高考英語語法專題情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣?？键c(diǎn)

專題七情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣?？键c(diǎn)近兩年考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語氣的頻率呈上升趨勢。從整體上把握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征和語義特征，能夠準(zhǔn)確理解不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的細(xì)微差異，認(rèn)真區(qū)別具有相同功能、意思相近的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法，在真實(shí)的交際情景中印證和領(lǐng)悟情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法和特征。eq\a\vs4\al(1)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞所表示的多種含義1.can和could的用法①表示能力。如：Icanrunfast.②表示客觀可能性。如：Anexperienceddrivercanhaveanaccidentattimes.③表示請求和允許。用could語氣更委婉。如：—Can/CouldIgonow?—Yes，youcan.④表示猜測、驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度(主要用于否定句、疑問句或驚嘆句中)。如：Canthisbetrue?Howcanyoubesocareless!Thiscannotbedonebyhim.2.may和might的用法①表示許可。如：Youmaydrivethecar.—May/MightIuseyourpen?—No，youmustn't.②用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：Mayyousucceed!③表示推測、可能(疑問句不能用于此意)。表推測的might并不是指過去時(shí)間，而表示比may把握性略小些。如：Hemaybeverybusynow.④用于表示目的或讓步狀語從句中。如：Nomatterwhatdifficultiesyoumaycomeacross，youshouldn'tgiveup.3.will和would的用法①用于各種人稱，表示“意志”“意愿”“決心”等。如：Itoldhertostopcrying，butshejustwouldnotlisten.②用于第二人稱的疑問句，表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蟆Ｓ脀ould比用will語氣更客氣。如：Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen?③表示真理或習(xí)慣，意為“慣于，總是”。如：Shewilllistentomusicaloneinherroomforhours.Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.4.should的用法①表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼呢?zé)任或義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”，這時(shí)它可以和oughtto，besupposedto互換使用。如：Youshould(＝aresupposedto)completeyourtestintime.\②表示有較大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的猜測、推論，通常意為“可能；總該……吧”，相當(dāng)于beexpectedto。如：Theyshouldbehomebynow，Ithink.③用于第一人稱時(shí)可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。如：Ishouldthinkitwouldbebettertotryitagain.④用在條件狀語從句中，表示語氣較強(qiáng)的假設(shè)，意為“萬一”，這時(shí)也可將should置于從句之首，即將should放在主語前面，而省略從屬連詞if，主句謂語卻不一定用虛擬語氣。如：ShouldI(＝IfIshould)befreetomorrowIwillcome.⑤用來表示意外、驚喜或者在說話人看來是不可思議的。尤其在以why，who，how等開頭的修辭疑問句或某些感嘆句中常常意為“竟會(huì)，居然”。如：Agentlemanlikehimshouldberudetoalady!⑥用于虛擬語氣句中(略)。5.oughtto的用法表示應(yīng)該、推測，相當(dāng)于should。如：Yououghttotakecareofhim.6.shall的用法①用于第二、三人稱，表示說話人的意愿，有“命令”“警告，威脅，強(qiáng)制”“法令條文規(guī)則”和“允諾”等意思。如：YoushallhavethebookwhenIfinishreading.(表允諾)②在疑問句中，shall用于征求對方的意見或請求指示，常用于第一、第三人稱。如：Shallwegooutforawalk?Whereshallhewaitforus?7.must的用法①表示義務(wù)、意圖或建議，意為“必須，應(yīng)該，禁止(用于否定句中)”。如：Youmustgoandseethatfilm—you'dreallyenjoyit.②表示推測，意為“必定，一定”。[注]must表示推測時(shí)的否定式是can't或couldn't(不可能)。③表示主張，意為“硬要，一定要”。如：Ifyoumustgo，atleastwaittilltherainstops.④表示與說話人愿望相反，意為“偏要”。如：Themachinemustbreakdownatthisbusyhour.8.need和dare的用法①need作“必要”講時(shí)，既可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)后面的動(dòng)詞不定式要帶to，其變化與一般動(dòng)詞相同。作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，僅用于否定句或疑問句中。②dare作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，僅用在疑問句、否定句和條件從句中。dare若作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，后面可接帶to的不定式，此時(shí)to也可以省略。dare與need的用法相似。