北京市朝陽區(qū)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期中英語試卷（解析版）

北京市朝陽區(qū)2022～2023學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期中質(zhì)量檢測高三英語(考試時間90分鐘滿分100分)第一部分知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題：每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ThemomentKareemwentintothewaitingroom,hisnervousnessincreaseddramatically.Mateo,hisopponent,wassittingthere,withhis___1___restingonhisknee.Thetwowould___2___forthelastopeningatthemusicschool.KareemcouldtellMateowas___3___,justlikehe’dalwaysbeen.Kareemsatandclosedhiseyes,tryingtoignoreMateo’scalmness,asharpcontrasttohisown___4___.Torelievethetension,Kareembegantuninghisguitar.SuddenlyadeafeningnoisecameandKareemfrozeatthenoise.AbrokenEstring___5___fromKareem’sguitar.He’dover-tightenedthestring,causingittobreak.Then,he___6___hisbagforanothersetofstrings.___7___,Kareembroughtnostringsforreplacement.Ashisturnwasapproaching,Kareemfelt___8___.Nowtherewasnochoice.HestoodupslowlyandwalkedtoMateo,“WouldyouhappentohaveaspareEstring?”Mateoshookhishead,“Sorry.”Kareemnoddedandwhisperedthatheunderstood.JustthenKareem’snamewascalled.HewasrootedtothegroundandwasabouttoquitwhenhenoticedMateo’sarmoutstretched,holdinghisguitarouttohim.“Here,usemine,”Kareem’smouth___9___asMateoadded,“Doyourbest,man.”TheprofessoraskedKareemwhattoplay.Hehesitated,“I’llbeplayingBach’sBourreeinEminor,withmy...myfriend’sguitar.“AsKareemwalkedtowardthestagedoor,helookedbackatMateowithashared____10____asiftosaytheywerefriends.1.A.coat B.phone C.guitar D.book2.A.compete B.vote C.argue D.stand3.A.active B.popular C.ready D.proud4.A.sorrow B.anxiety C.shame D.anger5.A.showedup B.cameback C.fellapart D.hungdown6.A.spotted B.searched C.packed D.held7.A.Simply B.Naturally C.Sadly D.Seriously8.A.hopeless B.careless C.guilty D.lonely9.A.hurt B.shut C.watered D.dropped10.A.smile B.hope C.interest D.view【答案】1.C2.A3.C4.B5.D6.B7.C8.A9.D10.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了卡里姆和馬特奧競爭音樂學(xué)校的最后一個職位，但卡里姆的吉他琴弦斷了，關(guān)鍵時刻馬特奧慷慨地幫助了卡里姆，兩人成為了朋友?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的對手馬特奧坐在那里，把吉他放在膝蓋上。A.coat外套；B.phone電話；C.guitar吉他；D.book書。根據(jù)下文“Torelievethetension,Kareembegantuninghisguitar.”和“HewasrootedtothegroundandwasabouttoquitwhenhenoticedMateo’sarmoutstretched,holdinghisguitarouttohim.”可知，卡里姆和馬特奧競爭的是音樂學(xué)校的職位，都帶了吉他。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：兩人將競爭音樂學(xué)校的最后一個職位。A.compete競爭；B.vote投票；C.argue爭論；D.stand站立。根據(jù)上文“hisopponent”和下文“thelastopeningatthemusicschool”可知，卡里姆和馬特奧是競爭音樂學(xué)校的職位。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：卡里姆看得出馬特奧已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了，就像他一直以來一樣。A.active積極主動的；B.popular受歡迎的；C.ready準(zhǔn)備好的；D.proud自豪的。根據(jù)下文“Kareemsatandclosedhiseyes,tryingtoignoreMateo’scalmness”可知，馬特奧非常冷靜，說明他胸有成竹，已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好了。故選C項。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：卡里姆坐著，閉上眼睛，試圖忽略馬特奧的冷靜，這與他自己的焦慮形成了鮮明的對比。A.sorrow悲傷；B.anxiety焦慮；C.shame羞恥；D.anger憤怒。根據(jù)下文“Torelievethetension,Kareembegantuninghisguitar.”可知，卡里姆感到緊張和焦慮。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：一根斷了的E弦從卡里姆的吉他上垂了來下。A.showedup露面；B.cameback回來；C.fellapart崩潰；D.hungdown垂下。根據(jù)句中“brokenEstring”可知，琴弦斷了，所以垂了來下。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，他在包里尋找另一組琴弦。