2025屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)必修一Unit5NelsonMandela-amodernhero學(xué)案含解析新人教版

PAGEUnit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero必備學(xué)問·盤點夯基BIBEIZHISHIPANDIANHANGJIⅠ．單詞立體巧記寫準記牢語境運用核心單詞1．__quality__n．質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)2．__beg__vi．懇求；懇求3．__stage__n．舞臺；階段；時期4．__opinion__n．看法；看法；主見5．__reward__n．酬勞；獎金vt．酬勞；獎賞6．__found__vt．建立；建設(shè)7．__attack__vt．進攻；攻擊；抨擊8．__escape__vi．&vt．逃脫；逃走；避開9．__vote__vi．&vi．投票；選舉n．投票；選票；表決10．__generous__adj．慷慨的；大方的11．__principle__n．法則；原則；原理1．Itisvery__generous__(慷慨的)ofthemtosharetheirmealwiththeirout-of-workneighbours．2．(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofricetoimprovewater__quality__(質(zhì)量)．3．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor'sworkisthehighest__reward__(回報)areadercanpaythem．4．Ifyougotothatareaaloneafterdark,youmightget__attacked__(attack)orrobbed．5．Intermsofthismatter,I'dliketolistentootherdifferent__opinions__(opinion)．6．__Founded__(found)in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates．7．Theymanaged__toescape__(escape)fromtheburningbuildingbybreakingdownthedoor．8．(2024·新高考卷)Herearesome__principles__(principle)youmustmaster．拓展單詞1．__guidance__n．指導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)→__guide__vt．指導(dǎo)2．__violence__n．暴力；暴行→__violent__adj．暴力的；猛烈的3．__cruelty__n．殘忍；殘酷→__cruel__adj．殘忍的；殘酷的4．__equal__adj．相等的；同等的→__equally__adv．同等地→__equality__n．同等5．__active__adj．主動的；活躍的→__actively__adv．主動地；活躍地→__activity__n．活動6．__devote__vt．(與to連用)獻身；用心于→__devotion__n．奉獻；獻身；忠誠→__devoted__adj．忠實的；深愛的7．__educate__vt．教化；訓(xùn)練→__educated__adj．受過教化的；有教養(yǎng)的→__education__n．教化→__educator__n．教化者8．__peaceful__adj．和平的；安靜的；安靜的→__peace__n．和平；安靜；和諧→__peacefully__adv．和平地；安靜地9．__self__n．自我；自身→__selfish__adj自私的→__selfless__adj．無私的；忘我的→__selflessly__adv．無私地；忘我地10．__legal__adj．法律的；依照法律的→__illegal__adj．(反義詞)非法的，違法的11．__unfair__adj．不公正的；不公允的→__fair__adj．公正的；公允的12．__willing__adj．樂意的；自愿的→__unwilling__adj．(反義詞)不情愿的；不樂意的1．Theoldteacher__devoted__allhislifetoeducatinghis__devoted__studentsandhewasadmiredforhis__devotion__totheeducationcause．(devote)2．Allmenareborn__equal__，soeveryonehopestobetreated__equally__because__equality__isthebasicdemand．(equal)3．Onthewhole,peoplewhoarewell__educated__canfindjobseasierthanthosewithoutagood__education__．(educate)4．AsfarasI'mconcerned,itdoesseriousharmtochildren'scharacterthattoomuch__violence__isshownontelevision．What'sworse,__violence__onTVmakespeoplebehave__violently__．(violent)5．Everyonelikestolivein__peace__，butitseemsthattheworldisalwaysnot__peaceful__．(peace)6．Please__actively__takepartinafter-class__activities__，whichwillnotonlymakeyourschoollifecolorful,butalsoimproveyourlearning．(active)聯(lián)想積累：1．以“-less”結(jié)尾的形容詞①worthless無價值的②jobless失業(yè)的；無業(yè)的③fearless大膽的；英勇的④homeless無家可歸的⑤restless不安靜的；擔(dān)憂靜的2．