如：Hedarestogotherealone.Heneedstogotherealone.Shedoesn'tdare(to)askherfather.Shedoesn'tneedtoaskherfather.Hedaren'tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd，darehe?9.usedto的用法usedto表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已不存在，在間接引語中，其形式可不變。在疑問句、否定句、否定疑問句或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，可有兩種形式。疑問句·Didyouusetogotothesameschoolasyourbrother?·Usedyoutogotothesameschoolasyourbrother？否定句·Iusedn'ttogothere.·Ididn'tusetogothere.否定疑問句·Usen'tyoutobeinterestedinthetheatre?·Didn'tyouusetobeinterestedinthetheatre？其反意疑問句或簡略回答中，也有兩種形式：Sheusedtobeveryfat，didn'tshe？(正式)/use(d)n'tshe?(口語)—Usedyoutogetupearlyinthemorning?—Yes，Idid(正式)．/Yes，Iusedto.(口語)10.wouldrather(not)do寧愿(不)做11.hadbetter(not)do最好(不)做①I________oftengofishingwhenIlivedinthecountryside.A.shouldB.wouldC.couldD.might②I'vedecidedtotakethejobandI________changemymind.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.won'tD.maynot③“Whateveryouwant，you________haveitonconditionthatyougetthebestresult，”saidtheboss.A.wouldB.oughttoC.shallD.could④—Why________youstayinthecountryside，whereit'snotconvenienttogoshopping?—ButI'vefounditrathervaluableformyhealth.A.canB.mustC.mayD.shall⑤—Ipromiseherdaughter________getanicepresentonherbirthday.—Willitbeabigsurprisetoher?A.shouldB.mustC.wouldD.shall⑥Shejustcouldn'tbelievethatherhusband，towhomshehadbeenloyalforsomanyyears，________desertherafterhebecamerich.A.mightB.shouldC.shallD.must⑦—AMr.Smithiswaitingoutsidefortheappointmentwithyou.________hecomein?—Yes，pleaselethimin.A.ShallB.MayC.WillD.Need⑧Heisalwaysontimeforwork.How________itbethathewaslateyesterday?A.canB.mightC.mayD.must⑨—Lucydoesn'tmindlendingyouherdictionary.—She________.I'vealreadyborrowedone.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.shouldn't【答案】①B②C③C④B⑤D⑥B⑦A⑧A⑨Ceq\a\vs4\al(2)表示“推測”的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞肯定句中用must，may，might，could，當(dāng)表示理論上的可能性時(shí)也可用can；否定句中用can，may，might，could；疑問句中用can，could。用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空：①________hebeapoliceman?②He________beapoliceman，butIamnotsure.③He________beapoliceman，forheissoshort.④He________beapoliceman，forheisstrongandbrave.【答案】①Can②may/might/could③can't④musteq\a\vs4\al(3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式①musthavedone表示一定做了某事，只用于肯定句中。如：Hemusthavebeenabraveboytenyearsago.②can/couldhavedone用于否定句和疑問句中表示推測。③couldhavedone用于肯定句中表示本可以做而事實(shí)上未做到，含有委婉批評或遺憾之意。如：Icouldhavecomeontime，butmycarbrokeontheway.④may/mighthavedone表示可能做了某事，用于肯定句和否定句(意為“可能不”)中。⑤mighthavedone也可以表示本可以做而事實(shí)上未做到，含有委婉批評或遺憾之意。如：Shemighthavedonebetterthanthat.⑥should(not)havedone＝ought(not)tohavedone表示本應(yīng)該做但沒做或本不應(yīng)該做但做了，含有責(zé)備或悔意。如：Ioughtn'ttohavescoldedherforsuchasmallthing.A.表示“(估計(jì))應(yīng)該已經(jīng)……”“大概已經(jīng)……”，即對過去情況的推測。如：Theyleftatnine，sotheyshouldhavearrived(＝probablyhavearrived)homebynow.B.表示“竟然已經(jīng)……”“居然已經(jīng)……”，即表示說話人對已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的事態(tài)感到驚奇、驚喜、懷疑。如：I'msurprisedthatheshouldhavebeensofoolish.⑦needn'thavedone表示本沒必要做某事而實(shí)際上做了；didn'tneedtodo表示本沒必要做而實(shí)際上也未做。如：Youneedn'thavewalkedsoquicklysincetimewasenough.⑧wouldhavedone用在虛擬語氣句中，表示與過去事實(shí)相反。如：Ifhehadtoldmethetruth，Iwouldhavegonethere.⑨wouldlike/lovetohavedone表示本打算做某事而實(shí)際上未做。