A.spotted看見；B.searched搜尋；C.packed打包；D.held握住?？ɡ锬返募傧覕嗔耍Y(jié)合句中“hisbagforanothersetofstrings”可知，卡里姆想找備用琴弦。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：不幸的是，卡里姆沒有帶來任何替代的琴弦。A.Simply僅僅；B.Naturally自然地；C.Sadly悲哀地；D.Seriously嚴(yán)重地。根據(jù)句中“Kareembroughtnostringsforreplacement.”可知，卡里姆并沒有備用琴弦，很不幸。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：輪到卡里姆的時候，卡里姆感到絕望。A.hopeless無望的；B.careless粗心大意的；C.guilty內(nèi)疚的；D.lonely孤單的?？ɡ锬凡⑽凑业絺溆们傧遥渲薪Y(jié)合“Ashisturnwasapproaching”可知，表演馬上開始了，卡里姆感到絕望。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)馬特奧接著說：“盡你所能，伙計?！?，卡里姆驚掉了下巴。A.hurt使受傷；B.shut關(guān)閉；C.watered澆水；D.dropped掉落。根據(jù)上文可知，卡里姆和馬特奧是競爭對手，但馬特奧現(xiàn)在居然把自己的吉他借給卡里姆，這讓卡里姆感到震驚；mouthdrop可理解為“驚得下巴掉了下來”。故選D項。【10題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)卡里姆走向舞臺門時，他回頭看著馬特奧，臉上帶著相同的微笑，似乎在說他們是朋友。A.smile微笑；B.hope希望；C.interest興趣；D.view觀點。根據(jù)上文可知，雖然卡里姆和馬特奧是競爭對手，但在關(guān)鍵時刻馬特奧幫助了卡里姆。結(jié)合句中“asiftosaytheywerefriends”可知，這一刻他們成了朋友，所以兩人相視而笑。故選A項。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Ienjoyedalovablecollegetimebothoncampusandathome.Atcollege,Ijoinedavarietyofclubstoenrichmylife.Asthetermwasdrawingtoanend,I___11___(plan)todoplentyofthingsduringthevacation.Firstofall,Iwantedtohelpmymother___12___housework.Ialsowishedtofinishthethickestbook___13___hadbeenrecommendedbymyteacher.ItturnedoutthateverythingwentsmoothlyasIexpected.【答案】11.planned12.with13.that【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇記敘文的節(jié)選。這一部分主要描述了作者對即將到來的假期生活的計劃?！?1題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：隨著這學(xué)期即將結(jié)束，我計劃在假期期間做大量的事情。根據(jù)句中“as”引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的謂語動詞“wasdrawing”，并結(jié)合句意，此處應(yīng)用一般過去時。故答案為planned。【12題詳解】考查介詞和動詞短語。句意：首先，我想幫媽媽做些家務(wù)。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)用介詞；動詞短語helpsbwithsth意為：幫助某人某事，符合句意。故答案為with?！?3題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：我也希望看完老師推薦的最厚的那本書。分析句子可知，此處為定語從句的關(guān)系詞；先行詞為“thethickestbook”,關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語；因“book”前有最高級“thickest”修飾，只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故答案為that。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Extremeheatisbecomingincreasinglycommonacrosstheglobe.Itisan___14___(extreme)dangerousweatherconditionwherethetemperaturesaremuchhotterthanaverage.It’sclearthathowhotfuturesummerswillgetdependson___15___humansdotostopclimatechange.Governmentsappealtopeopletoreducegreenhouse___16___(gas)—likemethane(甲烷)andcarbondioxide(CO2)-intheatmosphere.Also,theywillsetuppubliccoolingstations___17___(protect)peopleatrisk.【答案】14.extremely15.what16.gases17.toprotect【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇議論文。文章主要說明極熱天氣在全球正變得越來越普遍，政府呼吁人們減少溫室氣體的排放，采取措施阻止氣候的改變?！?4題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這是一種極度危險的天氣條件，在這種天氣下，氣溫遠(yuǎn)高于平均溫度。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)為副詞，修飾形容詞“dangerous”。故填extremely?！?5題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：顯然，未來夏天有多熱取決于人類做什么來阻止氣候改變。分析句子可知，“dependson”后跟賓語從句，所以此處應(yīng)為連接詞，在從句中作“do”的賓語，表示做什么事情，用連接代詞what。故填what。【16題詳解】考查名詞。句意：政府呼吁人們減少溫室氣體-像甲烷和二氧化碳-排放到大氣中。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)為名詞；根據(jù)破折號后面列舉甲烷和二氧化碳可知，gas應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填gases。