后綴為-ance構(gòu)成名詞①appearance外貌②performance表現(xiàn)③significance重要性④guidance指導(dǎo)3．“教化”詞匯一覽①educatev．教化；訓(xùn)練②trainv．訓(xùn)練③instructv．指導(dǎo)④drillv．訓(xùn)練；操練⑤coachv．訓(xùn)練；指導(dǎo)Ⅱ．短語語境助記寫準記牢語境運用1．__outofwork__失業(yè)2．__asamatteroffact__事實上3．__blowup__使充氣；爆炸4．__introuble__在危急、受罰、苦痛、憂慮等的境況中5．__turnto__求助于；致力于6．__loseheart__丟失志氣或信念7．__cometopower__當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺8．__setup__設(shè)立；建立9．__besentencedto__被判處……(徒刑)10．__bewillingtodosth．__情愿做某事11．__fightfor__為……而戰(zhàn)12．__inone'sopinion/view__在某人看來語境運用1．InordertoprovideaplatformforstudentstopracticespeakingEnglish,ourschoolhasdecidedto__setup__anEnglishclub．2．Whentheblackpeople__turnedto__Mandelaforhelp,hewasalwayswillingtolendthemahand．3．Wehadto__blowup__thebridgesothattheenemywouldn'tcatchupwithussoon．4．Mr．Smithbecame__outofwork__，buthedidn'ttellhisfamilyandpretendedtogotoworkeveryday．5．Realfriendscanhelpyouagreatdealwheneveryouare__introuble__．6．WhenthenewPresident__cametopower__，hestartedtoreformtospeedupthedevelopmentoftheeconomy．7．Johnson__wassentencedto__tenyearsinprisonforwhathehaddoneandhewillbe30yearsoldwhenheissetfree．Ⅲ．句式運用速記背會原句知曉考點我會仿用1．Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingourrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall．過去三十年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪了我們的權(quán)利，阻擋了我們的進步，始終到今日，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段。(1)主語是時間或地點名詞，謂語是see，find，witness等動詞，表示“經(jīng)驗或目睹了某事”。(2)where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾stage。1．(2024·新高考卷應(yīng)用文寫作)上周日我們學(xué)校舉辦了一場精彩的越野賽。__LastSundaysaw/witnessedanextraordinarycross-countryrunningrace．__2．我們到了這樣一個階段：必需實行有效措施來愛護環(huán)境。__Wehavereachedastagewhere__effectivemeasuresshouldbetakentoprotecttheenvironment．2．Onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence．只有到那個時候，我們才確定用暴力抗拒暴力。only修飾狀語放在句首，主謂部分倒裝。3．(全國卷Ⅱ書面表達)只有通過多練習(xí)剪紙，你才能駕馭這門民間藝術(shù)。Onlybypractisingpaper-cuttingmore__canyoulearnthefolkart__．3．IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup．第一次給旅行團作講解時，我的心情很不好。thefirsttime“第一次……”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。4．(湖南高考書面表達)第一次競賽失敗，我們都感到很懊喪，因為我們都全身心地為此做了充分打算。__Thefirsttimewelostthematch__，weallfeltverydepressed,becausewehadallbeendevotedtomakingfullpreparationsforit．4．However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg．可是，那個時候你要想住在約翰內(nèi)斯堡就非得要有身份證不行。thisis/wasatimewhen．．．“這是一個……的時期”5．這是一個我們中國人既有很多挑戰(zhàn)又有機遇的時期。__Thisisatimewhen__weChinesehavebothagreatmanychallengesandopportunities．INC"核心素養(yǎng)·精講層練HEXINSUYANGJINGJIANGCENGLIAN1．devotevt．獻身于；致力于eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))詞匯拓展devotedadj．深愛的；忠實的devotionn．奉獻；忠誠eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))用法歸納devote．．．to．．．把……獻給……bedevotedto．．．致力于……；用心于……＝devoteoneselfto．．．eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(W))溫馨提示含介詞to的短語：be/getused/accustomedto習(xí)慣于leadto導(dǎo)致payattentionto留意objectto反對beopposedto反對lookforwardto期望getdownto起先仔細做stickto堅持eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))層級訓(xùn)練夯基—單句語法填空。①(2024·浙江卷，書面表達)Istillrememberwhatyouhavedevotedto__improving__(improve)myoralEnglishandwrittenEnglish．②Herson,__to__whomshewasdevoted,wentabroadlastyear．③(湖南高考)Frommyfirstjobattherestaurant,Ilearnedteamworkand__devotion__(devote)．④__Devoted__(devote)tohisresearchwork,theprofessorcaredlittleaboutanyotherthings．提能—一句多譯。一心投入到教化失聰兒童，這位年輕女士很少有時間照看她自己的女兒。(devote)⑤Theyounglady__devotesherselftoteaching__thedeafchildren,soshehaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter．⑥__Devotingherselftoteaching__thedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter．(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)⑦__Devotedtoteaching__thedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter．(過去分詞短語作狀語)2．equaladj．相等的；同等的；能勝任的vt．比得上；抵得上n．同等之人或物eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))詞匯拓展equallyadv．同樣(程度)地；平均地equalityn．同等；同等eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))用法歸納beequaltosth．/doingsth．等于/勝任(做)某事equalsb．/sth．in(doing)sth．在(做)某事上比得過、敵得過某人/物withoutequal＝havenoequal無與倫比eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))層級訓(xùn)練夯基—單句語法填空。①Anymanwillbeequal__to__thetask,solongasheiscareful．Youshouldgiveitatry．②Idon'tthinkJimisequalto__transporting__(transport)thesevaluablegoods．③(2024·全國卷Ⅱ)Yourpersonalcircumstancesare__equally__(equal)important．Forexample,youmaywanttobeapilotbutcan'tbecomeonebecauseyoureyesightisnotgoodenough．提能—一句多譯。(2024·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達)盡管我年輕，但我勝任這個志愿者工作。④YoungasIam,I__amequaltothevolunteerwork__．(equal)⑤AlthoughIamyoung,I__amfitforthevolunteerwork__．(fit)⑥YoungasIam,I__amqualifiedforthevolunteerwork__．(qualified)3．escapen．&vi．逃脫；逃走；泄露vt．逃脫eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))用法歸納(1)escapefrom．．．從……逃離escapedoingsth．躲避做某事escapeone'snotice/memory逃過某人的留意/被某人遺忘(2)haveanarrowescape九死一生makeone'sescapefrom逃離；逃脫fireescape太平梯；平安梯；平安出口eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Q))巧學(xué)助記eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))層級訓(xùn)練夯基—單句語法填空。①Itissaidthathenarrowlyescaped__beingkilled__(kill)inthetrafficaccidenttheotherday．②Comparedwiththe__escaped__(escape)driver,IamproudofwhatIdid．③LastyearIhad__a__narrowescape,andIdon'twanttoriskmylifeasecondtime．夯基—熟詞生義。④Itwasowingtomyignorancethathisnameescapedme．__被遺忘__提能—補全句子/句式升級。⑤Thewomanmanagedtoescapefromthefire(逃離火災(zāi))withherbaby．Shewasextremelyterrifiedandexhausted．→Thewomanmanagedto__escapefromthefirewithherbaby，extremelyterrifiedandexhausted__．(形容詞作狀語)4．rewardn．酬勞；獎賞；回報vt．報答；嘉獎eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))詞匯拓展rewardingadj．值得的；有益的；有意義的eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))用法歸納(1)rewardsb．