上海市楊浦區(qū)2020-2021學(xué)年高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期中試題含解析

歡迎下載！祝您成績(jī)進(jìn)步，生活愉快！PAGEPAGE29上海市楊浦區(qū)2020-2021學(xué)年高三英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）考生注意:1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。2.本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂(選擇題)或?qū)?非選擇題)在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。3.務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Attheconstructionsite.B.Intheplayground.C.Intheoffice.D.Atthecentralstation.2.A.Leavetheofficeimmediately.B.Preparetheofficeforthetyphoon.C.Protectthefurniturefromthetyphoon.D.Shutdownalltheelectricappliances.3.A.Shewon'tbefooledbythelowprices.B.ShelikestheEuropeanbrandsmost.C.Theitemsaretooexpensiveforher.D.Thetopbrandsareunbelievablycheap.4.A.Heaskedeveryonetolookforhisphone.B.Heforgottoputhisphoneinthebackpack.C.Hehadaseriousmentalbreakdown:D.Hethoughthehadlosthisphone.5.A.Worried.B.Confident.C.ConfusedD.Reluctant.6.A.At7:30.B.At8:30.C.At8:00.D.At7:00.7.A.Windy.B.Snowy.C.Rainy.D.Foggy.8.A.Jennyneedstimetogetreadyforthejob.B.Jennydoesn'tlikehernewassignment.C.TheappointmentsurprisesJennygreatly.D.Theappointmentrequiresbeingonguard.9.A.Ericistakingatwo-dayleavefromwork.B.Eric'scompanyallowsaflexibleworkingmode.C.ErichasgonetoNewYorkforholiday.D.Eric'scompanyhasanoverseasofficeinNewYork.10.A.Heiscrazyaboutpopculture.B.Heusedtosupporttheband.C.Heneverstoppedlovingtheband.D.Hewroteanti-climatechangesongs.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.PretendingtobeaBatmanhelpsyougetthroughtoughtimes.B.Pretendingtobesomeoneelsehelpsyouforgetyourtrouble.C.Imaginingyourselftobeastrongfiguremakesyoufeelpowerful.D.BelievinginyourownstrengthgivesyouBatman'spower.12.A.Itrequiresspecializedtraining.B.Itismostusefulinexams.C.Itmainlyappliestochildren.D.Itworksbetterwithreallifefigures.13.A.Atiponhowtoovercomeanxiety.B.Asuggestiononhowtodealwithstrangers.C.Anoutlineofpsychologicalapplications.D.Adiscussionaboutasocialphenomenon.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage14.A.55B.3,000C.33,000D.23015.A.Hehaskeptarecordofthemovementsofbluewhalessince1966.B.Heintroducedthebanonthehuntingofbluewhalesin1966.C.Hethoughtthepopulationgrowthofbluewhaleswasrealandsignificant.D.Hethoughtthehighnumberofbluewhaleswasaone-timeoccurrence.16A.thereasonforbluewhales’extinction.B.Theproblemsfacingbluewhales'existence.C.Thehistoricsurveyofendangeredspecies.D.Thesurprisecomebackofbluewhales.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.TheITdepartmenthadlatelyreceivedareport.B.Mira'scomputerwasfoundtohavebeeninfectedwithavirus.C.SomeunusualonlineactivitywastracedtoMira'scomputer.D.TheITdepartmentwasinspectingthecomputerofficebyoffice.18.A.Sheupdatedtheoperatingsystem.B.Shestoredsomeimportantfiles.C.Shedeletedsomedownloadedstuff.D.Shefixedtheexternalstoragedevice.19.A.Colleagues.B.Bossandemployee.C.Friends.D.Technicianandclient.20.A.Itusuallyattacksjunke-mailsandpop-upads.B.Itcanbedetectedbythenewanti-virussoftware.C.Itisdifficultandtakesmuchtimetoremove.D.Itslowsdowntherecordingofonlineactivity.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.ForeignAccentSyndrome(綜合癥)31-year-oldEmily’slifechangedgreatlyinJanuary,whenamysteriousconditionleftherunabletospeakfortwomonths.She____1____(complain)aboutheadachesfortwoweeksbeforeonedayhercolleaguesthennoticedthatherspeechhadbecomeslowandunclear,bothindicatorsofastroke.