新高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專(zhuān)練04 高頻語(yǔ)法之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與語(yǔ)法填空(原卷版)

高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)題型專(zhuān)練（新高考）04高頻語(yǔ)法之非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與語(yǔ)法填空【技法總結(jié)】高頻考點(diǎn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞【高考試題再現(xiàn)】語(yǔ)法填空1.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof(die)earlybyrunning.

2.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice(improve)waterquality.

3.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)China’sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebank’sJuergenVoegele.4.(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn’tfeel(challenge).5.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)A90-year-oldhasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”for(be)Britain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.6.(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Whenwegotacall(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.答案：1.dying2.toimprove

3.feeding4.looking;challenged5.being6.saying【關(guān)鍵技法點(diǎn)撥】語(yǔ)法填空解題策略1.巧記三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)的基本區(qū)別(1)若非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且正在進(jìn)行,要想到用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing);(2)若非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,且表完成,要想到用過(guò)去分詞形式(done);(3)若非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,作狀語(yǔ)表示目的,在喜怒哀樂(lè)的形容詞后作原因或意料之外的結(jié)果等,要想到用不定式形式(todo)。2.掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句型公式It’s+形容詞+(for/ofsb.+)todosth.;It’snogood/use/pleasuredoingsth.;find/think/believe/consider+it+adj.+todosth.。3.牢記用動(dòng)名詞或不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞4.巧辨謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(1)一個(gè)句子無(wú)論是主句還是從句,必須要有謂語(yǔ),一般空格所在的句子中無(wú)其他動(dòng)詞,則填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要考慮時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)主謂一致等;(2)若句中找到了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,而又找不到連詞(并列連詞或從句連詞)時(shí),則所給動(dòng)詞一定用作非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需要確定是-ing形式、過(guò)去分詞形式還是不定式?！局攸c(diǎn)知識(shí)提示】一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能做主語(yǔ)的有動(dòng)名詞和不定式(1)動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)表示一般的、抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，不定式做主語(yǔ)表示具體的、一次性的或尚未做的動(dòng)作。(2)it做形式主語(yǔ)，代替真正做主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞。常見(jiàn)句型有：Itis/wasnouse/good＋doingsth.;Itis/wasuselessdoingsth.;It'sawasteoftimedoingsth.;It's＋adj.＋for/ofsb.＋todosth.等。2．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能做表語(yǔ)的有現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)名詞和不定式。注意現(xiàn)在分詞做表語(yǔ)意為“令人感到……的”，而過(guò)去分詞做表語(yǔ)意為“本身感到……的”。3．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中能做賓語(yǔ)的有動(dòng)名詞和不定式(1)只能跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)：suggest、imagine、mind、admit、practise、risk、keep、keepon、avoid、escape、enjoy、consider、finish、miss、insiston、lookforwardto、feellike、getdownto、objectto等。(2)只能跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)：wish、hope、decide、refuse、promise、pretend、manage、want、plan、fail、choose、wouldlike等。(3)既可跟動(dòng)名詞又可跟不定式做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)：remember、forget、regret、stop、goon、try等。eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(forgettodosth.忘記要去做某事此事未做,forgetdoingsth.忘記做過(guò)某事此事已做過(guò)或已發(fā)生))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(stoptodosth.停止、中斷某件事，目的是去做另一件事,stopdoingsth.停止正在做的事))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(remembertodosth.記住去做某事未做,rememberdoingsth.記得做過(guò)某事已做))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(regrettodosth.對(duì)要做的事感到遺憾常跟say、tell、,inform等,regretdoingsth.對(duì)做過(guò)的事后悔))eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(trytodosth.努力做某事,trydoingsth.