2025屆高考英語二輪創(chuàng)新復(fù)習(xí)專題一第三節(jié)主旨大意題練習(xí)含解析

PAGE專題一第三節(jié)主旨大意題A(2024·宜春5月模擬)StrangeiceringsinSiberia'sLakeBaikalhavepuzzledscientistsfordecades，butnowthemysteryapparentlyhasbeensolved.Theanswer:theringsarecausedbywarm，circularcurrentsofwaterundertheice，callededdies(漩渦)．Theeddies'strongcurrentsmelttheiceattheedge，butweakeroneskeepthecenterfrozen.“Resultsofourfieldsurveysshowthattherearewarmeddiesthatcirculateinaclockwise(順時(shí)針的)directionundertheicecover，”saidAlexeiKouraev，ahydrologistattheUniversityofToulouse，inaNASAstatement.“Intheeddycenter，theicedoesnotmelt—eventhoughthewateriswarm—becausethecurrentsareweak，”hesaid.“Butontheeddyboundary，thecurrentsarestronger，andwarmerwaterleadstorapidmelting.”Duringfieldwork，Kouraevandhiscolleaguesdrilledholesneariceringsandsetsensorscapableofmeasuringthetemperatureandsalinity(鹽濃度)ofthewatertoadepthof700feet.Theyfoundthatthewaterintheeddieswas2to4warmerthanthesurroundingwater.MostoftheringsappearinMarchorAprilandhaveawidthofabout3to4miles—toobigtorecognizefromthegroundbuteasilyseenfromsatellitesabove.Someringswereephemeralwhileotherslastedforweeksorevenmonths.LakeBaikalistheworld'slargestanddeepestfreshwaterlake，accordingtoGizmodo.It'shometomanyvarietiesoffishnotseenanywhereelseintheworld，andevenapopulationoffreshwaterseals.ResearchersarestillinvestigatingwhatcausesBaikal'seddiesbutthinkit'slikelybecauseofwindpatterns，riversthatflowintothelakeandtheshapeofthelake'scoastlineandbottom.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。西伯利亞貝加爾湖多年的冰環(huán)之謎最終被解開了，答案就在于冰面下方的暖流漩渦；科學(xué)家們對(duì)漩渦的成因也有了初步推斷，正在進(jìn)一步的探究中。1．Whichwordcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“ephemeral”inParagraph4?A．Steady. B．Current.C．Fundamental. D．Temporary.解析：詞義揣測(cè)題。第四段該句中，while表示對(duì)比，ephemeral與lastedforweeksorevenmonths“長久的”意義相反，是“短暫的”；B項(xiàng)意為“現(xiàn)在的、目前的”，與“過去的(past)”和“將來的(future)”意義相對(duì)，所以不對(duì)。A、C則與while后文意義不能形成對(duì)比。答案：D2．Whyistheiceinthecenteroficeringsfrozenwhilethatattheedgeismelted?A．Becausethecenteroficeringsis2to4warmerthantheedge.B．Becausethecurrentsinthecenterarelesspowerful.C．Becauseitistoowidetoberecognizedorincited.D．Becausewaterinthecentercirculatesinaclockwisedirection.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。考查因果關(guān)系。從其次段第三句“Intheeddycenter，theicedoesnotmelt—eventhoughthewateriswarm—becausethecurrentsareweak”可知B項(xiàng)正確，因?yàn)榕鞑粔蚣贝?，所以造成只有冰的邊緣才能溶解的現(xiàn)象；A項(xiàng)偷換概念，從第三段最終一句可知漩渦水溫高于周邊水溫，不是冰環(huán)中心與邊緣溫差的比較，更不是題干緣由；C項(xiàng)同樣表述有誤，從第四段第一句可知其講解并描述的是mostoftherings，不是theiceinthecenteroficerings，而且答非所問；D項(xiàng)表述不精確，從其次段其次句可知，waterinthecenter應(yīng)改為warmeddies，并且不是冰環(huán)中心保持凍結(jié)的緣由。答案：B3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutLakeA．Theyarecausedbyhotandcircularcurrentsundertheice.B．TheiceinthecenterofLakeC．Researchersareuncertainabouttheexactreasonoftheeddies'existence.D．Lake解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。從文章最終一段可知C項(xiàng)正確。從最終一段第一句“ResearchersarestillinvestigatingwhatcausesBaikal'seddies...”可知Baikal'seddies的成因尚不明確，故A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，依據(jù)第一段其次句，A項(xiàng)可改為“theringsarecausedbywarm，circularcurrents...”；依據(jù)其次段第一句可知B項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤；依據(jù)第三段“Kouraevandhiscolleagues...setsensorscapableofmeasuringthetemperatureandsalinityofthewatertoadepthof700feet”可知D項(xiàng)偷換概念。