with．．．forsth．因為某事而用……答謝某人rewardsb．withsth．用……犒賞某人(2)asarewardfor作為回饋/答謝/獎賞inreward(for．．．)作為(對……的)報答eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))易混辨析award獎品，獎金，與prize用法相像意為“授予、頒發(fā)”，常用搭配：awardsb．sth．＝awardsth．tosb．reward酬勞、獎金或一些非金錢類的酬勞多指因?qū)Ψ降墓ぷ?、服?wù)、幫助而賜予的酬勞或獎賞，常用搭配：rewardsb．for(doing)sth．eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(Y))一言辨異MoYanwasawardedtheNobelLiteraturePrizeforwriting．Inhissparetime,hehasalwaysbeenreadytohelpyoungwriters．Howcanwerewardhiskindness?莫言被授予了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。在他的業(yè)余時間，他總是樂意幫助年輕作家。我們該如何回報他的好意呢？eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))層級訓(xùn)練夯基—單句語法填空。①(2024·北京卷)TravellingalongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingand__rewarding__(reward)experience．②(2024·全國卷Ⅲ)Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywould__berewarded__(reward)withsevendropsofwaterorjuice．提能—一句多譯。我送給他一本從上海買的書來答謝他的幫助。③IgavehimabookboughtfromShanghai__inrewardforhishelp__．(rewardn．)④__Asarewardforhishelp__，IgavehimabookwhichwasboughtfromShanghai．(rewardn．)⑤__Irewardedhimwithabook__whichIboughtfromShanghaiforhishelp．(rewardv．)5．introuble在逆境中eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展askfortrouble自尋苦惱；自討苦吃maketrouble搗亂；制造麻煩get(sb．)intotrouble(使某人)陷入逆境make/causetroubleforsb．給某人惹麻煩havetroublewithsth．做某事有困難havesome/notrouble(in)doingsth．做某事有(沒有)困難takethetroubletodosth．不辭辛苦做某事eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))層級訓(xùn)練夯基—單句語法填空。①Ifyouare__in__trouble,Mikeisalwayswillingtolendahand．②Wheneverwehavetrouble__with__ourstudies,ourteachersalwayshelpuspatiently．③(2024·天津卷)Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you'llhavenotrouble__answering__(answer)thesequestions．④Thanksforthetroubleyouhavetaken__tohelp__(help)us．夯基—單句改錯。⑤Youcan'timaginethetroubleIhadpersuadedhimtochangehismind．__persuaded→persuading__提能—單句寫作。⑥Asisknowntousall,__ifweareintrouble__，itisnotourphonesbutourfriendsthatcanreallyhelpusout．眾所周知，假如我們有困難，是摯友而不是手機可以真正地幫助我們擺脫逆境。6．turnto求助于；致力于；翻到(書的某頁)；起先從事(學(xué)習(xí)、工作)；查閱；轉(zhuǎn)向eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展(1)turnup出現(xiàn)；露面；調(diào)大turndown關(guān)?。痪芙^turnoff關(guān)掉turnin上交；歸還turnout證明是；結(jié)果是；生產(chǎn)turninto變成；進入turnover打翻；翻身；移交(2)inturn反過來，轉(zhuǎn)而；輪番taketurnstodo/doingsth．輪番做某事eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))層級訓(xùn)練夯基—寫出下列句中turnto的含義。①Ifyouturntopage40,youwillfindit．__翻到__②Followthemainroaduntilitbranchesandthenturntotheleft．__轉(zhuǎn)向__③Afterheleftuniversityhebecameateacher,butlaterturnedtojournalism．__起先從事__④(2024·新高考卷)Heturnedtotheforestdepartmentforhelpbutwastoldthatnothingwouldgrowthere．__求助于__提能—用turn的相關(guān)詞語完成句子。⑤Whenintrouble,youshould__turntoyourparents__forhelp．有麻煩的時候，你應(yīng)當(dāng)向父母求助。⑥They__taketurns__tolookaftertheirsickfatherinthehospital．