江蘇省啟東市匯龍中學(xué)高二下學(xué)期第一次質(zhì)量檢測英語試卷

啟東市匯龍中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期第一次質(zhì)量檢測高二英語試卷注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考位號填寫在答題卡上?？荚嚂r間120分鐘，總分150分。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)位置。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交監(jiān)考老師。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthemandoing?A.Makingaconsultation.B.Rentingaguitar.C.Organizingaparty.2.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Salespersonandcustomer.B.Brotherandsister.C.Classmates.3.Howdoesthemarfeelabouttheconcert?A.Itwasterrible.B.Itwasaverage.C.Itwaspleasant.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aweekendplan.B.Anewpany.C.Ajobopportunity.5.Whydoesthewomanlooktired?A.Shewalkedalongdistance.B.Shedidtoomuchhousework.C.Sheplayedtennisafterschool.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whydidn’tthemangettheinjuredwomanoutofthecar?A.Hecouldn’topenthedoor.B.Hewasafraidofacarexplosion.C.Hedidn’twanttoworsenherwounds.7.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Ontheroad.B.Inahospital.C.Overthephone.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatdoesthemandislikeaboutthesofaatthebeginning?A.Thesize.B.Thecolor.C.Thestyle.9.Whatdoesthemansayabouttheoldsofa?A.Itisheavy.B.Itissmall.C.Itisfortable.10.Whatdothespeakersdecidetodo?A.Lookatothersofas.B.Gotoanotherstore.C.Waitforasale.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthe,manmostprobablydo?A.He’sahotelclerk.B.He’sataxidriver.C.He’satravelagent.12.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Callataxibyherself.B.Packherbagsinadvance.C.Setoffearlytocatchtheflight.13.Howlongdoesittakethewomantogetready?A.Abouthalfanhour.B.Aboutanhour.C.Aboutoneandahalfhours.聽第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.WhyisthemangoingtoMontrealnextsummer?A.Todosomebusiness.B.Toattendawedding.C.Totakeacourse.15.WhatdoweknowaboutQuebecCity?A.ItisthebiggestcityinQuebecProvince.B.ItisfarfromtheSt.LawrenceRiver.C.ItisthecapitalofQuebecProvince.16.WhatdoesthewomanmentionaboutQuebecCit/atlast?A.Theancientbuildings.B.Thecoldwinter.C.Thebeautifulriver.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A.Tointroducenewteacherstostudents.B.Toinformstudentsoftheschedulefortoday.C.Toexplainsomenewschoolfacilitiestostudents.18.Whenwillstudentshaveabreak?A.At10:30.B.At10:45.C.At11:00.19.Whowillhandoutbooksinreception?A.Rebecca.B.Stewart.C.Anna.20.Whatwillstudentsdo,intheafternoon?A.Haveawrittentest.B.Listentoalecture.C.Doaselfassessment.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AWe’regivingLondon’sLidossomelovethissummer.Whetheryou'reanoutdoorswimmingfanaticorareyettodipyourtoesintothewater,thereareplentyofoptionsforyou.Let’sdiverightin!BrockwellLidoLocatedinthecornerofBrockwellParkandsurroundedbylowlineartdecoratedwithredbrickwalls,theunheated50mpoolhasadedicatedarmyofyearroundswimmers,andqueuesoftenstretchallaroundtheblockonsummerdays.Dobookaheadifyoucan.There’salsoagymandfitnesscenteronsite,alloperatedbyFusion,withtheaddedbonusofanoutdoorsaunaavailableduringthewinterseason.HamptonPoolHamptonPooliswellknownforitsfamousmoonlightswims,takingplacelateatnightinthesummermonths.Notanightowl?Duringtheday,twooutdoorpoolsareavailable—a36monefortheadults,anda12.5mlongoneforlearnersandtoddlers.They’reheatedyearround.AswellasthemoonlightandChristmasDayswims,HamptonPooloffersotherspecialeventsincludingpicnicconcertsinthesummermonths.CharltonLidoCharltonLidohasalltheequipmentandclassesagymfanaticmightneed,butwe’reheretotalkabouttheoutdoorpool.50mlong,heated,surroundedbyasunterraceinthesummermonths,withdrinksavailabletobuyfromCoffeeCornerinJuneSeptember.Memberscantakepartinclassessuchasaquaaerobicsintheoutdoorpoolfreeofcharge.OasisSportsCentreCentralLondon’sonlyheated,outdoorpool,thisoneeswiththeaddedbonusofbeinglocatedonasunterrace.TheoutdoorpoolisjustonepartoftheOasisSportsCentre,whichalsohousesagym,indoorpoolandexercisestudios.The27.5mlongoutdoorpoolissurroundedbyapatioareaandsunbathingdeck,withtheaddedbonusofasaunanearby.Sure,viewsoftherooftopsofCoventGardenmakeitfeellikesomethingofahiddengem(寶石).1.Whichswimmingpoolissuitableforanightswimmer?A.BrockwellLido. B.HamptonPool.C.CharltonLido. D.OasisSportsCentre.2.What’sspecialaboutCharltonLido?A.Itisapoolbuiltoutdoors. B.Itissurroundedbyasunterrace.C.Ithasalargepoolfortoddlers. D.Itoffersfreetrainingsessions.3.WhatdoBrockwellLidoandOasisSportsCentrehaveinmon?A.Theyareheatedoutdoorpools.B.Theyaredecoratedwithredwalls.C.Theyhavepoolsofsimilarsize.D.Theyofferanaddedsaunaservice.【答案】1.B2.D3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了幾個不同的戶外游泳池?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HamptonPool中“HamptonPoloiswellknownforitsfamousmoonlightswims,takingplacelateatnightinthesummermonths.”（HamptonPolo以其著名的月光游泳而聞名，在夏季的深夜舉行。）可知，HamptonPool游泳池適合夜間游泳者。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CharltonLido中“Memberscantakepartinclassessuchasaquaaerobicsintheoutdoorpoolfreeofcharge.”（會員可以免費參加室外游泳池的有氧運動等課程。）可知，CharltonLido的特別之處是它提供免費的培訓(xùn)課程。故選D項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BrockwellLido中“There’salsoagymandfitnesscenteronsite,alloperatedbyFusion,withtheaddedbonusofanoutdoorsaunaavailableduringthewinterseason.”（現(xiàn)場還有一個健身房和健身中心，都是由Fusion運營的，冬季還可以享受室外桑拿。）以及OasisSportsCentre中“The27.5mlongoutdoorpoolissurroundedbyapatioareaandsunbathingdeck,withtheaddedbonusofasaunanearby.”（這個價值2750萬歐元的室外游泳池周圍有一個露臺和日光浴平臺，附近還有一個桑拿房。）可知，BrockwellLido和OasisSportsCentre的共同之處是它們提供額外的桑拿服務(wù)。故選D項。BIntheday,theviewofWuzhenisdominatedbywhitewallsandbrownwoodendoors,butthisscenechangesinthenightwhenthedifferentlightsinthewatertowncreatevariousstunningcolorsagainsttheblacksky.OfalltheshopsinWuzhen,theworkshopsellingtraditionalhandmadelanternsstandsoutthemostduringthenight.ThemanbehindtheseamazingcreationsisGuYeguang,a53yearoldcraftsmanwhowasbornintoafamilyoflanternmakersiNanjing,Jiangsuprovince.AlthoughGuhasspentnearlyhisentirelifemakinglanternshehasnevergrownwearyoftheprofession,sayingthatgettingtoteachthecrafttoyoungpeopleiswhatmotivateshimthesedays.Tocrafttheframeofthelantern,Guhastochopbamboocarefullyintolongandthinsticksbeforeusingacandletoscorchtheareasthatneedtobemanipulated.Afterbendingthesticks,Gubindstheendstogetherandwrapsthepletedframewithpaper.Allthesehavetobedonewithgreatskillsandrichexperience.ThelanternworkshopiswithoutdoubtoneofthemostpopularattractionsinWuzhen.AccordingtoGu,theworkshopwouldreceivemorethan100peopleduringitsopeninghoursfrom9amto5pmduringthepeaksummerseason.Tocraftasimpleroundlanterncosts30yuan($4.54).Themoreuniqueonescost50yuaneach.Afteralargegroupofpeopledepartstheworkshopfollowingtheirshortclassonlanternmaking,Gureturnstohisseatandcontinuesworkonanintricatedragonshapedcreation.Butbeforehecouldevenpickuphistools,asmallgirlandhermotherenterthespace.