答案：C4．Whatmaybethebesttitleforthepassage?A．What'sCausingtheGiantIceRingsinSiberia?B．TheMysteryoftheEddiesintheLakeC．TheLargestandDeepestFreshwaterLake—LakeD．WhyDoestheEdgeofanIceRingMeltFaster?解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。此文主要介紹了西伯利亞貝加爾湖多年的冰環(huán)之謎的答案在于冰面下方的暖流漩渦，所以選A。解答漩渦之謎，并非本文重點(diǎn)，只在最終提及而已，B項(xiàng)表述有誤；C項(xiàng)的范圍太大；D項(xiàng)范圍縮小，不足以概括文章。答案：AB(2024·河南九師聯(lián)盟5月聯(lián)考)Ithasbecomeahabitformanyofus.Whenyou'retiredofonlineshopping，youheadtothebathroomtodoyourbestmake-upfortheperfectselfies(自拍)forFacebook，Instagram，Snapchatoralloftheabove.Whenyou'reready，youholdupyourphoneand，inaninstant，snap(拍照)．Buthaveyoueverwonderedwhat'sbehindyourburningdesiretoself-document？Mostpeoplewouldsaythatthisisawaytoexpressthemselvesandperhapsmakethembecomemoreconfidentofthemselves.Butthemomentyouuploadthatpicture，it'snolongeryourstojudge.Instead，youpassonthatpowertotheonlineworld.Whileyoumaythinkthatyourgrowingcollectionofselfiesattractspeople，quitetheoppositemaybetrue.Arecentstudywasconductedonatotalof238peopleinAustria，GermanyandSwitzerland.77%ofthepeoplesurveyedadmittedtoregularlytakingselfies.Interestingly，82%ofpeoplesaidthattheywouldratherseefewerselfiesonsocialmedia.Inotherwords，weliketakingselfiesbutseriouslydislikelookingatotherpeople'sselfiesonline.Thisresearchfindsthatthereisabigdifferencebetweenhowweseeourownselfiesandhowwejudgeotherpeople'spictures.Itsuggeststhatwearecomfortablewiththeselfieswepostsincewebelievetheyareobviouslynotseriousorvain，butwethinkeveryoneelseisanegoist(自我主義者)fordoingtheverysamething.Afterall，weareabletoseparateourownselfiesfromtheseaofthemonlineandnaturallythinkthatoursaretheonlyauthenticones.So，thenexttimeyoureachforyourphoneandtakeaselfiepicture，considerthis:Thepeoplearoundyoumaynotneedanothercarefullyplannedsnapofyourface.Instead，youmightbebetteroff，givingitabreakandcallingofftheselfiephototoday.Whileyou'reatit，makesureyouneverpostthesepicturesonsocialmediaeither.[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文?，F(xiàn)在我們都喜愛自拍，然后發(fā)到社交網(wǎng)站上，并且我們認(rèn)為自己的自拍照會(huì)吸引別人。一項(xiàng)探討發(fā)覺，我們喜愛在社交網(wǎng)站看自己的自拍照，卻不喜愛看別人的自拍照，并且認(rèn)為他人的自拍照不真實(shí)。這個(gè)好玩的結(jié)論告知我們，即使我們喜愛自拍，也不要隨意將自拍照放到網(wǎng)上。5．Whatismostpeople'sideaontakingtheirownselfiesaccordingtothetext?A．It'sagoodwaytokeepothersinformedoftheirlife.B．Itcostslessmoneythanshoppingonlineformake-up.C．It'sawayofself-expressionandbuildingconfidence.D．Itcanhelpthemkeeparecordoftheirdailyroutines.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Buthaveyoueverwonderedwhat'sbehindyourburningdesiretoself-document？Mostpeoplewouldsaythatthisisawaytoexpressthemselvesandperhapsmakethembecomemoreconfidentofthemselves.”可知，大部分人認(rèn)為拍自拍照是一種表達(dá)自我和建立自信的方式。答案：C6．Howdootherpeoplefeelaboutouronlineselfiesthatweconsiderattractive?A．Theyactuallytakegreatinterestinthem.B．Theyenvyourlifeafterappreciatingthem.C．Theyarelikelyunwillingtoseethemonline.D．Theyhardlymakeannoyingreviewsonthem.解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Whileyoumaythinkthatyourgrowingcollectionofselfiesattractspeople，quitetheoppositemaybetrue.”及“Interestingly，82%ofpeoplesaidthattheywouldratherseefewerselfiesonsocialmedia.Inotherwords，weliketakingselfiesbutseriouslydislikelookingatotherpeople'sselfiesonline.”可推斷，別人可能不情愿在網(wǎng)上看到我們自認(rèn)為具有吸引力的自拍照。答案：C7．