú)），

morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.

Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthe

groundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.

Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol-oneofagrowingnumberof

multigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashing

machine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.

“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingatahouse,9,saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:"Wespoke

morewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.^^

AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,

IthinkIwould.^^

Ifshardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeen

risingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogether

hadrisenfrom325,000in200Ito419,000in2013.

Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;

manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of

25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.Thetotalnumberofallmultigenerational

householdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.

Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.

InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamilywhenthey

getmarried.

28.WhomainlyusesthegroundfloorintheVictorianhouseinBristol?

A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.

29.WhatisNick'sattitudetowardssharingthehousewithhismother-in-law?

A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.

30.Whatistheauthor'sstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?

A.Familytraditions.B.Financialreports.C.Publishedstatistics.D.Publicopinions.

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Lifestylesindifferentcountries.B.Conflictsbetweengenerations.

C.AhousingprobleminBritain.D.ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.

【解析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。短文報(bào)道了在英國(guó)，由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用，而老年人又面臨著被

孤立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起，出現(xiàn)了多世同堂的現(xiàn)象。

28.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomon

thegroundfloor.”可知，但Rita在一樓有自己的廚房、浴室、臥室和客廳。由此可知，Rita在布里斯托爾的

維多利亞式住宅中使用一樓。故選B項(xiàng)。

29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段"AndwhatdoesNickthink?”Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.

WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”可知，尼克是怎么想的?“從我的角度來看，一切都很順利。我推

薦它嗎?是的，我想我會(huì)推薦在一起居住的?！庇纱伺袛喑?，尼克對(duì)和和岳母合住房子的態(tài)度是積極的。故選

A項(xiàng)。

30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段"Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationsliving

togetherhadrisenfrom325,000in2002to419,000in2013.”官方報(bào)告顯示，三代同堂的家庭數(shù)量從2002年的

32.5萬(wàn)戶增加到2013年的41.9萬(wàn)戶。根據(jù)第七段“Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeir

parents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughtto

beabout1.8million.”可知，據(jù)說，25-34歲的年輕人中有20%和父母住在一起，而1991年這一比例為16%。

據(jù)估計(jì)，英國(guó)多代同堂的家庭總數(shù)約為180萬(wàn)。由此可知，作者關(guān)于多世同堂家庭的論述基于發(fā)布的統(tǒng)計(jì)

數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)。

31.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)第一段'Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskof

isolation（孤獨(dú)）,morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.”可知，由于年輕人負(fù)擔(dān)不起離家的費(fèi)用，而老年人

又面臨著被孤立的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，越來越多的家庭選擇住在一起。所以短文主要是關(guān)于英國(guó)生活方式的一種上升趨

勢(shì)。故選D項(xiàng)。

Passage3

【2020年新高考全國(guó)I卷（山東卷）】Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerin

Uzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattracted

tothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongthe

GhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsof

liveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,

andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorful

EnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.

InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolice

methodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬禮）followedbyastrange

drinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmiles

fromthesea.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-rounded

pictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashis

delicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.

Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.

8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?

A.Hisfriends*invitation.B.Hisinterestinthecountry.

C.Hisloveforteaching.D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph2referto?

A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.

B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.

C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.

D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.

10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBissell'sroadtripinUzbekistan?

A.Romantic.B.Eventful.C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

【解析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Bissell寫的《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國(guó)的幽靈》這本書。這本書是Bissell

在烏茲別克斯坦做志愿者后寫的，是對(duì)烏茲別克斯坦人生活的一個(gè)快速觀察。

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的"Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowrite

anarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAraSea”可知，幾年后，Bissell仍然被這個(gè)國(guó)家所吸引。他回到烏茲別

克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于咸海消失的文章。因此推斷出對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家的興趣讓Bissell先生再次返回烏茲別克斯坦。

故選B。

9.詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線句是第二段首句，that用來指代上文提的事情，因此推斷that指代第一段的內(nèi)容，根

據(jù)第一段最后一句"Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticle

aboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea（幾年后，仍然被這個(gè)國(guó)家所吸引。他回到烏茲別克斯坦寫了一篇關(guān)于

咸海消失的文章）”可知，that指代寫了一篇關(guān)于死海消失的文章這件事，故選D。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段"ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalso

itsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukhara

hegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral（葬

禮）followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesand

fishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.”可知，在烏茲別克斯坦的旅途中，MrBissell既體會(huì)到了友善和溫暖，

也看到了社會(huì)的黑暗面。在撒馬爾罕，MrBissell欣賞到了的建筑奇觀。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因?yàn)楸粦?/p>