“Mummy,mummy,Iwantalantern!”thegirlexclaimsexcitedly.Guraiseshisheadandgetsbackonhisfeet.“Sure,let’sgetstartedthen,”hesays.“Letusbeginwiththisbamboostick.”Andwiththosefewwordshelightsuptheworkshop,notwithhislanternsbutthechild’scherubic(天使般的)smile.4.WhyisGustillmittedtomakinglanterns?A.Hewantstopassdownthecrafttotheyounggeneration.B.Hehastoearnenoughmoneytosupporthisfamily.C.Heregardsmakinglanternsasafamilybusiness.D.Hemastersbetterskillsthanothers.5.Fromparagraph4wecanknowmakinglanternscanbedescribedas______.A.interesting B.romantic C.significant D.demanding6.Withthesceneinthelastpart,thewritermostprobablywantstoimply______.A.thebusylifeofGuYeguangB.theeducationalskillofGuYeguangC.thepromisingfutureofhandmadelanternsD.themercialvalueofhandmadelanterns7.Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle?A.BuyinghandmadelanternsB.Lightinguppeople’slivesC.MakinglanternswithyoungpeopleD.StudyingtraditionalChineseculture【答案】4.A5.D6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了烏鎮(zhèn)一家傳統(tǒng)手工燈籠工作坊和其背后的工藝師傅顧業(yè)光。傳遞了對傳統(tǒng)工藝和文化的尊重與熱愛，同時也表達(dá)了對傳統(tǒng)技藝得以傳承的樂觀態(tài)度。4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“AlthoughGuhasspentnearlyhisentirelifemakinglanterns,hehasnevergrownwearyoftheprofession,sayingthatgettingtoteachthecrafttoyoungpeopleiswhatmotivateshimthesedays.(盡管顧幾乎一生都在制作燈籠，但他從未厭倦這項職業(yè)，他說，向年輕人傳授這門手藝是他現(xiàn)在的動力)”可知，顧還在堅持做燈籠是因為他想把手藝傳給年輕一代。故選A項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Tocrafttheframeofthelantern,Guhastochopbamboocarefullyintolongandthinsticksbeforeusingacandletoscorchtheareasthatneedtobemanipulated.Afterbendingthesticks,Gubindstheendstogetherandwrapsthepletedframewithpaper.Allthesehavetobedonewithgreatskillsandrichexperience.(為了制作燈籠的框架，顧必須小心地把竹子切成又長又細(xì)的小棍，然后用蠟燭把需要加工的地方烤焦。彎曲木棍后，顧把兩端綁在一起，用紙包裹好框架。所有這些都需要有高超的技巧和豐富的經(jīng)驗)”可知，制作燈籠需要高超的技巧，要求很高。故選D項。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Andwiththosefewwordshelightsuptheworkshop,notwithhislanternsbutthechild’scherubic(天使般的)smile.(說完這幾句話，他點亮了車間，不是他的燈籠，而是孩子的天使般的微笑)”中“helightsuptheworkshop”和“thechild’scherubic(天使般的)smile”可推知，“光明”和“天使般的微笑”寓意手工燈籠的美好前景。故選C項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，本文介紹了烏鎮(zhèn)傳統(tǒng)手工燈籠和工藝師傅顧業(yè)光，表達(dá)了對傳統(tǒng)工藝和文化的尊重與熱愛和對傳統(tǒng)技藝得以傳承的樂觀態(tài)度，結(jié)合最后一段中“Andwiththosefewwordshelightsuptheworkshop,notwithhislanternsbutthechild’scherubic(天使般的)smile.(說完這幾句話，他點亮了車間，不是他的燈籠，而是孩子的天使般的微笑)”可知，手工燈籠帶給人們快樂，照亮人們的生活。由此可知，“Lightinguppeople’slives.(照亮人們的生活)”最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B項。