【17題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：而且，他們也希望建立公共制冷站以保護有風(fēng)險的人們。分析句子可知，此處應(yīng)為非謂語動詞；根據(jù)句意，建立制冷站的目的是保護有風(fēng)險的人，所以應(yīng)用動詞不定式toprotect，作目的狀語。故填toprotect。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheSanxingduiRuinssiteinSichuanprovince,___18___(consider)asoneofthegreatestfindingsofmankindinthe20thcentury,hascontinuedtoamazetheworld.SinceMay,2001,morethan500culturalrelics___19___(find)atthesite,includingbronzeware(青銅器),goldandbronzemasksandsoon.Amongthem,agoldmaskiscatchingtheworld’sattention.It’s37.2cmwide,16.5cmhighand___20___(weigh)about100grams,whichisstrongproofoftheexistenceofancientShustate.【答案】18.considered19.havebeenfound20.weighs【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了三星堆遺址?！?8題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：四川省的三星堆遺址被認(rèn)為是20世紀(jì)人類最偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)之一，一直在讓世界驚嘆。分析句子可知，consider是非謂語動詞，與其邏輯主語TheSanxingduiRuinssite之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞considered表被動，作后置定語。故填considered。【19題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：自2001年5月以來，在該遺址發(fā)現(xiàn)了500多件文物，包括青銅器、黃金和青銅面具等。提示詞是謂語動詞，與主語morethan500culturalrelics之間是被動關(guān)系，結(jié)合時間狀語“SinceMay,2001”可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，助動詞用have。故填havebeenfound?！?0題詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：它寬37.2厘米，高16.5厘米，重約100克，是古蜀國存在的有力證據(jù)。分析句子可知，提示詞與is是并列關(guān)系，是謂語動詞，陳述客觀事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)；weigh表示“重……”，是不及物動詞，無被動語態(tài)；主語It是單數(shù)代詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。故填weighs。第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AMostkidsspenttheirsummerholidaysplayingvideo-games,watchingTVandsleepingin.Parentscanfollowthestepsbelow,andyourkidscanbreaktheirsummertimetechhabitsandadapttoaschool-friendlyscheduleintwoweeks.ShiftbedtimeThere’snothingmoreimportanttokickingofftheschoolyearsuccessfullythangettingsufficientsleep.Twoweeksbeforeschoolbeginsschedulebedtimebackbyabout20minutesanighttostopkidsstayinguplateorsleepingin.Insteadofalong,funbathtime,switchtoaquickshower.Keepalldigitaldevicesoutoftheirbedroomsandbuythemalarmclocks.SetscreengoalsHavingintentionalgoalsforscreenusecanhelpkidschangetheirtechhabits.Youmightdecidetomakescreentimearewardratherthanaright.Setlimitsondigitalactivitiessuchasnovideogamesuntiltheycompletehomework.Don’tjumptonoappsbutconsiderusingappsthatcontrolthelengthoftimekidscanuseadevice.Establishzonesinyourhousewhereelectronicssimplyarenotallowed.Besides,getyourkidsinvolvedinactivitiesthatdon’tneedascreen.MakeascheduleAsummerspentwithoutroutinecanmakejumpingbackintothestructureofschooldifficultforkids.Settingascheduleforthelasttwoweeksofsummercanwork.Ms.Rawson,founderoftheScreenTimeClinic,suggestscreatingblocksoftimethatmirrorthoseoftheschoolday,arranging30to50minutesforanactivity,dependingonthekid’sage,alongwithasetlunchtime.Kidsshouldhaveasayindecidinghowtofilltheday’stimeblocks.Theactivitiescaninvolveanythingbutscreens.21.Beforethenewschoolyearbegins,kidscanshiftbedtimeby.A.takingalongbath B.sleepinginalotCusingphonesasalarmclocks D.movingtobedearlier22.Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldparentsdotoadjustkids’screentime?A.Managehomeworktimewithapps.B.Forbidthemfromusingelectronics.C.Reserveareasforscreen-freeactivities.D.Removeappsfromtheirdigitaldevices.23.Aschool-friendlyscheduleshouldA.reflectindividualneedsofkidsB.copytheexactschooltimetablesC.startfromthebeginningofholidaysD.combinestudywithdigitalentertainment【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章提出了一些建議，幫助孩子們在兩周內(nèi)改掉他們的暑假科技習(xí)慣，適應(yīng)學(xué)校的課程表?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Twoweeksbeforeschoolbegins,schedulebedtimebackbyabout20minutesanighttostopkidsstayinguplateorsleepingin.(開學(xué)前兩周，每晚把就寢時間提前20分鐘，防止孩子熬夜或睡過頭。)”可知，在新學(xué)年開始之前，孩子們可以通過提前睡覺來改變睡覺時間。故選D?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Establishzonesinyourhousewhereelectronicssimplyarenotallowed.(在家里設(shè)置一些不允許使用電子產(chǎn)品的區(qū)域。)”可知，家長應(yīng)預(yù)留無屏幕活動區(qū)域，調(diào)整孩子的屏幕時間。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ms.Rawson,founderoftheScreenTimeClinic,suggestscreatingblocksoftimethatmirrorthoseoftheschoolday,arranging30to50minutesforanactivity,dependingonthekid’sage,alongwithasetlunchtime.Kidsshouldhaveasayindecidinghowtofilltheday’stimeblocks.(屏幕時間診所(ScreenTimeClinic)的創(chuàng)始人羅森建議，根據(jù)孩子的年齡安排30到50分鐘的活動時間，并在午餐時間安排好。孩子們應(yīng)該對如何安排一天的時間有發(fā)言權(quán)。)”可知，對學(xué)校的課程表應(yīng)該能夠反映孩子們的個人需求。故選A。BBrianSchwartzbecameoneofthemanytoturnjoblessundertheepidemic.ForBrian,thetimingcouldnothavebeenworse.Itwasastressfultimebetweenawifecarryingababy,adadbattlingbraincancer,andeverythingelsegoingoninthenews.Brianneededtodosomethingproductiveandheturnedtomowmowinglawnsforstressrelief.“Ijustdecidedtocreatemyowngoodnews,reallyjustasatimefiller,”saysBrian.Hewantedtohelpneighbors,justkeepinghimselfbusymentallyandphysically.Brianofferedhislawnmowingservicefreetoseniorsandpeoplewithdisabilitiesinhiscommunity.Aswordspreadofhisgoodacts,thelocalmediabeganpickinguponthestory.TheattentiongotBrianthinking.Therewasclearlyabroaderneedforwhathewasoffering.Sohedecidedtolaunchawebsite,,andakindnessmovementwasborn.Prettysoon,Brianhadalargecrowdofclientsneedingotherstomowtheirlawnsandanarmyofvolunteers,from18-year-oldsincollegetorecentretirees.Asnewsofhisorganizationspread,healsobegantoattractdonationstohelpwithoperatingcosts,whichencouragedhimtoturntheserviceintoanonprofit.Astheorganizationhasevolved(演變),Brianhasexpandedhisofferingstoincludeotherserviceslikeremovingtreesandclearingsnow.Buthebelievesthebenefitofwhathisteamdoesgoeswaybeyondthepractical.“Wearenotonlyprovidingthemwithfinancialrelief,”hesays.“It’smentalandphysicalreliefaswell.Andwe’rehearingfeedbacknotonlydirectlyfromthepeoplewe’rehelping,butalsofromtheirneighborswhothankusforhelpingmakethecommunitybetter.AndI’mevenreceivingoccasionallettersfrompeoplethatwemightnotevenhelp,buttheymighthavejustbeenatthetimelookingforsomeupliftingnews.”hasbecomeapassion.Notleastofallforthebenefitsthekindnessbrings.“Itstimulatesmymind,mybodyandmysouljustbyhelpingothers,”hesays.“It’sareallygoodfeeling.IfeellikeI’mdoingsomethingthathassomemeaningandpurpose.”24.WhatgotBrianintoabadsituation?A.Takingcareofababy. B.Beingoutofwork.C.Fightingagainstcancer. D.Beingreportedinnews.25WhydidBriancreatethewebsite?A.Togainmorepublicattention.B.Toprovideawiderrangeofservices.C.Toraisedonationsforpeopleinneed.D.Tocollectnewsofkindnessmovements.26.WhatcanwelearnaboutBrian’sorganization?A.Itputsforwardplansonbetteringthecommunity.B.Itrequirespeopletogivefeedbackontheofferings.C.Itreducestheunemploymentamongpeopleinneed.D.Itgivespeoplespiritualsupportaswellasdirecthelp.27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A.Goodthingstaketime. B.Everymomentmatters.C.Werisebyliftingothers. D.Famebringsopportunities.