嘗試做某事))Remembertoturnoffthelightsbeforeyougotobed.睡覺(jué)前記得關(guān)燈。Irememberreadingabouttheearthquakeinthenewspaper.我記得在報(bào)紙上讀過(guò)關(guān)于該地震的文章。二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)形式功能現(xiàn)在分詞一般式doing表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的行為或者正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)beingdone表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)行為且正在進(jìn)行當(dāng)中過(guò)去分詞done表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)完成的行為或者單純表示已經(jīng)完成動(dòng)詞不定式todo表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞不定式一般式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)tobedone表示將要被做的動(dòng)作三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做狀語(yǔ)1.不定式做狀語(yǔ)不定式主要可以做目的狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)等。(1)在too...todo、enoughtodo、so/such...astodo結(jié)構(gòu)中做狀語(yǔ)表目的。·Heissuchagoodteacherastoberespectedbyallhisstudents.他是個(gè)如此好的老師，以至于受到他所有學(xué)生的尊敬。(2)在only/justtodo結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果?！erushedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.他匆忙趕到火車(chē)站，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車(chē)已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。(3)在behappy/glad/sorry/sad/surprisedtodosth.結(jié)構(gòu)中做狀語(yǔ)表原因。·Hewassurprisedtobeinformedofthenews.被告知這一消息，他感到吃驚。2．分詞做狀語(yǔ)(1)v.－ing形式：現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)表時(shí)間、條件、讓步、原因、伴隨、結(jié)果等?，F(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且含有進(jìn)行之意。(2)v.－ed形式：①過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)表時(shí)間、條件、讓步、原因、伴隨等。過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且含有完成之意。②源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)的部分過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)，表示句子主語(yǔ)所處的一種狀態(tài)。不表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，其前不用being，常見(jiàn)的有：seated(坐著的)、hidden(躲著)、devoted(專(zhuān)注的)、lost/absorbedin(沉溺于)、bornin(出身于)、dressedin(穿著)、tiredof(厭煩了)等?！ollowingtheteacher,somestudentsenteredtheclassroom.(動(dòng)詞follow與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作基本同時(shí)發(fā)生)·Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbysomestudents.(動(dòng)詞follow與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作基本同時(shí)發(fā)生)(3)havingdone/havingbeendone強(qiáng)調(diào)分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前?！othavingfinishedmyhomework,Ihadtostayathome.(動(dòng)詞finish與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生)(4)有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見(jiàn)的有：generallyspeaking一般來(lái)說(shuō)franklyspeaking坦白地說(shuō)judgingfrom/by根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷totell(you)thetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話tobegin/startwith起初；開(kāi)始tobehonest誠(chéng)實(shí)地說(shuō)tomakethings/mattersworse讓事情變得更糟糕的是四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1.有些動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后接不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，形式為“動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)(不定式)”。如：advise、allow、ask、beg、cause、encourage、expect、forbid、force、invite、persuade、teach、remind、warn、wish、callon、dependon等?！hedoctorwarnedhimnottoeattoomuchmeat.醫(yī)生警告他不要吃太多的肉。2．“五看二聽(tīng)一感覺(jué)”的感官動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)(see、watch、observe、notice、lookat、hear、listento、feel等)后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有三種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式(do/doing/done)。do表主動(dòng)和完成(被動(dòng)句中to還原)，doing表主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，done表被動(dòng)或完成。3．make/have/get/keep/leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋補(bǔ)語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)todo－ingdonemake＋賓語(yǔ)do×√keep＋賓語(yǔ)×√√have＋賓語(yǔ)do/todo(區(qū)別：havesb.dosth.意為“讓某人做某事”；havesth.todo意為“有某事要做”，todo做后置定語(yǔ))√(表示主體使客體處于某種狀態(tài)或一直做某事)√(表示讓別人做某事或讓某事被做)get＋賓語(yǔ)√√√leave＋賓語(yǔ)√√√·Clairehadherluggagecheckedanhourbeforeherplaneleft.