被動語態(tài)講解

被動語態(tài)講解、總述：英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)，即主動語態(tài)(TheActiveVoice)和被動語態(tài)(ThePassiveVoice).主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.主動)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.被動)漢語中常用“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：漢語中常用“給”、“由”、“受”等詞用來表示被動，而英語用：助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。二、被動語態(tài)的形式常用時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：被動語態(tài)的根本形式為助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞，即bedone。be的變化上，其形式與系動詞be的變化形式完全give為例，列表如下：一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時：am/is/are+given一般過去時：was/were+given一般將來時：shall/will+be+given過去進(jìn)展時：was/were+being+given現(xiàn)在進(jìn)展時：am/is/are+being+given過去完成時：had+been+given現(xiàn)在完成時：have/has+been+given將來完成時：shall/will+havebeen+given現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)展時：have/hasbeenbeingdone含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞＋bedone［注］被動語態(tài)沒有將來進(jìn)展時和過去將來進(jìn)展時。被動語態(tài)的否認(rèn)式:在第一個助動詞后加not構(gòu)成。Russianisnottaughtinourschoc我們學(xué)校不教俄語。被動語態(tài)的疑問式：把第一個助動詞提到主語之前,句尾加問號構(gòu)成treesplantedonthehillyesterday天山上種了很多樹嗎？Howmuchmoneywasstolenina一共被偷了多少錢？三、被動語態(tài)使用范圍誰做的動作不知道，說出誰做的沒必要。動作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，用被動語態(tài)莫忘了。Somestampswerestolenlastweek.ThePRCwasfoundedonOctober1,1949.Footballisplayedinmostmiddleschools.四、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換主語+謂語+賓語練習(xí)：將以下各句改為被動語態(tài)。Heplantstreesinspring.Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.Theyboughttencomputerslastterm．AmycantakegoodcareofGina．Wearepaintingtherooms.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)口訣：賓語提前主語變，by后見，be關(guān)鍵。留意：把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持全都，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與主語保持全都。Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputer beenbought.2.主語+謂語+間接賓語(sb.)+直接賓語(sth.)Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.留意：一般在以下動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞 to,如：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,promise,sell,show,take,teach等tellfor,女口：build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order,paint,play,sin等。1：將以下句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.2forto.Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmade me.)Themeatwascooked us.Mybikewaslent

her.Somecountrymusicwasplayed

us.Thecupwithmixturewasshowed

theclass.留意：有些既不用to也不用for,依據(jù)動詞與介詞的搭配關(guān)系。Heaskedmeaquestion.(Aquestionwasaskedofme.PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld不用by短語)主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語帶復(fù)合賓語(賓語+賓補(bǔ))的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時，一般把主動構(gòu)造中的賓語改為主語，而賓語補(bǔ)足語保存在謂語動詞后面。如：Wealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.f Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.fWeweretoldtofollowherinstructions.留意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,fee動詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語toto，這時不定式為主語補(bǔ)足語，也就是說不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語不存在省略to的問題。Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.fHeisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.留意：帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子，假設(shè)賓語補(bǔ)足語是名詞，變被動句時，應(yīng)將賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，不要誤把賓語補(bǔ)足語的名詞作主語。如：TomatoeswerefirsttakenbacktoEuropeanpdeoplecalledthemloveapples.誤：Loveappleswerecalledthem.正：Theywerecalledloveapples.五、以下狀況主動句不能改為被動句：第一，感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義，女口：feel,look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.誤：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.誤：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.誤：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful.其次，謂語是及物動詞leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,on女口：Heenteredtheroomandgothisbook.誤：Theroomwasenteredandhisbookwasgot.Shehadherhandburned.誤：Herhandwashadburned.第三，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如： rise,happen,succeed,remain,等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.誤：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.誤：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.第四，一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)， 女口：takeplace,breakout,belongto,loseheart,consistof,addupt等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.誤：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.第五，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：ItaughtmyselfEnglish.誤：MyselfwastaughtEnglish.Weloveeachother.誤：Eachotherisloved.第六、有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well,badly,easily?副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write,read,clean,sell,wash,coc等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.這布很好洗。Thenewproductsellswell.這產(chǎn)品很暢銷。Thepenwritessmoothly.這支筆寫字很流暢。比照：TheTheThebookssellwell.主動句〕booksweresoldout.被動句〕meatdidn”tcookwell.〔主動句〕Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowhea被動句〕六、特別句式在漢語中，有一類句子不消滅主語，在英語中一般可用被動構(gòu)造來表示，例如：據(jù)說....Itissaidthat …據(jù)報導(dǎo).....Itisreportedthat …據(jù)推想……