CAdultslivingbythemselvesmayhaveahigherriskofdyingfromcancerparedwiththosewholivewithothers,anewstudysuggests.Theresearch,publishedThursdayinthejournalCancer,foundthatamong114,772workingageadultswholivedalone,2.5%ofthemdiedofcancerduringthestudyperiod.Meanwhile,among358,876adultswholivedwithothers,1.6%,amuchsmallershare,diedofcancerinthestudy.Adultsaged18to64wereenrolledinthestudyandresearchersfoundthestrongestassociationwasinthoseaged45to64.TheresearchersfromtheAmericanCancerSocietyanalyzeddataonmorethan470,000adultsfromtheNationalHealthInterviewSurvey,takingacloselookathowmanyoftheadultslivedaloneversuswithothersandhowmanydiedofcancer.“Ourfindingsmaysuggestthatstrongersocialsupportexistinginmunitiesfromracialminoritygroupsandpeopleoflowersocioeconomicstatusmighthavealleviated(緩解)theassociationbetweenlivingaloneandcancerdeathinthisgroup,butweneedmoreresearchonreasonsforthesedifferences,”Islamisaid.paredwithadultslivingwithothers,adultslivingaloneweremorelikelytohavepoorselfreportedhealthstatus,activitylimitation,seriouspsychologicaldistress,severeobesity,smokecigarettes,orconsumealcohol,accordingtothestudy.“Moreresearchisneededtoidentifytheexactunderlyingmechanismstoexplaintheassociationbetweenlivingaloneandcancerdeath”,KathrinMilbury,associateprofessorofbehavioralscienceatTheUniversityofTexas,whowasnotinvolvedinthenewstudy,saidinanemail.“Thebiologicalmechanismsofsocialisolationarenotfullyunderstood;however,humansaresocialbeings,andbeingisolatedcreatesastateofbiologicalstressthatisharmfultoourhealth,”Milburysaid.“TheothermechanismIbelieveisrelatedtobeinginarelationshipwithothers,beyondbenefitingjustfromtheirpresence,butalsoreceivingtheircareandsupport.”8.Howdoestheauthorjustifythefindinginparagraph2?A.Byanalyzingreasons. B.Bylistingstatistics.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Bymakingments.9.WhichofthefollowingwillIslamiprobablyagreewith?A.Strongersocialsupportwillnotcausecancerdeath.B.Peopleintheir50saremorelikelytosurvivecancer.C.Influencesofsocialsupportneedtobefurtherexplored.D.Peoplefromminoritygroupshavestrongersocialsupport.10.Whichproblemisnotmentionedaboutlivingalone?A.Abusingalcohol. B.Walkinginconvenience.C.Gainingweight. D.municativedisability.11.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Scientistshaverevealedtheunderlyingmechanisms.B.Receivingothers’supporthelpsrelievesocialisolation.C.Lonelypeoplecanreceivemoresocialcareandsupport.D.Morescientistshavebeenattractedtothegreatresearch.【答案】8.B9.C10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項新的研究表明，相比于與他人同住的人，獨居的成年人死于癌癥的風(fēng)險更高?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theresearch,publishedThursdayinthejournalCancer,foundthatamong114,772workingageadultswholivedalone,2.5%ofthemdiedofcancerduringthestudyperiod.Meanwhile,among358,876adultswholivedwithothers,1.6%,amuchsmallershare,diedofcancerinthestudy.Adultsaged18to64wereenrolledinthestudyandresearchersfoundthestrongestassociationwasinthoseaged45to64.(周四發(fā)表在《癌癥》期刊上的這項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在114772名獨居的處于工作年齡的成年人中，2.5%的人在研究期間死于癌癥。與此同時，研究顯示，在358876名與他人生活在一起的成年人中，有1.6%死于癌癥，比例要小得多。18歲至64歲的成年人參加了這項研究，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，45歲至64歲的人與此最密切相關(guān)。)”可知，第二段是通過列舉具體研究數(shù)據(jù)來證明“獨居的成年人死于癌癥的風(fēng)險更高”這一結(jié)論的。故選B項。