如：Iwouldliketohavereadthearticle，butIwasverybusythen.⑩hadbetterhavedone表示本來最好做某事而實(shí)際上未做。如：Youhadbetterhavecomeearlier，butyoudidn't.eq\o(○,\s\up1(11))wouldratherhavedone表示當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了或沒做。如：Iwouldratherhaverefusedhisoffer.用適當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞填空：①Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You________nothaveleftwithoutaword.②Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball，otherwisehe________havescoredagoal.③You________nothaveseenhiminthestreetyesterday，forhehasbeentoJapan.【答案】①should②would/could/might③can/couldeq\a\vs4\al(4)一般疑問句中幾個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的提問和回答情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的回答要根據(jù)具體的句意來判斷。完成下列句子：①—NeedIgotherenow?—Yes，you________．—No，you________．②—MustIdomyhomework?—Yes，you________．—No，you________．③—May/MightIuseyourbike?—Yes，you________．＝Y(jié)es，you________．＝Y(jié)es，please.＝Sure/Certainly.—No，you________．④—Can/Couldyouhelpmecarrythebag?—Yes，I________．⑤—Will/Wouldyoucometopartytonight?—Yes，I________．—Sorry，butI________．⑥—ShallItellhimaboutit?—No，you________.Itoldhimjustnow.【答案】①must；needn't＝don'thaveto②must；needn't＝don'thaveto③may；can；mustn't/can't④can⑤will；can't⑥needn'teq\a\vs4\al(5)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有關(guān)的固定短語①may/mightwelldo很可能做may/might(just)aswelldo不妨做②cannot/cannever...too＝cannot/cannever...enough越……越好③wouldratherdo和hadbetterdo④Apencilwilldo(forsth.)＝Apencilwillbesuitable(forsth.)⑤Thecarwon'tstart.＝Thecarcan'tbestarted.①Ireally________thankyouenough.It'sbeenanamazingday.A.needn'tB.shouldn'tC.mustn'tD.cannot②Theseareexcellentphotographsandwe________wellusetheminourmagazine.A.canB.couldC.mustD.may【答案】①D②Deq\a\vs4\al(6)must和haveto①must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而haveto則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要；②must一般只表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)，haveto則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。用must和haveto的適當(dāng)形式填空：①I________gonowforIhavegotameeting15minuteslater.②Jenny________tidyuptheroombeforehermothercameback.【答案】①haveto②hadtoeq\a\vs4\al(7)can，could和beableto的區(qū)別①can用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)，could只用于過去時(shí)，beableto可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)；②表示過去經(jīng)過努力而做成某事要用was/wereableto，而不用could。用can，could和beableto的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Althoughthefirewasbig，everyone________escape.②Onlyinthiswaywillyou________finishtheworkintime.【答案】①wasableto②beabletoeq\a\vs4\al(8)will，would，usedtowill，would和usedto均表示“習(xí)慣”。①will表示不受時(shí)間限制的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作；②would表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，但不涉及與現(xiàn)在情況的對比，后不能跟狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞；③usedto表示過去習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但這種習(xí)慣現(xiàn)在已不存在了。用will，would和usedto填空：①He________belateforschool，butnowheisseldomlate.②She________sitforhourswithoutsayinganything.③He________walkbytheriverinthemorningafterhegotup.