他們輪番照看生病住院的父親。⑦(全國卷Ⅲ語法填空)Shehas__turneddown__severalinvitationstostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies．為了集中精力學(xué)習(xí)，她拒絕了幾次演出的邀請。⑧Don'tworry,I'msureyourmissingglasseswill__turnup__soonerorlater．別擔(dān)憂，我信任你丟失的眼鏡遲早會出現(xiàn)的。⑨Thecarskippedand__turnedover__．汽車打滑向一側(cè)翻倒了。⑩(牛津高階)Despiteourworrieseverything__turnedout__well．盡管我們都很擔(dān)憂，結(jié)果一切都順當(dāng)。?(浙江高考)Don'tletgossip__turninto__lies．不要讓謠言變成謊言。?(北京高考書面表達)Somecompromiseswereunavoidable,butthevideo__turnedout__perfect．一些妥協(xié)是不行避開的，但視頻證明是極好的。7．loseheart丟失志氣或信念eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展loseone'sheartto傾心于；愛上learn．．．byheart背誦；牢記putone'sheartinto用心于heartandsoul一心一意地strike．．．intoone'sheart使……刻骨銘心eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))層級訓(xùn)練夯基—用heart的相關(guān)短語填空。①OurPartywasfoundedin1921,sincewhenshehasbeenservingthepeople__heartandsoul__．②Aslittleboysandgirlshaveaverygoodmemory,theycan__learn__alotofEnglishwords__byheart__．③Astheoldsayinggoes,“Nothingistoohardifyou__putyourheartinto__it．”④Althoughhewasoutofwork,hedecidedtostartanewbusinessinsteadof__losingheart__．提能—單句寫作。⑤Whatevergreatchallengeswemeetinourdailylife,__weshouldn'tloseheart__．無論我們在日常生活中遇到多大的挑戰(zhàn)，我們都不應(yīng)當(dāng)失去信念。8．．．．onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence．只有到那個時候，我們才確定用暴力抗拒暴力?！皁nly＋狀語(即副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句)”位于句首時，句子要采納部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展以下幾種狀況句子要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)表否定意義的詞語，如never,hardly,little,rarely,scarcely,seldom,not,no,notonly,atnotime,undernocircumstances等位于句首時；(2)以so,neither/nor開頭的句子，表示前面所述狀況適合于另一個人或物，句子要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。so表達確定意義，neither/nor表達否定意義；(3)句型so/such．．．that．．．中的so/such．．．部分位于句首時。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))層級訓(xùn)練夯基—依據(jù)括號內(nèi)漢語提示完成句子。①Onlywhenyouridentityischecked__willyoubeallowedin__(你才能被允許進入)．②(2024·浙江卷)Onlyonspecialoccasions__wouldtheytakeitout__(他們才會把它拿出來)andletusholditinourhands．③Notonly__istheteacherhimselfinterestedinfootball__(老師本人對足球感愛好),butalsohisstudentsarebeginningtoshowinterestinit．④Ifyoudon'tgo,nor__will/shallI__(我也不去)．⑤So__manyplacesofinterestdoesBeijingoffer__(北京有這么多名勝)thatyoucan'tvisitthemallinasingleday．提能—句式升級。⑥(2024·浙江6月卷寫作)IrealizeditwasimportanttohaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglishonlywhenIwonthefirstprizeinthespokenEnglishcontest．→__OnlywhenIwonthefirstprizeinthespokenEnglishcontestdidIrealize__itwasimportanttohaveagoodcommandofspokenEnglish．(倒裝)9．IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup．第一次給旅行團作講解時，我的心情很不好。