【9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Islami所說的話“Ourfindingsmaysuggestthatstrongersocialsupportexistinginmunitiesfromracialminoritygroupsandpeopleoflowersocioeconomicstatusmighthavealleviated(緩解)theassociationbetweenlivingaloneandcancerdeathinthisgroup,butweneedmoreresearchonreasonsforthesedifferences(我們的研究結(jié)果可能表明，來自少數(shù)種族群體和社會經(jīng)濟地位較低的人的社區(qū)中更強的社會支持可能緩解了該群體中獨自生活和癌癥死亡之間的聯(lián)系，但我們需要更多的研究來解釋這些差異的原因)”可知，Islami認(rèn)為需要進(jìn)行更多的研究來解釋這些差異的原因。由此可知，Islami會贊同引起這種差異的社會支持的影響需要進(jìn)一步探索的想法。故選C項。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“paredwithadultslivingwithothers,adultslivingaloneweremorelikelytohavepoorselfreportedhealthstatus,activitylimitation,seriouspsychologicaldistress,severeobesity,smokecigarettes,orconsumealcohol,accordingtothestudy.(根據(jù)這項研究，和與他人生活在一起的成年人相比，獨居的成年人更有可能自我報告健康狀況不佳、活動受限、嚴(yán)重的心理困擾、嚴(yán)重的肥胖、吸煙或飲酒。)”可知，獨居的問題包括酗酒、活動不便和肥胖，D項“交際障礙”文章未提及。故選D項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Milbury所說的話“Thebiologicalmechanismsofsocialisolationarenotfullyunderstood;however,humansaresocialbeings,andbeingisolatedcreatesastateofbiologicalstressthatisharmfultoourhealth(社會孤立的生物學(xué)機制尚不完全清楚；然而，人類是社會生物，孤立會形成一種對我們健康有害的生物壓力狀態(tài))”和“TheothermechanismIbelieveisrelatedtobeinginarelationshipwithothers,beyondbenefitingjustfromtheirpresence,butalsoreceivingtheircareandsupport.(我認(rèn)為另一種機制和與他人的關(guān)系有關(guān)，不僅從他們的存在中受益，而且還得到他們的關(guān)心和支持)”可推知，得到他人的支持有助于緩解社會孤立。故選B項。DTherainforestsarealivewiththesoundofanimals.Besidesthepleasureofthedin(喧囂),itisalsousefultoecologists.“Ifyouwanttomeasurethebiodiversityofapieceofland,listeningoutforanimalcallsismucheasierthanlookingfortracksintheundergrowth.Butsuch“bioacoustics(生物聲音的)analysis”isstilltimeconsuming,anditrequiresanexpertpairofears.InapaperpublishedonOctober17thinNaturemunications,agroupofresearchersledbyJorgMüller,anecologistattheUniversityofWürzburg,describeabetterway:haveaputerdothejob.Smartphoneappsalreadyexistthatwillidentifybirds,batsormammalssimplybylisteningtothesoundstheymake.Theirideawastoapplytheprincipletoconservationwork.Theresearcherstookrecordingsfromacross43sitesintheEcuadoreanrainforest.Somesiteswererelativelyuncultivated,oldgrowthforests.Otherswereareasthathadrecentlybeenclearedforgrazingorcacaoplanting.Andsomehadbeenclearedbutthenabandoned,allowingtheforesttoregrow.Soundrecordingsweretakenfourtimeseveryhour,overtwoweeks.Thevariouscallswereidentifiedmanuallybyanexpert,andthenusedtoconstructalistofthespeciespresent.Asexpected,thelongerthelandhadbeenfreefromagriculturalactivity,thegreaterthebiodiversityithosted.Thenitwastheputer’sturn.Theresearchersfedtheirrecordingstoartificialintelligencemodelsthathadbeentrained,usingsoundsamplesfromelsewhereinEcuador,toidentify75birdspeciesfromtheircalls.“WefoundthattheAItoolscouldidentifythesoundsaswellastheexperts,”saysDrMüller.Ofcourse,noteverythinginarainforestmakesanoise.DrMüllerandhiscolleaguesusedlighttrapstocapturenightflyinginsects,andDNAanalysistoidentifythem.Reassuringly,theyfoundthatthediversityofnoisyanimalswasareliableproxyforthediversityofthequieterones.Theresultsmayhaverelevanceoutsideecologydepartments,too.Underpressurefromtheircustomers,firmssuchasL’Oreal;amakeuppany,andShell,anoilfirm,havebeenspendingmoneyonforestrestorationprojectsaroundtheworld