【答案】①usedto②will③wouldeq\a\vs4\al(9)虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過去時(shí)would/could/mightdo與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過去完成時(shí)would/could/mighthavedone與將來事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)過去時(shí)/shoulddo/weretowould/could/mightdo①錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句(動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整)。②if省略句(在條件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句)。③用介詞或介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。常用的有with，without，butfor。④含蓄條件句。用otherwise或but來體現(xiàn)虛擬語氣。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Ifyou________(go)tobedearlierlastnight，you________(notbe)sleepynow.②Ifyou________(notattend)themeetingyesterday，you________(notmeet)him.③I________(be)illyesterday.Otherwise，I________(go)there.④I________(give)youmorehelp，butIwastoobusy.⑤ButfortherainlastSunday，we________(have)apicnic.【答案】①hadgone；wouldn'tbe②hadn'tattended；wouldn'thavemet③was；wouldhavegone④wouldhavegiven⑤wouldhavehadeq\a\vs4\al(10)asif/asthough的用法asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的從句表示的情況可能會(huì)發(fā)生用陳述語氣，表示的情況不可能發(fā)生則用虛擬氣。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Itlooksasifit______________(rain)．②HespeaksChinesesofluentlyasifhe________(be)aChinese.③Theytalkedasifthey______(be)friendsformanyyears.【答案】①isgoingtorain②were③hadbeeneq\a\vs4\al(11)Ifonly...！句型的使用Ifonly＋句子＝HowIwish＋that從句，句中用虛擬語氣。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①IfonlyI________(be)aflyingbird!②IfonlyI________(go)hometomorrow!③LookattheterriblesituationIamin！IfonlyI________(follow)youradvice.【答案】①were②wouldgo③hadfollowedeq\a\vs4\al(12)虛擬語氣在名詞性從句和固定句型中的使用①表示建議、愿望、命令等詞的名詞性從句中，常見的詞有demand，order，require，requirement，insist，suggest，suggestion，propose，proposal，advise，advice，recommend，desire，request，urge等，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。②Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/...＋that從句，從句中的謂語用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。③wish(that)sb.did(表現(xiàn)在)/had_done(表過去)/would_do(表將來)(三種虛擬形式)④wouldrather(that)sb.did(表現(xiàn)在和將來)/had_done(表過去)(兩種虛擬形式)⑤It's(about/high)timethatsb.didsth./sb.shoulddosth.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Hisfacesuggestedhe________(be)illandwesuggestedthathe________(send)tohospital.②Heinsistedhe________(be)rightandthathe________(set)free.③Itisnecessarythathe________(send)toMiami.④Iwouldratherhe________(come)tomorrow.⑤It'stimethatwe________(take)measures.⑥IwishI________(see)thefilmyesterday.【答案】①was;(should)besent②was；(should)beset③(should)besent④came⑤took/shouldtake⑥hadseeneq\a\vs4\al(13)名詞性從句在虛擬語氣中的時(shí)態(tài)如果狀語從句是虛擬語氣，從句或主句中的名詞性從句則根據(jù)具體語境確定時(shí)態(tài)。用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：①Ifitwerenotthefactthatshe________(can)notsing，Iwouldinvitehertothepartytonight.②Ifyoucametoourschool，youwouldfindthatalibrary________(build)now.【答案】①can②isbeingbuilt1.(2014·江蘇卷)Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,________bringmefood.A.mightB.wouldC.shouldD.could2.(2014·北京卷)________Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwon'ttakelong.A.CanB.MustC.ShallD.Should3.(2014·福建卷)________nomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.A.WerethereB.HadtherebeenC.IfthereareD.Iftherehavebeen4.