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(G))歸納拓展(1)名詞短語作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的有：eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(themoment,theminute,theinstant))＝assoonas一……就……(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(everytime每次/回……的時候,eachtime每當(dāng)……時,nexttime下次……時,anytime在任何時間,lasttime最終一次……時))(3)有時副詞也可充當(dāng)連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，它們是：instantly,immediately,directly等，都相當(dāng)于assoonas。(4)hardly/scarcely．．．when．．．以及nosooner．．．than．．．意為“一……就……”，從句常用一般過去時態(tài)，主句用過去完成時，且hardly/scarcely/nosooner位于句首時，要用部分倒裝。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(M))名師點津forthefirsttime只用作句子的狀語，不具有連詞功能，不行用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句。eq\o(\s\up0(),\s\do0(C))層級訓(xùn)練夯基—完成句子。①(浙江卷寫作)__Everytimehearrivedhome__(每次他回到家)attheendoftheday,we'dgreethimatthedoor．②(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)__ThefirsttimeIwentthere__(我第一次去那里時)，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andotheranimals．③(湖北高考)Becareful!Themachinestarts__themoment__youpressthebutton．當(dāng)心點！你一按電鈕機器就運轉(zhuǎn)。④__Nosooner__hadwearrivedatthestation__than__thetrainleft．我們剛到車站，火車就離開了。提能—一句多譯。他第一次上這位年輕老師的課時，就感愛好。⑤Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher'slesson__thefirsttime__heattendedhisclass．⑥Hebecameinterestedintheyoungteacher'slessonwhenheattendedhisclass__forthefirsttime__．INCLU"高效演練·素能提升GAOXIAOYANLIANSUNENGTISHENGⅠ．單句語法填空1．__Havingdevoted__(devote)almostallourtimetoourschoolworkinthepastthreemonths,wehavealmostnotimeforfunandplay．解析：考查非謂語動詞。邏輯主語是we,狀語表示過去的時間inthepastthreemonths，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞完成式。故填Havingdevoted。2．Thewetlandparkis__equally__(equal)attractiveinspringandautumn,fortheweatherispleasantinbothseasons．解析：考查副詞。句意：濕地公園春秋兩季同樣迷人，這兩個季節(jié)的氣候都很好。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，修飾形容詞attractive應(yīng)用副詞形式，故填equally，意為“同等地”。3．AnincreasingnumberofproductsmadeinChinaare__of__goodqualitybutmuchlessexpensivethanthosefromabroad．解析：考查介詞。句意：越來越多的國產(chǎn)貨質(zhì)量很好，價格比進口的便宜很多。beofgoodquality“質(zhì)量好的”。故填of。4．Duringthepastfewyears,thetimeandmoneyhehasdevotedto__planting__(plant)treesinthatremoteareaisnowconsideredtobeofgreatvalue．解析：考查短語動詞。句意：在過去的幾年里，他投入了很多時間和金錢在偏遠山區(qū)植樹，現(xiàn)在被認為很有意義。devote．．．to．．．“把……投入到……”中to是介詞。故填planting。5．Inthegreatfire,hewasfortunatetoescape__beingkilled__(kill)．解析：考查escape的用法。句意：在大火中，他很幸運地逃脫了死亡。escapedoingsth．“逃脫做某事”。故填beingkilled。6．It'simportanttolearntotakeapositiveattitude__to/toward(s)__lifewhenyouare__in__trouble．解析：考查固定短語。句意：當(dāng)你處于逆境時，學(xué)會對生活保持樂觀的看法是很重要的。名詞attitude后用介詞to或towards；introuble“處于逆境中”。故填to/towards；in。7．Intimewereachedastage__where__wehadmoreyoungreadersthanoldones．解析：考查stage后定語從句的關(guān)系詞。句意：最終我們到了一個新讀者比老讀者多的階段。在定語從句中缺少地點狀語。故填where。8．Becauseoftoomuchhomework,gonearethedays__when__wecanplaydayandnight．解析：考查定語從句。句意：由于太多的作業(yè)，每天玩的日子一去不復(fù)返了。定語從句中缺少時間狀語。故填when。9．ForalltheseyearsIhavebeenworkingforothers．I'mhopingI'llset__up__myownbusinesssomeday．