___2___shewasrushedtothehospital,Emilyhadlostherabilitytospeakcompletely.Afterrunningsometests,doctorsruledoutthestroke,instead____3____(blame)hervoicelossonsomesortofbraininjury.Afterspendingthreeweeksinthehospital,Emilywasstillunabletospeakandreliedsolelyonbasicsignlanguageshehadpickedupatworkandatext-to-speechapponherphone____4____(communicate).Encouragedbyherdoctor,EmilywentonavacationinThailand.Afewdaysintothevacation,shestartedtospeakagain.How___5___(shock)itwaswhenEmilyoriginallynoticedherEasternEuropeanaccents,butevenmoresowhenshenoticedthatsometimesheraccentwouldchangeoutoftheblue,toPolish,ItalianandevenFrench.Althoughshedoesn’tknowthereason____6____mayhelpexplainhercondition,shehasnoticedthatithassomethingtodowithhowtiredsheis.InMarchof2020,shewasofficiallydiagnosedwith___7___wascommonlycalledForeignAccentSyndrome.“IwassoexcitedwhenmyvoicestartedcomingbackbutnowIdon’tevenrecognizethevoicethatcomesoutofmymouth,itdoesn’tsound____8____me,”Emilytoldthereporters.Nowhervoiceisback,butunfortunatelyshehastodealwithdiscrimination(歧視)frompeoplewhothinksheisanimmigrant,andhastakentimeoffworkbecausestress____9____onlymakeherconditionworse.Emily’scasesoundsshockinglysimilarto____10____ofMichelleMyers,anArizonawomanwhonevertraveledoutsideoftheUnitedStates,butwokeuptospeakinginmultipleaccents-British,IrishandAustralian-afterexperiencingsevereheadaches.ShetoowasdiagnosedwithForeignAccentSyndrome.【答案】1.hadcomplained2.Bythetime3.blaming4.tocommunicate5.shocking6.which/that7.what8.like9.can10.that【解析】這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了31歲的艾米麗患了一種名為“外國(guó)口音綜合癥”的病癥，導(dǎo)致她說(shuō)話的口音時(shí)常發(fā)生變化。【1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：她抱怨頭疼已經(jīng)有兩周了，直到有一天，她的同事發(fā)現(xiàn)她說(shuō)話速度變慢、不清楚，這都是中風(fēng)的征兆。根據(jù)后文“twoweeksbefore”可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生在“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。故填hadcomplained?！?題詳解】考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：當(dāng)艾米麗被緊急送往醫(yī)院時(shí)，她已經(jīng)完全喪失了說(shuō)話的能力。從句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，可知?jiǎng)幼靼l(fā)生有先后，可聯(lián)想到bythetime，表示“到……的時(shí)候”。句首單詞首字母要大寫。故填Bythetime?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在進(jìn)行了一些測(cè)試后，醫(yī)生排除了中風(fēng)的可能性，而是將她的失聲歸咎于某種腦損傷。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知blame在句中應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，與邏輯主語(yǔ)doctors構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填blaming?！?題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：在醫(yī)院呆了三周后，艾米麗仍然不能說(shuō)話，她只能依靠在工作中學(xué)會(huì)的基本手語(yǔ)和手機(jī)上的文本語(yǔ)音轉(zhuǎn)換應(yīng)用程序來(lái)交流。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知communicate在句中應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，且此處作目的狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用不定式。故填tocommunicate。【5題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：當(dāng)艾米麗最初注意到她的東歐口音時(shí)，她是多么震驚?。「屗痼@的是，她注意到有時(shí)她的口音會(huì)突然變成波蘭語(yǔ)、意大利語(yǔ)，甚至是法語(yǔ)。根據(jù)后文“itwas”可知此處作表語(yǔ)應(yīng)用形容詞，且主語(yǔ)為it，故應(yīng)用-ing結(jié)尾形容詞shocking。故填shocking?！?題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：雖然她不知道可能有助于解釋她的情況的原因，但她已注意到這與她有多累有關(guān)。此處為定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞reason，且先行詞在從句中，作主語(yǔ)，指物，故應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which或that引導(dǎo)。故填which/that?！?題詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：2020年3月，她被正式診斷出患有通常被稱為外國(guó)口音綜合癥的疾病。此處為賓語(yǔ)從句，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，指物，故應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填what?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：當(dāng)我的聲音開始恢復(fù)的時(shí)候，我非常興奮，但是現(xiàn)在我甚至都不認(rèn)識(shí)從我嘴里發(fā)出來(lái)的聲音，它聽起來(lái)不像我。