在飛機(jī)起飛前一個(gè)小時(shí)，克萊爾把行李進(jìn)行了安檢。4．“with＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)(1)with＋名詞/代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞可表示主動(dòng)和動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。·Helayonthegrasswithhiseyeslookingatthesky.他躺在草地上，眼望著天空。(2)with＋名詞/代詞＋過(guò)去分詞。過(guò)去分詞可表示被動(dòng)和動(dòng)作已完成?！ithhishaircut,helookedmuchyounger.理了發(fā)，他看起來(lái)年輕多了。(3)with＋名詞/代詞＋不定式。不定式表示動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。切記：不定式在任何情況下都用主動(dòng)形式，表示被動(dòng)意義。·Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ican'tgoskatingwithyou.因?yàn)橛泻芏嘧鳂I(yè)要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰?！緦?zhuān)題訓(xùn)練】1閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheChineseGovernment1.(create)theChineseFarmers’HarvestFestivalin2018,2.(make)itthefirsttimethatanationalfestivalhasbeenspeciallysetupforfarmers.Thefestivalwillbecelebrated3.(annual)ontheautumnalequinox(秋分).Theactionshowsthegovernment’sconcernaboutagricultureanditspeopletodrawthewholesociety’sattentiontoChinesefarmers,4.workhardtostrengthenthecountry’sdevelopment.Thefestivalfallingontheautumnalequinoxalsoshowsrespect5.traditional24solartermswhich6.(follow)byChinesepeoplesinceabout2,200yearsago.Meanwhile,itmirrorsChinesepeople’sknowledgeofseasonalchangesinnatureandtheirwillingnesstoadapttonaturalrules.Althoughclimatesandcropsdifferin7.(difference)partsofChina,mostcropsmatureinautumn,andthusit’sthebesttimetocelebratetheharvest.Thefestival8.(accompany)bycertainrituals(儀式)isespeciallyimportanttoChina,anagriculturalcountrywith9.(thousand)ofyearsofhistory.Awholeyear’shardworkbringsbigharvests,fillingfannerswithjoy.Notonlywillthisfestivalcelebrateharvests10.itwillbeareminderthatmoreattentionneedstobepaidtoagricultureandfarmers,aswellastraditionalculture.2閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Tiedtoskis(滑雪板)andpulledarounda11.(freeze)lakebyathoroughbredracehorse—skij?ringisasportlikenoother.Thehardyskierstravelatfrighteningspeeds,usingjusttheirvoiceandasetofrulestoguidethehorsesaroundtheicytrack.The12.(usual)sportisconsideredtheshowpieceeventoftheWhiteTurfraces—awinteryfestivalheldattheupmarketskiresortofSt.Moritz.Thesportrequirestheabilitytomixskiingtalent13.ahigh-levelofhorsemanship.“Duringtheraceyouneedareallystrongvoice,”two-timeracewinnerValeriaHolingertoldCNNSport.“Onlybyshoutingcanyoumakethehorsego14.(fast)thanothers”.Competitorsmustwaituntilthey’re18before15.(allow)toparticipateintheevent.Eventhen,driver—asthey’reknown—mustpassfitnesstests16.hardtheoryexams—forgoodreason,too.Notonly17.(be)theytravelingatincrediblespeeds,thereisalsotheaddeddangerof18.(full)grownracehorsestrampling(踩)ontheskis.Inaddition,thespeedinghooves(馬蹄)kickuphugeamountsofsnowandice19.crashintothelegsoftheskiersbehind.Suchuniquethreatscallforunique20.(protect).Driversarerequiredtousefacemaskstokeepthesnowoutoftheireyesandwearbodyarmorundertheirskisuits.3閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ARelayEventBringsDiverseCulturesTogetherWhenHermanKambugureceivedthegoodnewshewasexpecting,hedidsomethingunusual.Heranfor32kmin21.(celebrate).Kambugu,whoworksfortheStandardCharteredBank(StanChart)inUganda,wasamongtheover86,000employeesaroundtheworldwhohadattempted22.(take)partinarelayacrossBeltandRoadcountriesasawaytoseehowtheBeltandRoadInitiative(一帶一路)isdeveloping.KambuguandsevenmoreofhiscoworkersinStanChart’sofficesaroundtheworldvisited44destinationsalongtheBeltandRoadroutes,23.helpedthemunderstandtheinitiativebetter.Kambugu24.(witness)howtheBeltandRoadInitiativeischanginglifefor25.betterinEastAfricasofar,“TheMombasa-NairobiRailwayhasnotonlyshortenedtransportationtime,butalsocreatedover20,000jobsforlocalpeopleinKenya，”hesaid.SerenaLeungfromtheHongKongofficesaid26.shehadseenduringherjourneyimpressed27.(she).Insomeplaces,peoplegreetedtheminMandarin.Theyspokeit28.(fluently)thansomepeoplefromHongKong，shesaidjokingly.“Byrunningtogether,werunfurther，”addedThereseNeo，acustomermanagerfromtheSingaporeoffice.Asshesawit,thecountries29.