【答案】24.B25.B26.D27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了布萊恩·施瓦茨(BrianSchwartz)成為疫情失業(yè)背景下，免費為社區(qū)的老年人和殘疾人提供修剪草坪的服務(wù)，創(chuàng)辦一個網(wǎng)站幫助更多需要服務(wù)的人，既幫助了別人，也升華了自己?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“BrianSchwartzbecameoneofthemanytoturnjoblessundertheepidemic.(布萊恩·施瓦茨(BrianSchwartz)成為疫情下失業(yè)的眾多人之一。)”可知，失業(yè)使布萊恩陷入了困境。故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Therewasclearlyabroaderneedforwhathewasoffering.Sohedecidedtolaunchawebsite,,andakindnessmovementwasborn.(顯然，他所提供的東西有更廣泛的需求。于是，他決定創(chuàng)辦一個網(wǎng)站，一場善意運動就此誕生)”可知，Brian創(chuàng)立網(wǎng)站是為了提供更廣泛的服務(wù)。故選B?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段““Wearenotonlyprovidingthemwithfinancialrelief,”hesays.“It’smentalandphysicalreliefaswell.”(“我們不僅為他們提供經(jīng)濟援助，”他說?！斑@是精神和身體上的放松?！?”可知，Brian的組織給人們精神上的支持以及直接的幫助。故選D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“hasbecomeapassion.Notleastofallforthebenefitsthekindnessbrings.“Itstimulatesmymind,mybodyandmysouljustbyhelpingothers,”hesays.“It’sareallygoodfeeling.IfeellikeI’mdoingsomethingthathassomemeaningandpurpose.”(L已經(jīng)成為一種激情。尤其是這種善意所帶來的好處。“通過幫助他人，它刺激了我的思想、身體和靈魂。這種感覺真的很好。我覺得我做的事情是有意義和目的的?！?”可知，我們從文章中能得出我們通過幫助別人而得到升華。故選C。CFossilbyfossil,thestoryofthebirdsbecomesclearer.Itisnowwellestablishedthatmodernbirdsareactuallyagroupofdinosaurs,whichsurvivedacrashbetweentheearthandasmallplanet66myearsago.Thisimpactwipedouttherestofthedinosaurworld,alongwithalotofothercreatures.Recentlyapaper,publishedinNature,hasreleasedthedetailsofafossil,whichthosestudyingitbelieveprovidesourearliestviewofwhatmodernbirdswerelikeduringtheinitialstagesoftheirevolutionalhistory.ThefossilinquestioniscalledAsteriornismaastrichtensis.Asitsnamesuggests,therockcontainingitwasdugfromdeposits(沉積層)foundnearMaastricht.Thesedepositsarebetween66.8mand66.7myearsold.Thisparticularrockinterestedpalaeontologists(古生物學(xué)家)becauseitincludedvisiblelegbonesthatlookedasthoughtheybelongedtoabird.Suchancientfossilsarerare,soinsteadofchancingtheirarmsbyusingphysicalorchemicalmethodstoexploretherockformoreremains,DanielFieldofCambridgeUniversityandhiscolleaguesemployedaCTscan,aprocessmorefamiliartomostpeopleasamedical-scanningtechnique.Theresult,animageoftheanimal’sskullwithfalsecoloursaddedtoclarifywhichbitsarewhich,canbeseeninthepicture.Asteriornismaastrichtensisdoesindeedturnouttobeamemberofthemodernbirds.Specifically,itispartoftheGalloanserae,whichincludesbothlandfowl(家禽),suchaschickensanditsrelatives,andmodernwaterfowl,likeducksandthelike.TheskullofAsteriornismaastrichtensisexhibitsfeaturesofbothgroups,soitmostprobablypredatesthedivisionbetweenthem.AnditsdiscoveryinEuropeopensupthedebateaboutwhethermodernbirdsoriginatedinthesouthernpartoftheearth,ashasbeenproposed.Astowhatitlookedlikewhenalive,theanimal’sleftupperleg,itsbest-preservedbonebesidesthoseofitsskull,suggestsAsteriornismaastrichtensiswasalong-leggedcreaturethatmarchedaround.This,andevidencethattherockitwaspreservedinwasoriginallypartofafossilshoreline,hasledtoreconstructionsofmodernwaterfowl.Asteriornismaastrichtensisshowsthatasinglefossilcanhelptonaildownpreviouslyuncertaindates.Theageofthefossil,infact,suggeststhatthosepreviousestimates,basedonso-calledmolecularclocks(分子鐘),mighthaveoverestimatedhowearlythemodernbirdsarose.BasedonthediscoveryofAsteriornismaastrichtensis,thesmartmoneyisnowonthemodernbirdsasagroupbeingonlyalittleolderthanthedinosaur-killingimpactitself.28.