結(jié)合句意表示“聽起來(lái)像”短語(yǔ)為soundlike。故填like?！?題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：現(xiàn)在，她的聲音恢復(fù)了，但不幸的是，她不得不面對(duì)那些認(rèn)為她是移民的人的歧視，她不得不請(qǐng)假，因?yàn)閴毫χ粫?huì)讓她的情況更糟。由stress作主語(yǔ)但謂語(yǔ)make為原形可知此處填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，再根據(jù)句意壓力會(huì)使她的情況更加惡化，可知應(yīng)用can。故填can?！?0題詳解】考查代詞。句意：艾米麗的情況聽起來(lái)和米歇爾·邁爾斯的情況驚人地相似。米歇爾·邁爾斯是亞利桑那州的一名婦女，她從未出過(guò)美國(guó)，但在經(jīng)歷了嚴(yán)重的頭痛后，她的口音有英國(guó)口音、愛爾蘭口音和澳大利亞口音。指代前面的case，應(yīng)用that。故填that。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.loweredB.administeringC.supportsD.scientificallyE.diagnosedF.originallyG.accessH.gapsI.expandingJ.rangingK.balloonCanFoodReplaceMedicine?IfFoodisindeedmedicine,thenit’stimetotreatitthatway.Inhisupcomingbook,EattoBeatDiseases,DrWilliamLi,aheartexpert,pullstogetheryearsofstoreddataandprocessesspecificdoses(劑量)offoodthatcantreatdiseases___11___fromamildcoldtocancer.Notalldoctorsagreethatthesciencesupports___12___foodlikedrugs,butheishopingtheideawillmotivatemoreresearcherstostudyfoodinwaysas___13___strictaspossibleandgeneratestrongerdataincomingyears.“Wearefarawayfromprescribing(開處方)dietstofightdiseases,”hesays.“Andwemaynevergetthere.Butwearelookingtofillinthe___14___thathavelongexistedinthisfieldwithrealscience.Thisisthebeginningofabettertomorrow.”Andtalkingaboutfoodintermsofdosesmightpushmoredoctorstofocusonpatients'grocerylistsinstead.Sofar,severalhundredpeoplewhorelyontheFreshFoodProgramhavehadtheirriskofseriousdiabetes(糖尿病)complications___15___by40%andhospitalizationscutby70%comparedwithotherdiabeticpeopleintheareawholack___16___totheprogram.Thisyear,onthebasisofitssuccesssofar,theFreshFoodProgramisdoublingthenumberofpatientsit___17___.Shicowichknowsfirsthandhowimportantthatwillbeforpeoplelikehim.Whenhewasfirst___18___,helostweightandcontrolledhisbloodsugar,buthefoundthosechangeshardtomaintainandsoonsawhisweight___19___andhisblood-sugarlevelsskyrocket.Hehasbecomeoneoftheprogram’sbetter-knownsuccessstories,andnowworksparttimeintheproducesectionofasupermarketandcooksnearlyallhismeals.He’s____20____hiscookingskillstoincludefish,whichhehadnevertriedpreparingbefore.“Iknowwhathealthyfoodlookslike,andIknowwhattodowithitnow,”hesays.“Withoutthisprogramandwithoutthesupportsystem,Iwillprobablystillbesittingonacouchwithaboxofbiscuits.”【答案】11.J12.B13.D14.H15.A16.G17.C18.E19.K20.I【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了食物是否能代替藥物治療疾病?！?1題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：心臟專家WilliamLi博士在他即將出版的新書《吃戰(zhàn)勝疾病》中，收集了多年的存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，并處理了特定劑量的食物，這些食物可以治療從輕度感冒到癌癥等各種疾病。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法可知，這里需要填寫一個(gè)現(xiàn)在分詞，而且句意為這種食物能夠治療的范圍是從普通感冒到癌癥，range的用法是sth.rangesfromAtoB“范圍從A到B”，符合文意，故選J?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：并不是所有的醫(yī)生都同意科學(xué)支持像管理藥物一樣管理食物，但他希望這個(gè)想法能激勵(lì)更多的研究人員以盡可能科學(xué)嚴(yán)格的方式研究食物，并在未來(lái)幾年產(chǎn)生更有力的數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法可知，這里需要一個(gè)形容詞來(lái)修飾foodlikedrugs，administeringfood固定搭配，可理解為“可服用的食物”。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意同上。這里選擇一個(gè)副詞來(lái)修飾strict這個(gè)形容詞，意思是研究人員需要用盡可能科學(xué)嚴(yán)格的方式去研究食物，scientificallystrict“科學(xué)方面嚴(yán)格的”，符合文意。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞。句意：但我們希望用真正的科學(xué)來(lái)填補(bǔ)這個(gè)領(lǐng)域長(zhǎng)期存在的空白。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法可知，這里需要填寫一個(gè)名詞，fillinthegaps“填補(bǔ)空白”，固定搭配，意為我們正在找辦法填補(bǔ)長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)存在的空白。