解析：考查固定短語。句意：這些年來我始終為別人工作。我希望有一天可以開創(chuàng)自己的事業(yè)。setup“設(shè)立；創(chuàng)立”。故填up。10．__Only__whenhiswifeputphotosofherinjuriesonthewebdidheapologize．解析：考查倒裝句。助動詞提到了主語之前，所以填Only。句意：直到他的妻子將受傷的照片放在網(wǎng)上時，他才(向妻子)致歉。11．There'snoreasontobedisappointed．As__a__matteroffact,thiscouldberatheramusing．解析：考查固定短語。句意：你沒有理由悲觀。事實上，這可能會特別好玩。asamatteroffact＝infact“事實上；事實上”。故填不定冠詞a。12．(全國卷Ⅱ閱讀)Whenaleafyplantis__under__attack,itdoesn'tsitquietly．解析：考查固定短語。句意：當(dāng)一株植物受到攻擊時，它不是毫無反應(yīng)的。underattack“被攻擊”。故填under。13．Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities__where__theycangainexperienceforgrowth．解析：考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：學(xué)生們應(yīng)當(dāng)主動參加社團活動，在這些活動中他們可以獲得成長的閱歷。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句的先行詞是communityactivities，將其移到后面的定語從句中為：theycangainexperienceforgrowthincommunityactivities，由此可知關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在后面的定語從句中作地點狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)。14．(2024·新高考卷)Molaibuiltatthetopofeachsapling(幼樹)abambooplatform,__where__heplacedearthenpotswithsmallholestocollectrainwater．解析：考查定語從句。句意：Molai在每個(幼樹)樹苗頂部建立了竹平臺，在那里他放置了有小孔的陶壺以收集雨水。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處abambooplatform是先行詞，從句缺少地點狀語，要用where引導(dǎo)。15．(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)Chinahasbecomethefirstcountry__toland__(land)aspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon．解析：考查非謂語動詞?！靶驍?shù)詞＋名詞”后常用不定式作定語。故填toland。Ⅱ．單句改錯1．Littlejoycanequalitofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories．__it→that__2．HeoftenlentmeahandwhenIwasintrouble,towhichIwasgrateful．__to→for__3．Nowadaysmanyschoolchildrendevotetoomuchtimetoplaycomputergames．__play→playing__4．HecalledtoseemeforthefirsttimehecametoNanjing．__去掉for__5．Itwasgenerousforyoutohelpmecleantheroomfullofdirt．__for→of__6．Hewasinvolvedinabankrobberyandwassentencedforsixyearsinprison．__for→to__Ⅲ．單句寫作1．盡管約翰很年輕，但是他卻能勝任這項重要的工作。(equal)__Youngashewas，Johnwasequaltotheimportanttask．__2．依我之見，即使你失業(yè)也不要灰心。(loseheart;outofwork)__Inmyopinion，neverloseheartevenifyouareoutofwork．__3．1949年是中華人民共和國成立的一年。(witness)__Theyear1949witnessedthefoundingofthePeople'sRepublicofChina．__4．每次我在公園里看到這位老人時，他都在專注地看報紙。(every/eachtime)__Every/EachtimeIseetheoldmaninthepark，heisabsorbedinreadingnewspapers．__5．只有你來中國的時候才能體驗中國的飲食文化。(倒裝句)__OnlywhenyoucometoChinacanyouexperienceChinesefoodculture．__Ⅳ．語篇填空Doyouknowthe__1．former__(form)presidentofSouthAfrica，NelsonMandela？Hefoughtfortheblackpeopleandwas__2．in__prisonfornearlythirtyyears．Hehelpedblackpeoplegettheequalrightswithwhitepeople．Eliashadlittleeducation．Becausehisfamilycouldn'tafford__3．topay__(pay)theschoolfees,hehadtodropoutofschool．Thenhefoundajobinagoldmineandheworriedabout__4．whether__hewouldbeoutofwork．Itwasduringthisdifficultperiodoftime__5．that__hemetNelsonMandelaforthefirsttime,whowasa