Itissupposedthat …期望……Itishopedthat …眾所周知……Itiswellknownthat普遍認(rèn)為……Itisgenerallyconsideredthat有人建議……Itissuggestedthat…Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.練習(xí)：1.變被動語態(tài)：Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives

forcuttingthings.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth.3.1foundtheticketonthefloor. onthefloor.4.1toldhertoreturnthebookintime.She

toreturnthebookintime.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He

onlytwomealsaday.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers

tohelpthem.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear? atthistimelasttime?Mustwefinishourworktoday? ourwork

today?TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom

toturnonthecomputer.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework

bywomeninthisfactory.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike

intwodays.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine

threetimesaday.ThestudentsstudyGermaninthisschool.German

bythestudentsinthisschool.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion? thisquestionoften about ?在橫線上填寫括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式：Teenagersshould

(allow)togooutatnight.Thetelephone

(invent)byBell.English

(speak)inChina.Thecar (make)inChina.Theroommust (clean)everyday.翻譯Theshirtwasheswell.Theshirtisbeingwashednow.Thedoorwon”tlock.Theshopisclosednow.Theroomisfilledwithsmoke.Itisreportedthatthebigfirehasbeenputout.7)8)9)10)11)12)

臺灣屬于中國.韓寒的書很暢銷.這錄音機(jī)不轉(zhuǎn).火災(zāi)是怎樣發(fā)生的?這個問題值得爭辯.這種布摸起來很松軟.選擇正確答案WhenIgottohisoffice,I told,hadbeenB.wastold,wasC.hadtold,wasD.wastold,hadbeen

thathe

out.ThevegetablesdidncookedB.werecooked

ttasteverygood.They fortoolong.C.hadcookedD.hadbeencookedTheanti-Japanesewar

in1937andit

eightyears.A.wasbroken,lastedB.brokeout,lastedC.breakout,lastedShewasheard

D.brokeout,waslastedanEnglishsong.A.tosingB.singC.sangD.tobesangTheseboxesareveryheavy .A.becarriedB.carryC.carriedD.becarryingThepolicefoundthatthehouse andalotofthings .A.hadbeenbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenB.hasbrokeninto,hasbeenstolenC.hadbeenbrokeninto,stolen D.hasbrokeninto,hasstolenCoalcan industry.

toproduceelectricityforagricultureandJohnhasneverdreamtof .A.takentoAthensC.betakingtoAthensNobodylikes .

B.takingtoAthensD.beingtakentoAthensA.laughedatB.laughingatC.beinglaughedatD.beinglaughedThebridge

willbecompletednextyear.builtB.beingbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.buildingItissaidthattigers

inAsiayearafteryear.arebeingdisappearedB.aredisappearingC.willbedisappearedD.willdisappearI”mgoingtoWuhantomorrow.Doyouhaveanything toyourmother?A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.takingTakeiteasy.Thereisnothing .A.toworryB.tobeworriedC.tobeworriedaboutD.toworryaboutYournewcomputerwillsoonbecomeoutdated,becausetechnology sofast.A.isdeveloped B.isbeingdevelopedC.hasbeendevelopedD.willdevelopedIwon”tgotothepartyunless .A.invitedB.beinginvitedC.beinvitedD.invitingTheproblem

lastweekisveryimportant.A.wasdiscussedB.discussedC.beingdiscussedD.bediscussedWeshouldkeeptheanimalsfrom .A.beendangeredB.endangeringC.beingendangeredD.endangeredTherearenorivers outoftheDeadSea.A.flowed B.flowingC.beingflowed D.beflownThisplacehasbeendestroyed.Sothereisnobamboo_forpandastofeedon.A.leftB.leavingC.leaveD.beleftAllthepreparationsforthetask ,andwearereadytostart.A.completed B.completeC.hadbeencompletedD.havebeencompleted練習(xí)題 Itissaidthatanewrobot byhiminafewdays.A)designedB)hasbeendesignedC)willbedesignedD)willhavebeendesigned Wearelate.Iexpectthefilm bythetimewegettothecinema.willalreadyhavestartedB)wouldalreadyhavestartedC)shallhavealreadystartedD)hasalreadybeenstartedShewillstopshowingoffifnonoticeofher.istakenB)takesC)willbetakenD)hastakenDiamond inBrazilin1971.isfoundB)hasbeenfoundC)wasfoundD)hadbeenfound“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat?“N”otyet.Theroom.”hasbeenpaintedB)ispaintedC)paintsD)isbeingpaintedMypictures_untilnextFriday.won”tdevelopC)don”tdevelop