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Thedetailsofthefossilarestillindoubt.B.Thedepositswerenamedafterthefossil.C.Thecrashcausedtheextinctionofdinosaurs.D.Thefossilisseenastheoldestmodernbirdskull.29.WhatcanbeinferredaboutAsteriornismaastrichtensisfromthepassage?A.Itattractspalaeontologistsasarareancientspecies.B.Itcanpresentthewholepictureofmodernwaterfowl.C.Itallowsresearcherstoconfirmwheremodernbirdsemerged.D.Itmaybethecommonancestorofmodernchickensandducks.30.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat_______.A.fossilspromotetheaccuracyofhistoricaldatesB.it’snotwisetodigthedepositsformoreremainsC.wecan’ttrustfossilsmorethanmolecularclocksD.moreinvestmentshouldbemadetostudyfossils【答案】28.D29.D30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了最近，一篇發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的論文公布了一塊化石的細(xì)節(jié)，研究它的人認(rèn)為，這為我們提供了關(guān)于現(xiàn)代鳥類在進化史的最初階段是什么樣子的最早觀點。這個化石被稱為馬斯特里赫特Asteriornismaastrichtensis?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Recentlyapaper,publishedinNature,hasreleasedthedetailsofafossil,whichthosestudyingitbelieveprovidesourearliestviewofwhatmodernbirdswerelikeduringtheinitialstagesoftheirevolutionalhistory.(最近，一篇發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的論文公布了一塊化石的細(xì)節(jié)，研究它的人認(rèn)為，這為我們提供了關(guān)于現(xiàn)代鳥類在進化史的最初階段是什么樣子的最早觀點。)”可知，這塊化石被認(rèn)為是最古老的現(xiàn)代鳥類頭骨。故選D。【29題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Asteriornismaastrichtensisdoesindeedturnouttobeamemberofthemodernbirds.Specifically,itispartoftheGalloanserae,whichincludesbothlandfowl(家禽),suchaschickensanditsrelatives,andmodernwaterfowl,likeducksandthelike.(馬斯特里赫特Asteriornismaastrichtensis確實是現(xiàn)代鳥類的一員。具體來說，它是加洛雁科的一部分，包括陸禽，如雞及其近親，和現(xiàn)代水禽，如鴨子等。)”可推知，Asteriornismaastrichtensis可能是現(xiàn)代雞和鴨的共同祖先。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Asteriornismaastrichtensisshowsthatasinglefossilcanhelptonaildownpreviouslyuncertaindates.(馬斯特里赫特Asteriornismaastrichtensis表明，一個化石可以幫助確定之前不確定的日期。)”可知，作者可能會同意化石提高了歷史年代的準(zhǔn)確性。故選A。DDuringthefinalscenesofthemovie,LordoftheRings:ReturnoftheKing,weexperiencethefullrangeofemotions.WeholdourbreathasthefiresurroundsFrodo;wecheerwhenGandalfsaveshim.Sowhat’sgoingon?Theremustbeaspecialkindofmoviemagicthatmakesuscareaboutwhatweknowisn’treal.Asithappens,thereisaspecialkindofmagic,butit’snotinthemovie.It’sinthemindsofpeoplewhowatchit.Dr.NormanHolland,professoroftheUniversityofFlorida,believesthismagicisparticularlypotentwhenwewatchmoviesonthebigscreen.”Thefirstthingthathappens,“heargues,”isthatyougiveupcontrol.Themovieisincontrol.”Innormallifeourbrainsareliketractorbeams(牽引光束),busytakinginanyinformationthatseemsimportantorinteresting.Thisiscalledtheattentionalsystem.Butasthecharacterscomealiveonscreen,westopsensingourbody.Psychologistscallthiskindofmentalstate“flow”:whenourattentioniscompletelyabsorbedinoneactivityandthereisn’tanyjuiceleftinourattentionalsystemtotakeinanymoreinformation.Weareeffortlesslysweptalonginthecurrentsoftheride.Thisiswhywelovethemovies:it’slikegoingonarollercoaster(過山車)forthebrain.Butthere’sanotherkindofmagicatworkheretoo;inamovietheater,aswegiveupcontrol,oursenseofrealitychanges.Deepdownweknowthatwhatwe’reseeingismake-believe,butbecausewe’renotgoingtoactuponit,becauseitdoesn’thaveadirectphysicalbearinguponus,wedon’ttestifitisreal.It’slikethatpartofourbraingoesonatemporaryvacation.Somethingelseishappeninginthebraintomakethispossibletoo.Themindhasdifferentabilities,andeachonehasadistinctplaceinthebrain.Ourknowledgethatwe’reonlywatchingamoviehappensinthefrontpartofourbrain.Butemotionscomefromthelimbiesystem(邊緣系統(tǒng)),inthebackofthebrain.Eventhoughourfrontbrainknowsthatamovieisn’treal,thebackbrainnevergetsthemessage.Sadly,theintensityoftheemotionsthatmoviesproduceinusmaybedecreasing.Athome,oronoursmartphones,moviesarewonderfullyconvenient.Butwatchinginthiswaylimitstheirmagicbecausewe’reincontrol;wehavethepowertostopthefilmorfastforwardbitswedon’tlike.“Ifyou’renotgivingupcontroltothemovie,“Hollandsays,”you’regettingathinned-outmovieexperience.“Morecontrolmightbemoreconvenient,butitwon’tmeanmoremagic.Surely,wedeservebetterthanthat,andFrododoestoo.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword”potent“inParagraph1probablymean?A.Complicated. B.Effective. C.Subjective. D.Temporary.32.Whydoestheauthormentionarollercoaster?A.Toillustratetheexcitementthatamoviecanprovide.BToexplainthefilmmakingtechniquesusedbydirectors.C.Todemonstratetheworkingstateoftheattentionalsystem.D.Todescribepsychologicalmethodsinvolvedinseeingamovie.33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Distinctpartsofourbrainareinteractive.B.Thelimbicsystemcanhelpussensethereality.C.Goingtotheaterscreatesbetterviewingexperience.D.Moviesonphonescantakeustothestateoffloweasily.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.YourBrainonMoviesB.EmotionsoutofControlC.TheRiseofMovieTheatresD.DifferentChoicesofMoviegoers【答案】31.B32.A33.C34.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在我們觀看電影時可以體驗全方位的情感。這是一種特殊的魔力，但它不在電影中，而是在觀影者的腦海中。當(dāng)我們在大屏幕上觀看電影時，這種魔力尤其強大?！?1題詳解】詞義猜測題。由文章第一段最后一句“Dr.NormanHolland,professoroftheUniversityofFlorida,believesthismagicisparticularlypotentwhenwewatchmoviesonthebigscreen.（佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)教授諾曼·霍蘭德博士認(rèn)為，當(dāng)我們在大屏幕上觀看電影時，這種魔力尤其potent。）”以及最后一段第三句“Butwatchinginthiswaylimitstheirmagicbecausewe’reincontrol（但是以這種方式觀看會限制它們的魔力，因為我們在控制之中）”可知，在大熒幕上看電影時，這種魔力會很明顯，如果在家用手機看，雖然便捷但這種魔力被削弱了，依次推斷potent是“有效的，強有力的”的意思，等同于effective。故選B?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Psychologistscallthiskindofmentalstate“flow”:whenourattentioniscompletelyabsorbedinoneactivityandthereisn’tanyjuiceleftinourattentionalsystemtotakeinanymoreinformation.Weareeffortlesslysweptalonginthecurrentsoftheride.Thisiswhywelovethemovies:it’slikegoingonarollercoaster(過山車)forthebrain.（心理學(xué)家將這種心理狀態(tài)稱為“心流”：當(dāng)我們的注意力完全集中在一項活動中，注意力系統(tǒng)中沒有剩余的能量來吸收更多的信息。我們毫不費力地順流而下。這就是我們喜歡電影的原因：就像大腦坐過山車一樣。）”可知，我們看電影時注意力很集中，我們的大腦不再忙于接收任何看起來重要或有趣的信息，不再感覺到自己的身體，毫不費力地被卷入劇情中，所以我們看電影時就像大腦在坐過山車一樣刺激。作者是借助過山車這種生活化的例子，幫助讀者理解這種“心流”的心理現(xiàn)象，以此說明電影所能帶來的興奮，故選A。