.DrMüllerhopesthatanautomatedapproachtocheckingontheresultscouldhelpmonitorsuchefforts,andgiveastandardisedwaytomeasurewhethertheyareworkingaswellastheirsponsorssay.12.WhatcanwelearnaboutBioacousticanalysis?A.Itmakesanimalcallsattractive. B.Itrequiresspecialskillandtime.C.Itmeasuresbiodiversityeasily. D.Itappliestomanyresearchfields.13.Whatcanbeinferredfromtheprocessoftakingrecordingsintherainforests?A.ResearcherstrainedAImodelstomimicanimalcalls.B.AItoolscanidentifybirdspeciesaswellastheexperts.C.Agriculturalactivitiesledtoadecreaseinbiodiversity.D.ResearchersusedAItoolstoconserverainforestswell.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“proxy”inparagraph5mean?A.Accelerator. B.Assumption. C.Formation. D.Indicator.15.What’sthepotentialapplicationofAIinforestrestorationprojects?A.Identifyingthesponsors. B.Evaluatingthebiodiversity.C.Monitoringtheeffectiveness. D.Establishingecologydepartments.【答案】12.B13.C14.D15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究人員發(fā)明了讓計算機來進(jìn)行動物聲音識別的工作，解釋了其工作原理以及應(yīng)用情況?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butsuch“bioacoustics(生物聲音的)analysis”isstilltimeconsuming,anditrequiresanexpertpairofears.(但是這種“生物聲學(xué)分析”仍然很耗時，而且需要一雙專家的耳朵)”可知，生物聲學(xué)分析需要特殊的技巧和時間。故選B。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Asexpected,thelongerthelandhadbeenfreefromagriculturalactivity,thegreaterthebiodiversityithosted.(正如預(yù)期的那樣，土地遠(yuǎn)離農(nóng)業(yè)活動的時間越長，它所承載的生物多樣性就越大)”可推知，從在雨林中進(jìn)行錄音的過程中可以推斷出農(nóng)業(yè)活動導(dǎo)致生物多樣性減少。故選C?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Ofcourse,noteverythinginarainforestmakesanoise.DrMüllerandhiscolleaguesusedlighttrapstocapturenightflyinginsects,andDNAanalysistoidentifythem.(當(dāng)然，不是雨林里的所有東西都會發(fā)出聲音。Müller博士和他的同事們用捕光器捕捉夜間飛行的昆蟲，并通過DNA分析來識別它們)”以及劃線詞上文“thediversityofnoisyanimalswasareliable”可知，由于不是所有的東西都會發(fā)出聲音，所以吵鬧動物的多樣性就成了安靜動物多樣性的可靠標(biāo)志。故劃線詞意思是“標(biāo)志”。故選D?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“DrMüllerhopesthatanautomatedapproachtocheckingontheresultscouldhelpmonitorsuchefforts,andgiveastandardisedwaytomeasurewhethertheyareworkingaswellastheirsponsorssay.(Müller博士希望一種自動檢查結(jié)果的方法可以幫助監(jiān)督這些努力，并提供一種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的方法來衡量它們是否像贊助者所說的那樣有效)”可知，人工智能在森林恢復(fù)項目中的潛在應(yīng)用是監(jiān)測有效性。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Havingabusinessinretirementhasnumerousadvantages.Youcangeneratetheextraine.Andasyourownboss,youwillhavetheflexibility.Also,you’llhavetheopportunitytolearnnewthingsandmeetnewpeople.___16___Herearethetips.Understandyourtargetmarket.Beforestartingyourbusiness,conductmarketresearchtoknowtheactualdemandforyourproductorservice.Thedemandforyourbusiness’sofferingscansignificantlyinfluenceitssuccess.___17___Withthisinformation,you’llbeabletotailoryourservicesandproductstosuityourcustomers’needs.Consideryourfinancialneeds.___18___Buttheyareusuallythemostchallenging.Withoutsufficientfinancialresources,yourbusinessmayhaveahardtimefindingitsfooting.Whendeterminingyourfinancialneeds,youmustberealistic.