疑進(jìn)行毒品交易，他嘗到了警察的伎倆。在費(fèi)爾干納，他參加了一個(gè)山區(qū)葬禮，然后參加了一個(gè)奇怪的酒

會(huì)。在卡拉卡爾帕克斯坦，他為沙塵暴、疾病和被困在數(shù)英里外的漁船而難過。由此可知，在旅途中，他

經(jīng)歷了很多事情。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)（充滿事件的，多事的）可以表達(dá)此意。故選B。

11.推理判斷題。文章第一段提到書的作者的烏茲別克斯坦之行，引出他寫的書，接下來三段講述了他的書

《追逐大海:迷失在中亞帝國(guó)的幽靈》的故事內(nèi)容，是烏茲別克斯坦生活的一個(gè)快速觀察。因此推斷本文的

寫作目的是介紹一本書。故選A。

Passage4

[2020年新高考全國(guó)II卷（海南卷）]InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.The

bridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000

peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthe

bridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviest

loadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway（晃動(dòng)）.Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothe

bridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.

ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealoveletterto

engineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingabout

disasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles（航天飛機(jī)）ChallengerandColumbia,andthe

sinkingoftheTitanic.

Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemupor

engineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontext

inwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowquality

materialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,with

seeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.

Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussion

oftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.

HSuccessissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.

8.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?

A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.

B.Itswayedviolentlyinastrongwind

C.Itsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehicles

D.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.

9.WhichofthefollowingisDrPetroski*sideaaccordingtoparagraph3?

A.Nodesigniswellreceivedeverywhere

B.Constructionismoreimportantthandesign.

C.Notalldisastersarecausedbyengineeringdesign

D.Improvementsonengineeringworksarenecessary.

10.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?

A.Failurecanleadtoprogress.B.Successresultsinoverconfidence

C.Failureshouldbeavoided.D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.

11.Whatisthetext?

A.AnewsreportB.Ashortstory.

C.AbookreviewD.Aresearcharticle.

【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.C

【解析】這是一篇書評(píng)。主要講述了對(duì)彼得羅斯基博士的書《原諒設(shè)計(jì)：理解失敗》的評(píng)論，工程設(shè)計(jì)可

能會(huì)因?yàn)槟承┰驇硎?，但失敗才能帶來進(jìn)步。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewas

closedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshow

up.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,

engineersnoticedsomethingterrible：theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadit

hadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出，1987年5月，金門大橋舉行了一個(gè)50

歲生日聚會(huì)。這座橋禁止機(jī)動(dòng)車通行，人們可以在橋上散步。組織者預(yù)計(jì)將有5萬(wàn)人到場(chǎng)。相反，多達(dá)80

萬(wàn)人擠滿了通往大橋的道路。當(dāng)25萬(wàn)人在橋上時(shí)，工程師們注意到了一個(gè)可怕的現(xiàn)象：路面在被要求承載

的最重荷載作用下變得平了。更糟的是，它開始晃動(dòng)。因此可以看出，金門大橋50歲生日那天，它的重量

超過了它的承受能力。故選A。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段"Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwho

thoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsider

thelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwith

lowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainand

again,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.”可矢口，雖然他承認(rèn)

工程設(shè)計(jì)可能會(huì)因?yàn)槟切┫氤龌蛟O(shè)計(jì)它們的人只是把事情弄錯(cuò)了失敗，但在這本書中，彼得羅斯基博士拓

寬了他的視野，考慮了這種失敗發(fā)生的更大背景。有時(shí)，由于一個(gè)好的設(shè)計(jì)是用不合格的低質(zhì)量材料建造

的，所以裝置會(huì)失敗。或者，一個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是

無(wú)害的改進(jìn)，直到突然間，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推測(cè)出，根據(jù)第三段，不是所有的災(zāi)難都是由工

程設(shè)計(jì)引起的是彼得羅斯基博士的想法。故選C。

【10題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知，失敗才能帶來進(jìn)步。因此可

以看出，A項(xiàng)與此相呼應(yīng)，即失敗能帶來進(jìn)步，故選A。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign：UnderstandingFailure,abookthat

isatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean（贊歌）toitsbreakdowns.”可知，這個(gè)故事是《原諒設(shè)計(jì)：理

解失敗》一書中的一個(gè)，這本書既是對(duì)工程的一封情書，也是對(duì)其崩潰的贊歌。并且后面兩段都在寫這本

書里的內(nèi)容以及評(píng)價(jià)，再根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,but

somenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoung

engineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.”可知，讀者不僅會(huì)遇到他