詞性成分句子結(jié)構(gòu)導(dǎo)學(xué)案初高中英語銜接課程

英語中，詞性包括實(shí)詞和虛詞兩大類實(shí)詞包括:動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，代詞，數(shù)詞虛詞包括:介詞，連詞，冠詞。

作謂語的通常就是動詞，所以通常說謂語動詞。todo，doing，done不能單獨(dú)作謂語通常叫非謂語動詞。動詞能接賓語為及物動詞，不能接賓語的為不及物動詞。

名詞表示人或事物的名稱，常用作主語，賓語和表語。形容詞常修飾名詞作定語或位于系動詞后作表語。副詞常修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞，介賓短語及整個(gè)句子。

介詞和名詞或代詞動名詞常構(gòu)成介賓短語可以作定語,狀語,表語,補(bǔ)足語連詞連接詞與詞,短語與短語,句子與句子，分為并列連詞和從屬連詞冠詞起限定名詞的作用，不能單獨(dú)存在，是依附名詞的一種虛詞。

句子成分包括：主，謂，賓，表，定，狀，補(bǔ)，同位語。主語是句子主體,動作的執(zhí)行者發(fā)出者,一般由名詞和代詞充當(dāng)賓語表示動作的承受者,一般位于動詞和介詞后,有直接賓語和間接賓語之分，人或動物為間接賓語，物為直接賓語。動詞和名詞或代詞常構(gòu)成動賓短語，介詞和名詞，代詞，動名詞常構(gòu)成介賓短語表語用以說明主語的身份特征和狀態(tài)它一般位于系動詞后構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)常由名詞,形容詞,非謂語動詞形式,介詞短語等充當(dāng)

定語修飾限制名詞或代詞,分為前置定語和后置定語，一般由形容詞,形容詞性物主代詞,介詞短語,非謂動詞形式充當(dāng)狀語用于修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞或整個(gè)句子，在句子看到時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，原因，方式，讓步，條件，結(jié)果等要想到他們充當(dāng)狀語成分。賓補(bǔ)是補(bǔ)充說明賓語的，位于賓語后，和賓語一起構(gòu)成了復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。

句子分為簡單句，并列句，復(fù)合句。簡單句基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主謂[S+V]；主謂賓[S+V+O]；主謂賓賓[S+V+O+O]，主謂賓+賓補(bǔ)[S+V+O+OC]；主系表[S+L+P]。復(fù)合句又包括名詞性從句，狀語從句，定語從句。名詞性從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句。

謂語和賓語構(gòu)成的叫動賓關(guān)系，也可稱為被動關(guān)系。主語和謂語構(gòu)成的叫主謂關(guān)系，也可稱為主動關(guān)系?；A(chǔ)知識教材例句辨析人教版必修1WeleUnit1Ifoundmostofmyclassmatesandteachersfriendlyandhelpful.2Ididn'tfeelawkwardorfrightenedatall.3MydreamistostartmyownITpany4Thelabisnewandthelessonwasgreat5I'manactivepersonandIlovesports6IplayputergamesifI'mnotbusystudying.

Unit1TeenageLife1Goingfromjuniorhighschooltoseniorhighschoolisareallybigchallenge.2MyadviserremendedthatIshouldsignupforadvancedliteraturebecauseIlikeEnglishandI'mgoodatit.3Spendingtoomuchtimeonlineisunhealthyandmakesitverydifficulttofocusonotherthingsinlife.4Iamsurehewilllistentoyou，sinceyouarehisgoodfriend.

Unit2Travellingaround1AshortflightfromCuscotakesyoufromtheAndesintotheAmazonrainforest.2Youcanthenspendthreedaysexploringtherainforestwithalocalguideandenjoyingtheplantsandanimalsuniquetotherainforest.3EnjoythebeautifulcountrysideasyouspendadaydrivingalongthenewhighwayconnectingCuscotoLakeTiticaca.4I'veheardthatitisanamazingsight

Unit31Oneofthebestplayershadbeeninjured，andtheteamcaptainhadtoleavebecauseofheartproblems.Losingtwoimportantplayerswasabigchallenge，butLangPingdidnotloseheart.Shehadfaceddifficultiesbefore，andsheknewthatheryoungplayerscouldwiniftheyworkedtogetherasateam.2Theplayerwhobecameknownas“AirJordan”changedbasketballwithhisgracefulmovesandjumps.Jordan’sskillswereimpressive，butthementalstrengththatheshowedmadehimunique.

Unit4StrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.At3：42a.m.，everythingbegantoshake.Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfellInthatareaalone,atleast1,870peoplewerekilled.Today,theChinesewritingsystemisstillanimportantpartofChineseculture.