B)aren”tdevelopedD)won”tbedevelopedTim_sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.hadbeenunemployedB)wasunemployedC)hasbeenunemployedD)hasunemployedAgreatnumberofcollegesanduniversitiessince1949.hasbeenestablishB)havebeenestablishedC)haveestablished D)hadbeenestablishedI”llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecauseweifweleaveithere.wouldbefined B)willbefinedC)willbeingfinedD)willhavebeenfined“ twoticketsforthenewplayattheGrandTheatreonSaturday.Shallwegoandseeittogether?A)TheyhavebeengivenB)IhavebeengivenC)IamgivenD)TheyhavegiventomeThesubjectoftheselecturesbythelecturecommittee.A)isannouncedB)havebeenannouncedC)areannouncedD)hasbeenannouncedIfoundanaspirinbottle droppedonthefloorofDavid”sroom.A)was B)had C)hadbeen D)isThegoods_whenwearrivedattheairport.A)werejustunloadingC)hadjustunloaded

B)werejustbeenunloadingD)werejustbeingunloadedIfone bypride,hewillrejectusefuladviceandfriendlyassistance.A)overcomes B)isovercome C)hasbeenovercomeD)overcomeMostenvironmentproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem takeninthepast.A)wasnotB)werenot C)werenotbeing D)hadnotbeenYououghttohaveputthemilkintherefrigerator,nowsour.A)IsmellB)itissmeltC)itsmellsD)itissmellingAftertherace,thecelebrationbegan.A)hadbeenwon B)iswon C)willbewonD)hasbeenwonHewashereforalittlewhile,butIdon”tknowwhereshenow.A)isB)wasC)hadbeenD)hasbeenTheyoungteacherhas

competent.A)beenprovedtobeB)provedtobeC)beenprovedD)provedbeingPluto,theoutermostplanetofthesolarsystem, photographicallyinMarch1930.A)discoveredB)wasdiscoveredC)bydiscoveryD)whendiscoveredTogetabetterviewofthestage, .A)ourseatshadtobechangedB)ourseatswerechangedC)wehadtochangeourseatsD)ourseatswerechangedbyusAftersynthetic,engineershadabetterchoiceofmaterial.A)createdB)hascreatedC)hasbeencreatedD)hadbeencreatedIthinkmuchattention yourpronunciation.A)mustbepaidtoB)oughttobepaidtoC)mustpayto D)shouldbepaidtoSince1970,millionsofenthusiasts VitaminC,whichtheybelievecanremedythecommoncold.A)havetakenB)havebeentakenC)havebeentakingD)havebeentakingIdon”tremember thechancetotrythismethod.A)havingbeengivenB)tohavebeengivenC)havinggiven D)tohavegivenWecouldasksomeonetodotheworkprivatelywithoutit.A)knowB)beknownC)beingknownD)tobeknownTheconstructionofthelaboratory bytheendofnextmonth.A)mustbecompleted B)musthavebeencompletedTheywouldtellhowtheAfrican onashiptoanAmericanport.A)wasbroughthadbeenbrought

B)couldhavebeenbroughtwastobebroughtHedoesnotpossessabicycle,thisoneheuses toPeter.A)isbelongedtoB)belongedC)belongsD)isbelongingNegotiation_againwithMoscowtomorrow,agreateventwillbediscussedthen.A)istobeopenedB)isonthepointofopeningC)isgoingtoopenD)opensThereasonforallthechangesbeingmade tousyet.A)hasnotexplainedB)hasnotbeenexplainedC)didnotexplainedD)werenotexplainedExperimentsinthephotographyofmovingobjects inboththeUnitedStatesandEuropewellbefore1900.A)wereconducting B)wereconductedC)hadbeenconductedD)hadconductedWhenheturnedthecorner,hefoundhimselfbyamaninblack.A)tailedB)beentailedC)wastailedD)hadbeentailedAcandidateforthedemocraticpresidentialnomination atthismoment.A)isinterviewingB)beinginterviewedC)isbeinginterviewedD)interviewingAsweapproachedtheworksite,theworkerswereseen thenewhouse.A)buildingB)buildC)builtD)tobuildAsweknow,alltheregulationsinschool .A)mustkeeptoB)mustbekeptC)mustkeepD)mustbekeptupThecomposition anymore.A)neednottobecorrectedB)doesn”tneedtobecorrectedC)doesn”tneedbecorrectedD)neednotcorrectTheba