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Sadly,theintensityoftheemotionsthatmoviesproduceinusmaybedecreasing.Athome,oronoursmartphones,moviesarewonderfullyconvenient.Butwatchinginthiswaylimitstheirmagicbecausewe’reincontrol;wehavethepowertostopthefilmorfastforwardbitswedon’tlike.（可悲的是，電影在我們身上產(chǎn)生的情感強度可能正在下降。在家里，或者在我們的智能手機上，看電影非常方便。但是以這種方式觀看會限制他們的魔力，因為我們在控制之中；我們有權(quán)停止電影或快進我們不喜歡的片段。）”可知，自己在家用手機看電影，這種體驗感會減弱，會限制電影的魔力，也就是說只有在電影院，我們無權(quán)停止或暫停電影時，我們才有更好的觀影體驗。故選C?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。由文章第一段“Asithappens,thereisaspecialkindofmagic,butit’snotinthemovie.It’sinthemindsofpeoplewhowatchit.Dr.NormanHolland,professoroftheUniversityofFlorida,believesthismagicisparticularlypotentwhenwewatchmoviesonthebigscreen.（碰巧，有一種特殊的魔法，但不是在電影中。它在觀影者的腦海中。佛羅里達(dá)大學(xué)教授諾曼·霍蘭德博士認(rèn)為，當(dāng)我們在大屏幕上觀看電影時，這種魔力尤其有效。）”可知，本篇文章主要在給讀者科普電影給我們大腦帶來的魔力。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Somepeopleprefertohaveabitetoeatbeforehittingthegym,knownasafedworkout.Otherswouldliketowaituntilafterexercisingtorefueltheirbodies,calledafastedworkout.___35___Manyexpertssaythere’snoeasyanswerbecauseitdependsontheperson.Ifyouwantenergyandstrengthforanidealworkout,youneedfuel.Afedworkoutwillprovideyourbodywithpower.Eatingbeforeexercisemayhelpyousustainlongersessionsandliftheavierweights.___36___Musclepreservationisalsoanessentialcomponentofstrengtheningyourbody.Nitrogen(氮)iscriticalforprocessingproteinthatbuildshealthymuscles.Peopletendtoloselessnitrogenduringafedworkoutthanafastedone.Manyfitnessenthusiastsarenotonboardwiththisidea.Theyreportfeelingsickandinactivewhiletryingtoexerciseaftereating.Withafastedworkout,youmaynotgettheusualindigestion.Expertsforfastedworkoutsfurtherclaimthateatingafterwardsmakesyourbodyuseitsfatreservesforenergy,meaningyouwillburnmorefat.___37___Itcancauseasuddendropinyourbloodglucose(葡萄糖)levels,andyoumayfeeldizzy.Youmayevenbemorelikelytoovereat.___38___Notallfoodsarecreatedequal.Forexample,ifyouchooseafedworkout,you’llprobablylosealotofwaterduringanintensetraining,soyoushouldconsiderdrinkingsomebeforehand.Withafastedworkout,itwouldhelpifyouhadsomenutritionrightafteryoursessioniscomplete.Drinksomewater.Then,havealightmealornutritionalsnack.Decidingwhentoeatforanidealworkoutisapersonalchoice.Bothfastedworkoutsandfedactivitieshavetheirbenefitsandshortcomings.___39___A.However,afastedworkoutmightnotworkforyou.B.Howyourbodywillrespondisbasedonyourworkoutintensity.C.Thesebenefitscanresultinburningmorefatandshapingaslimmerbody.D.Toeatornottoeat,thatisthequestiononmanyfitnessenthusiasts’minds.E.Thinkthoroughlyanddiscusswithyourfitnessinstructorbeforetakingachoice.F.Knowingwhattoeatforanidealworkoutisjustasimportantasknowingwhentoeat.G.Apersondoinga30-minutesessionadaymaynothaveaproblemwithfastedworkouts.【答案】35.D36.C37.A38.F39.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章討論了進食鍛煉和快速鍛煉的優(yōu)缺點，告訴人們在做出選擇之前，徹底地考慮并與自己的健身教練討論。【35題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Somepeopleprefertohaveabitetoeatbeforehittingthegym,knownasafedworkout.Otherswouldliketowaituntilafterexercisingtorefueltheirbodies,calledafastedworkout.(有些人喜歡在去健身房之前先吃點東西，這被稱為“進食鍛煉”(fedworkout)。另一些人則喜歡等到運動結(jié)束后再給身體補充能量，這被稱為快速鍛煉。)”和下文“Manyexpertssaythere’snoeasyanswerbecauseitdependsontheperson.(許多專家說