Unit5

Hey,everybody,whatareyourbiggestproblemswithlearningEnglish?MybiggestheadacheishowtobepoliteinEnglish.Icertainlycan’trememberhowtousethemallproperly.第一講詞類考一考：說出下列句子中畫線單詞的詞性和成分1.Thelibraryclosesat5:00p.m.2.TomandPeteraremyclosefriends.3.Myhometownisclosetoabigriver.4.Hegrowsmanybeautifulflowersinthebackgarden.5.Heaskedmetowalkbackthreesteps.6.Don'tspeaktomelikethat.7.LikehisbrotherJohn,Peterisinterestedinfinearts.8.Tomsaidthathewouldnotdothatagain.9.Keepstillwhenthedoctorisgivingyouacheckup.10.Itwasaveryunpleasantaffair.Still,wecan'tchangeit.11.Thismedicinehassomesideeffects.12.eandsitbymyside.

練一練：寫出下列句子中畫線單詞的詞性及含義1.Aprilisthetimetoplanttrees.2.Hisjobistostudythedifferencesbetweenthesetplants.3.Whenwillwereachourschool?4.Putthemedicineoutofthereachofthechildren.5.Welearnfromthepast,experiencethepresentandhopeforsuccessinthefuture.6.Doyouhaveanyexperienceofthistypeofwork?7.That'sthebestwineI'veever①tasted.It②tastessweet.Itdoesn'thaveabitter③tasteatall.8.Maybeyou're①right.Ithinkweallhavethe②righttospeakoutourplans③rightnow.9.Shedroppedthecupandit①brokeintopieces.Butdon'tworry——itnever②broketheatmosphereofjoy.Wewentonwiththepartyallnightwithouta③break.10.It'stimeto①restforawhile.We'dbetterhavea②rest.Tonightwe'llhaveenoughtimetowatchthe③restofthefilm.

第二講句子成分主語謂語考一考：指出下列句子中的主語和謂語1.①Class②beginsateight.2.①Theteachers②arehavingameeting.3.Atfiveo'clock,①they②left.4.①Putupyourhandifyou②haveanyquestions.5.①Smoking②doesharmtoyourhealth.6.There①is②apenonthedesk.7.①Who②teachesyoumaths,XiaoHua?8.①Thisstory②happenedinLondon.9.①Therich②shouldhelpthepoor.10.Thisweekend,①someofus②aregoingtohaveapicnicwiththeteachers.練一練：指出下列句子中的主語和謂語1.①He②hasbeemoreandmoreinterestedinEnglish.2.①Theliving②shouldgoonwithhiswork.3.①He②practisesspeakingEnglisheverymornin4.①Thechild②hasbeenbroughtupbyhisgrandmother.5.①Tosee②istobelieve.6.①It②isnecessary③tohelphimout.7.①He②lookedafterthechildrencarefully.8.①Fourplusfour②iseight.9.①He②canspeakEnglishverywell.10.①Playingfootballinthestreet②isdangerous.

賓語表語考一考：指出下列句子中的賓語和表語，并指出他們的詞性1.Theyvisitedanexhibitionyesterday.2.Theheavyrainprevented①mefrom②arrivingatschoolontime.3.Howmany①dictionariesdoyouhave?Ihave②five.4.Ienjoylisteningtopopmusic.5.Shelooksunhappytoday.6.Heoftenwenthungryinthepast.7.HisjobistoteachEnglish.8.Timeis①up.Theclassis②over.9.Heremainedinpoorhealthallthoseyears.10.Theseapplestastesweet.

練一練：指出下列句子中的賓語和表語1.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.2.Heseemsinterestedintheplan.3.Hehanded①me②thenewspaper.4.Thewarwasover.5.Thewindowisbroken.

定語狀語補(bǔ)語考一考：說出下列句子中畫線部分的句子成分1.Chinaisa①developingcountry,whileAmericaisa②developedcountry.2.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.3.Theboy①whoisshoutingthereis②herbrother.4.Lighttravelsmostquickly.5.Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.6.Hegoestoschoolbybus.7.①Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustwork②harder.8.Don'tleavethewindowopen.9.Iheardhimgoout.10.HisfathernamedhimDongMing.

練一練：指出下列句子中畫線部分的句子成分1.Heisalovelyboy.2.thereare①manywomenteachersin②ourschool.3.①Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst②toentertheclassroom.4.Heisplaying①there②hapily.5.Ishallgo①there②ifitdoesn'train.6.ThestoryhappenedinBeijing.7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.8.Hisinglatemadehisteacherunhappy.9.Pleasekeepthedogout.10.Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselfunderthebed.

第三講詞類與句子成分考一考：根據(jù)單詞所在的位置，判定下列畫線部分單詞的詞性、意義和成分1.①Excuseme.Idon'twanttolistentoyouanymore.Idon'tthinkit'sagood②excuseforbeinglateforschool.2.The①scoresarehardtobelieve.TeamAhas②scoredeightgoals.3.Theguide①pointedtoared②pointonthemaptoshowuswherethetombis.4.WhenIfeltsomerain①drops②droppingonmyface,Iputonmyraincoat.5.The①soundfromthechurch②soundsverybeautiful.6.Sheisa①quietgirl.Hedoeseverything②quietly.7.Iaskedoneofmy①closefriendsto②closethewindow.8.Iwouldlikeabottleof①waterto②watertheflowers.9.ShewillgotoNanjingonafast①trainto②traintheplayers.10.Let'shavea①swimwithhisbrother,who②swimsveryfast.