(participate)intheBeltandRoadInitiativewerelikethe30.(runner).Whentheyjoinforces,theyhaveabettersharedfuture.4閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。China'sresearchicebreakerXuelong,31.126crewmembersaboardonthe35thAntarcticresearchmission,onThursdaylocaltimelefttheZhongshanStationon32.(it)waybacktoChina.SnowEagle601,China'sfirstfixed-wingaircraftforpolarflight,onThursdaynightalsodepartedfromtheAntarcticafter33.(complete)allassignments.Xuelong,34.arrivednearZhongshanonFeb9,suppliedthestationwithfueloil,andthenpickedupsummerexpeditionteammembersattheKunlun,TaishanandZhongshanstations,aswellas35.(member)ofthefixed-wingaircraftproject.SixteenmembersoftheKunlunteam36.(previous)completedallscientificexpeditionsatDomeArgus(DomeA),theSouthPole'shighesticecap.They,togetherwith21membersoftheTaishanteam,37.(return)toZhongshanonFeb8.TheZhongshanteamcompletedtasksincludinginstallationofandtestsforLiDAR,drillingoficebedrock,atmosphericsounding38.(observe),surveysofbirdsandaerialexplorationcarriedoutbythefixed-wingaircraft.AsthesummerexpeditionteamatZhongshanleft,19memberswouldstayforwinterexpeditions.Also39.(know）astheSnowDragon,theicebreakercarryingaresearchteamsetsailfromShanghaionNov2lastyear,beginning40.country's35thAntarcticexpedition.ItisexpectedtoarriveinShanghaiinmid-March.5閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Onenight,41.winter,abearcameintothecityinVancouverCanada.Itwalkedthroughthecitystreetspasthouses,shopsandoffices.Thenit42.(find)somefoodinbinsoutsidearestaurantandstartedeating.Inthemorning,someonesawthebearandcalledthepolice.Thepolicecamewithavet(獸醫(yī))fromthecityzoo.Theyputthebearinalorryandtookittothemountainsoutsidethecity.43.(lucky),thebearwassafe.But44.happensinothercountrieswhenbiganimalscomeintocities?InVancouveritisunusual45.(see)abear,butinsomecitiesyoucanseebiganimalsonthecitystreetseveryday.Biganimalsusuallycomeintocitiestofindfood.InCapeTowninSouthAfricababoons(狒狒)comeintothecitywhentheyare46.(hunger).Humanfoodisverybadforthebaboons47.(tooth)becauseithasalotofsugar.Now,thereareBaboonMonitorsworkinginCapeTown.48.(they)jobistofindbaboonsinthecityandreturnthemtothecountryside.InBerlininGermany,pigssometimescomeintothecityforfood.Theyeatflowersandplantsinparksandgardens.Sometimestheyeatvegetablesfromgardens49.theywalkinthestreet,causingaccidents.Somepeoplelikethepigsandtheygivethemfoodandwatertodrink.Otherpeopledonotlikethepigsandtheywantthegovernmentandthepolicetostopthem50.(enter)thecity.6閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Thefirstblockbuster(大片)ofChinasetinspace,“TheWanderingEarth,”opensTuesdayduringgrandexpectations51.itwillrepresentthedawningofanewerainChinesefilmmaking.“TheWanderingEarth,”52.(show)in3-D,takesplaceinadistantfutureinwhichthesunisabouttoexpandintoaredgiantanddevour(吞噬)theEarth.It53.(adapt)fromworksbyLiuCixin,thewriter54.hasledarenaissanceinsciencefictionhere,55.(become)thefirstChinesewinneroftheHugoAwardin2015.Hisnovelsaresplendidand56.(deep)researched.Thatmakes57.(they)reasonablefantasiesabouthumanity’smeetingwithadangerousuniverse.TheopeningsalsocomeasChinareachedamilestoneinspace:thelandingofaprobeon58.farsideofthemooninJanuary.AlthoughdecadesbehindRussiaandtheUnitedStates,Chinahasnowputastronauts59.orbitandhasambitiousplanstojoin—orevenlead—anewageofspaceexploration.“Ithinkthereisaveryclose60.(connect)betweenChinesecinemaandthenation’sfortunes,”saidShaDan,acuratorattheChinaFilmArchive.7閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。BecautiousofFridaythe13th！Manypeoplethinkthedayisunlucky.61.（fortune）,there'sonlyoneFridaythe13ththisyear.Asthelegendgoes，youshouldtrynot62.（break）anymirrors，walkunderaladder，orevenspillanysalt.Why？Researcherssay63.istoughtofindouthowthetraditioncameintobeing.Manybelieveithas64.（religion）origins.IntheChristianfaith，therewere13guestsattablefortheLastSupper，whichwasheldthedaybeforetheFriday65.Jesusdied.Now，F(xiàn)ridaythe13hhasbecomeaculturalwonder.Many