___19___Startupsusuallyhavepersonalinvestmentsbybusinessowners.Ifyouhaveadequatesavingsfromyourworkingyears,youmaywanttousethemtofundyourbusinessventure.Otherwise,youcanexploreanalternativefundingsourcelikealoan.Haveabusinessplan.Manysmallbusinessownersunderestimatetheimportanceofabusinessplan.___20___Butthisisnottrue.Althoughbusinessplanstakealongtimetodevelopandrequireasignificantamountofresearchanddata,theyareessentialforbothsmallandlargeenterprises.A.Lookatyourfundingsources.B.Findbusinesscooperationifnecessary.C.Theyfeelit’sunnecessaryandawasteoftime.D.Sohowcanyouturnthisfantasyintoasuccess?E.Youareabletoseekoutsidefundingforyourventure.F.Whenstartinganewbusiness,youmaywantenoughfunds.G.Identifyyourtargetcustomersandtheirpurchasingpreferences.【答案】16.D17.G18.F19.A20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要就如何創(chuàng)業(yè)成功提出了一些建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Havingabusinessinretirementhasnumerousadvantages.Youcangeneratetheextraine.Andasyourownboss,youwillhavetheflexibility.Also,you’llhavetheopportunitytolearnnewthingsandmeetnewpeople.(退休后創(chuàng)業(yè)有很多好處。你可以產(chǎn)生額外的收入。作為自己的老板，你會有很大的靈活性。此外，你將有機會學(xué)習(xí)新事物，結(jié)識新朋友)”以及下文“這里是一下建議”可知，本句為過渡句，承上啟下說明如何將創(chuàng)業(yè)變成現(xiàn)實，故D選項“那么你怎樣才能把這個幻想變成成功呢？”符合語境，故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Withthisinformation,you’llbeabletotailoryourservicesandproductstosuityourcustomers’needs.(有了這些信息，你就可以定制你的服務(wù)和產(chǎn)品來滿足客戶的需求)”可知，本句主要說明滿足客戶需求之前先要確定目標(biāo)客戶和偏好。故G選項“確定你的目標(biāo)客戶和他們的購買偏好”符合語境，說明的就是下文的thisinformation，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Consideryourfinancialneeds.(考慮你的財務(wù)需求)”以及后文“Buttheyareusuallythemostchallenging.Withoutsufficientfinancialresources,yourbusinessmayhaveahardtimefindingitsfooting.Whendeterminingyourfinancialneeds,youmustberealistic.(但它們通常是最具挑戰(zhàn)性的。如果沒有足夠的資金來源，你的生意可能很難站穩(wěn)腳跟。在確定你的財務(wù)需求時，你必須現(xiàn)實一點)”可知，本句主要說明創(chuàng)業(yè)需要足夠的資金。故F選項“當(dāng)你開始一項新事業(yè)時，你可能需要足夠的資金”符合語境，故選F。【19題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Startupsusuallyhavepersonalinvestmentsbybusinessowners.Ifyouhaveadequatesavingsfromyourworkingyears,youmaywanttousethemtofundyourbusinessventure.Otherwise,youcanexploreanalternativefundingsourcelikealoan.(創(chuàng)業(yè)公司通常有企業(yè)主的個人投資。如果你在工作期間有足夠的積蓄，你可能想用它們來為你的商業(yè)冒險提供樂趣。否則，您可以探索其他資金來源，如貸款)”可知，本段的主旨是查看資金來源，A選項中fundingsources對應(yīng)后文fundingsource。故A選項“看看你的資金來源”符合語境，故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Manysmallbusinessownersunderestimatetheimportanceofabusinessplan.(許多小企業(yè)主低估了商業(yè)計劃的重要性)”可知，本句承接上文說明低估商業(yè)計劃重要性的原因：覺得沒有必要，而且浪費時間。故C選項“他們覺得沒有必要，而且浪費時間”符合語境，故選C。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Agroupofbiologistsrescuedadolphin.Afteradolphinwasfound___21___aloneinacreek(灣)inFlorida,biologistsattemptedtorescueitbyformingahuman___22___toguideit.Dolphins___23___travelingroupscalleda“school”ora“pod”,althoughsolitarydolphinsarebeingmoremon.Thiscanbeareasonfor___24___becausedolphinsarenaturally___25___creatures,soiftheyareisolatedfromotherdolphinstheymayturntheirattentiontohumaninteraction.This___26___canbedangerous,bothfordolphinsandhumans.After____27____thatthedolphinhadbeenthereforafewdays,andwasneararesidentialareawitha___28___ofhumandisturbance,NOAAFisheriesServicedecidedto___29___.TwentyeightbiologistsfromNOAAandFWCcametogethertoformachain,creatingabarrierthat___30___thedolphinoutofthecreek.RescuebiologistBaldricasaid,“Thegoalwastojustbeabarrierthatwas___31___totheanimal,sowewantedtocreateaphysicalbarrieraswellasanauditory(聽覺的)barrier.Wehadsomebodybehindus___32___onaboat,andthenwesplashedthewater,spedtheengineand___33___forwardtowardstheanimal,sowegavetheanimalthe___34___toswimthroughthebridgeonitsown.”Therescuewas___35___,withthedolphinmakingitswayoutofthecreek.21.A.swimming