練一練：單句改錯(cuò)1.Getupearlyisgoodforourhealth.2.Iwantgohomenow.3.Myfavoritesportisplayfootball.4.Thereisabirdsingsinthetree.5.Theboysitsovertherelikessinging.6.Thehousewasbuiltlastyearhasbeensoldout.7.Thegirlsaresingingovertherearemyclassmates.8.Myparentswantedhimworkhard.9.Iremembersawhimthatday.10.Isawhimwalkedintothebuilding.

第四講簡單句基本句型練一練：指出下列句子中的主語、謂語和賓語1.SheteachesEnglish.2.Heenjoyslisteningtomusic.3.Theteachercorrectedherpoorpronunciationmorethanonce.4.StorytellinghasmuchstrengthinimprovingoralEnglishskills.5.HehasdecidedtoworkharderatEnglish.

練一練：指出下列句中的句式結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分【主系表】1.Hiswishistobeeascientist.2.Themotorisoutoforder.3.Theweatherisgettingquitewarm.4.Silkfeelssoftandsmooth.5.Theplansoundsperfect.6.Thebooksareonthedesk.7.Myfatherbecameateacherin1978.8.Istayedawakeallthenight.9.TheweatherstillremainedcoldinApril.10.Hisjobistakingcareofthepatient.

練一練：指出下列句子中的賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語1.Thesunkeepsuswarm.2.Thewomancaughtherhusbandreadingherdiary.3.Myfathersawherstealthemoney.4.Ipreferyoutostaywithus.5.Youmayleavethechildinmycare.6.Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspaperandbooksinthereadingrooms.7.Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.8.Shefounditdifficulttodothethework.9.TheycallmeLilysometimes.10.IsawMrWanggetonthebus.

第六講句子類型練一練：用適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞填空1.Excusemeforbreakingin,__Ihavesomenewsforyou.2.hehelpmedothecleaning____Ihelphimwithhisphysics.3.Thecarbrokedown,_wehadtofindatelephone.4.Hurryup,_you'llbelate.5.Itmusthaverainedlastnight,___thegroundiswet.6.hehasn'tanymoney___I'mgoingtolendhimsome.7.heisclever,heoftenmakesmistakes.8.Putonmoreclothes,_you'llcatchcold.9.Hewasill,_hekeptonworking.10.Janewasdressedingreen__MarywasdressedinBlue

將兩個(gè)簡單句合并為并列句1.Ithasnomouth.Itcantalk.2.Youmusttellthetruth.Youwillbepunished.3.Hehasmanygoodfriends.Heisanhonestman.4.Mr.Liwenttohishometown.Mr.Wangwastakinghisclassinstead.5.Hewantstobeawriter.Iwanttobeascientist.

判斷下列句子含有哪種從句，并用橫線標(biāo)出1.Whenyouseehim,pleasesayhellotohim.2.Ishethemanwhowantstoseeyou?3.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldus.4.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.5.Whathewantstotellusisnotclear.6.WhileIagreewithyou,Ican'tgowithyou.7.HewaiteduntilIreturned.8.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.9.Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwemovedintoournewhouse.10.Hehidhisstorybooksothathisteachercouldn'tfindit.

知能闖關(guān)指出下列句子畫線部分是什么句子成分1.①Thestudentsgotonthe②schoolbus.2.I①shallansweryourquestion②afterclass.3.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!4.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.5.Hefound①itimportant②tomasterEnglish.6.Doyouhave①anythingelse②tosay?7.Hebecameateacherattheageoftwentyone.8.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?9.①Itis②ourdutytokeepourclassroom③cleanandtidy.10.Wemustkeepitasecret.

判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句，并分析句子成分和確定復(fù)合句種類1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.3.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn'tthere?4.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandebackhomeatsevenintheevening.5.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn'tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.11.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmydadonthefarm.12.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.13.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.14.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.15.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.

答案第四講簡單句基本句型練一練：指出下列句子中的主語、謂語和賓語練一練：指出下列句中的句式結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分【主系表】空練一練：指出下列句子中的賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語空第五講空第六講句子類型并列句練一練用適當(dāng)?shù)牟⒘羞B詞填空1.but2.and3.so4.or5.for6.so7.Though8.or9.but10.while將兩個(gè)簡單句合并為并列句1.Ithasnomouth,butitcantalk2.Youmusttellthetruth,oryou'llbepunished.3.Hehasmanygoodfriends,forheisanhonestman.4.Mr.Liwenttohishometown,soMr.Wangwastakinghisclassinstead.5.HewantstobeawriterwhileIwanttobeascientist.

復(fù)合句練一練1.狀語從句2定語從句3賓語從句4表語從句5主語從句6狀語從句7狀語從句8狀語從句9定語從句10狀語從句

知能闖關(guān)指出下列句子畫線部分是什么句子成分1.①主語②定語2.①謂語②狀語3.定語4.狀語5.①形式賓語②真正賓語6.①賓語②定語7.表語8.賓語（間賓＋直