(2014·安徽卷)Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey________awayinthepast.A.hadthrownB.willbethrowingC.werethrowingD.wouldhavethrown5.(2014·陜西卷)Wewouldratherourdaughter________athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stay6.(2013·江蘇卷)IshouldnothavelaughedifI________youwereserious.A.thoughtB.wouldthinkC.hadthoughtD.havethought7.(2013·遼寧卷)Harryisfeelinguncomfortable.He________toomuchatthepartylastnight.A.coulddrinkB.shoulddrinkC.wouldhavedrunkD.musthavedrunk8.(2013·全國新課標(biāo)卷)Thedoor________open，nomatterhowhardshepushed.A.shouldn'tB.couldn'tC.wouldn'tD.mightn't9.(2012·江蘇卷)—Happybirthday!—Thankyou!It'sthebestpresentI________for.A.shouldhavewishedB.musthavewishedC.mayhavewishedD.couldhavewished10.(2012·重慶卷)—________youinterruptnow？Can'tyouseeI'monthephone?—Sorrysir，butit'surgent.A.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.Would【答案】1.C2.A3.A4.D5.C6.C7.D8.C9.D10.C1.Youcan'timaginethatawell－behavedgentleman________besorudetotheold.A.mightB.needC.shouldD.would2.Peter________bereallydifficultattimeseventhoughhe'sanicepersoningeneral.A.shallB.shouldC.canD.must3.—________itbeLiPingwhobroketheglass?—No.It________beWangHaiwhodidit.A.Could；mayB.Can；canC.May；mustD.Can；must4.Whentheoldmanwasalive，he________sitforhoursatthedoor.A.wouldB.couldC.mustD.might5.—He________havebeensenttohospitalimmediately.—Sohe________，butalleffortsmadenodifference.A.should；wasB.must；didC.oughtto；hadD.can；has6.Hedenied________stolenthesewatchesandinsistedthathe________setfreeatonce.A.having；beB.tohave；beC.having；wasD.tohave；was7.—Wouldyouhavetoldhimtheanswerhaditbeenpossible?—Iwouldhave，butI________sobusythen.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.wouldbe8.Madonna________astraight－Astudent，butitwasdancingthatshewasreallycrazyabout.A.mustbeB.couldbeC.musthavebeenD.couldhavebeen9.He________havecompletedhiswork，otherwisehewouldn'tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn'tD.can't10.Iwasonthehighwaywhenhiscarwentpastfollowedbyapolicecar.They________atleast150kilometresanhour.A.shouldhavebeendoingB.musthavebeendoingC.couldhavedoneD.wouldhavedone11.There________beanydifficultyinpassingtheroadtestsinceyouhavepractisedalotinthedrivingschool.A.mustn'tB.shan'tC.shouldn'tD.needn't12.Helen________goonthetripwithus，butsheisn'tquitesureyet.A.shallB.mustC.mayD.can13.—Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?—Well，ifyou________know，hernameisMabel.A.mayB.canC.mustD.shall14.“Theinterest________bedividedintofiveparts，accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides，”declaredthejudge.A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall15.—It'shardtobelievethatJack________havefoughtwiththepoliceman.—Yes.Ifone________askfortrouble，itcan'tbehelped.A.would；willB.must；mayC.should；mustD.need；dare16.—Whydidn'tTomgiveyouoneofhispaintings?—Ididn'twantone，buthewouldhavegivenmeoneifI________．A.didB.wouldC.willD.had17.—ShallIgoandbuymorefoodanddrinkfortheparty?—No，wehavepreparedafridgeofthose.That________bequiteenough.A.canB.mayC.mightD.oughtto18.I________upearlythismorning，soIstayedinbeduntil8o'clocka．m.A.needn'thavegotB.didn'tneedtogetC.shouldn'thavegotD.can'thavegot19.He________anactionmovieonTVwhenIcalledhim，forIcouldhearthesoundoffightingoverthephone.A.mustbewatc