B.screaming C.shaking D.sweeping22.A.shape B.character C.chain D.body23.A.separately B.tragically C.typically D.abruptly24.A.pleasure B.concern C.fortune D.eager25.A.admirable B.responsible C.incredible D.sociable26.A.inturn B.inreturn C.intime D.introuble27.A.browsing B.visiting C.observing D.revealing28.A.disability B.capability C.possibility D.reliability29.A.takeaction B.takeeffect C.takeoffice D.takeriot30.A.kicked B.shot C.carried D.guided31.A.novel B.faithful C.dangerous D.stable32.A.lying B.bending C.leaning D.banging33.A.climbed B.moved C.rushed D.dived34.A.sorrow B.option C.regret D.honor35.A.successful B.careful C.colorful D.fearful【答案】21.A22.C23.C24.B25.D26.A27.C28.C29.A30.D31.A32.D33.B34.B35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了生物學(xué)家們排成“人鏈”拯救了一只誤入小溪的海豚?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在佛羅里達(dá)州的一條小溪里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一只獨自游泳的海豚后，生物學(xué)家試圖通過組成一條“人鏈”引導(dǎo)它從而拯救它。A.swimming游泳；B.screaming尖叫；C.shaking搖動；D.sweeping打掃。結(jié)合主語“adolphin”以及空后的“inacreek”可知，此處指一只海豚在小溪里游。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.shape形狀；B.character性格；C.chain鏈條，一連串（人或事）；D.body身體。根據(jù)第三段中“TwentyeightbiologistsfromNOAAandFWCcametogethertoformachain”可知，生物學(xué)家組成“人鏈”來營救海豚。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：海豚通常成群結(jié)隊地旅行，稱為“學(xué)?！被颉叭壕印?，盡管孤獨的海豚變得越來越普遍。A.separately分別地；B.tragically悲慘低；C.typically通常，一般；D.abruptly突然，立刻。結(jié)合“althoughsolitarydolphinsarebeingmoremon”表達(dá)的讓步語氣可知，海豚通常是成群結(jié)隊的，盡管單個海豚越來越普遍。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這可能是一個令人擔(dān)憂的原因，因為海豚天生是社交動物，所以如果它們與其他海豚隔離，它們可能會將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向與人類的互動。A.pleasure高興，快樂；B.concern擔(dān)心，憂慮；C.fortune財富；D.eager渴望的。根據(jù)下文“This___6___canbedangerous”可知，單個海豚出現(xiàn)令人擔(dān)憂。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.admirable令人欽佩的；B.responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的；C.incredible難以置信的；D.sociable社交的。根據(jù)“soiftheyareisolatedfromotherdolphinstheymayturntheirattentiontohumaninteraction”可知，如果海豚與同類分開，它們可能會將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向與人類的互動，說明海豚是天生社交動物。故選D?！?6題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：這反過來對海豚和人類都是危險的。A.inturn反之，反過來；B.inreturn作為回報；C.intime及時；D.introuble處于困境。上文提到如果海豚和同類分開會把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向與人類的互動，此處指“這反過來對人類和海豚都是危險的”。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在觀察到這只海豚已經(jīng)在那里待了幾天，并且靠近一個可能受到人類干擾的居民區(qū)后，美國國家海洋和大氣管理局漁業(yè)服務(wù)處決定采取行動。A.browsing瀏覽，搜尋信息；B.visiting參觀，訪問；C.observing觀察；D.revealing揭示。結(jié)合“forafewdays,andwasneararesidentialareawitha___8___ofhumandisturbance”可知，此處指密切觀察海豚的動向。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義