故選H?！?5題詳解】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：到目前為止，數(shù)百名依賴于新鮮食品項(xiàng)目人，與該地區(qū)無(wú)法獲得該項(xiàng)目的其他糖尿病患者相比，他們患嚴(yán)重糖尿病并發(fā)癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了40%，住院率降低了70%。這里需要一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意可知，患糖尿病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了40%，所以用lowered。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查名詞。句意同上。這里需要名詞，have/lackaccessto“可以/不能利用”，根據(jù)文意可知，這個(gè)地區(qū)的糖尿病患者沒(méi)有途徑去接近這個(gè)項(xiàng)目。故選G?！?7題詳解】考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：今年，在目前成功的基礎(chǔ)上，生鮮食品計(jì)劃將其資助的病人數(shù)量增加了一倍。這里需要一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意可知，F(xiàn)reshFoodProgram使得它資助的病人數(shù)量翻倍了，support“資助”，符合文意。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：當(dāng)他第一次被診斷時(shí)，他減輕了體重，控制了血糖，但他發(fā)現(xiàn)這些變化很難維持，很快他就發(fā)現(xiàn)他的體重急劇膨脹，血糖水平飆升。這里需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ed形式，根據(jù)文意可知，當(dāng)他第一次被診斷的時(shí)候，他體重下去了，diagnose“診斷”。故選E?！?9題詳解】考查名詞。句意同上。weightballoon是固定搭配，可理解為因長(zhǎng)胖身體像球一樣，比較形象的表達(dá)。故選K。【20題詳解】考查名詞。句意：他將自己的烹飪技能擴(kuò)展到了以前從未嘗試過(guò)的魚。根據(jù)語(yǔ)法可知，這里需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式，expand“拓展”，意為他正在拓寬自己的做飯技能，包括做魚，這是他以前從來(lái)沒(méi)有做過(guò)的。故選I。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.TrackersonIceJustbecauseascientistputsaGPStrackingcollaronawildpolarbeardoesnotmeantheanimalwillwillinglykeepiton.___21___,thesehugecollarsarepurposefullyloosesothatifonebecomesannoying,abearcan___22___it.Butscientistshavenowfoundawaytousesignalsfromthediscarded(丟棄的)devices.“Thesedroppedcollars___23___wouldhavebeenconsideredgarbagedata,”saysNatashaKlappstein,apolarbearresearcherattheUniversityofAlberta.Sheandhercolleaguesinsteadused___24___fromsuchcollars,leftonseaiceinCanada'sHudsonBay,totracktheiceitself.Fortheirstudy,publishedinJuneinTheCryosphere,theresearchers___25___twentycollarsthatsentmovementdataconsistent(與······一致的)withicedriftratherthanpolarbear___26___between2005and2015.TheresultingrecordsofhowmeltingicetypicallydriftsinHudsonBayareunique;therearenoeasily___27___on-the-groundsensors,andsatelliteobservationsoftencannot___28___capturethemotionofsmallicesheets.Theteamcomparedthediscardedcollars'movementswithwidelyusedice-driftmodelingdatafromtheU.S.NationalSnowandIceDataCenter(NSIDC).CollardataindicatedthattheNSIDCmodelunderestimatesthespeedatwhichicemovesaroundinHudsonBay--aswellastheoverall___29___ofdrift.Overthecourseofseveralmonthsthemodelcoulddriftawayfromanicesheet'slocationbyafewhundredkilometers,theresearcherssay.Thismeansthebearsmaybeworkingharder,whenmovingagainstthedirectionoftheice,thanscientistshad____30____.“Sincewe'reunderestimatingthespeedofdrift,we'relikelyunderestimatingtheenergeticeffortofpolarbears,"saysNatashaKlappstein.Theresearchreveals____31____insight(洞悉)intohowhighlymobileicemoves.Asmeltingincreasesincomingyears,suchicewilllikelybecomemore____32____farthernorth,inthecentralArctic.ScientistshadknownNSIDCdatacouldunderestimatedriftspeeds,but“anytimewecanfindadata____33____,itisagoodthing.”Plus,suchdatacouldimprovepredictionsabouthowoilspillsorotherpollutantsmayspreadinseas____34____withdriftingice,saysWaltMeier,aseniorNSIDCresearchscientist,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Thefindingsmayeven____35____futureNSIDCmodels.“It'sareallynicedataset,”Meiersays."Andcertainlyonewe’lltakeconsideration.21.A.Infact B.Inaway C.Inaddition D.Intheend22.A.destroy B.remove C.resist D.reject23.A.particularly B.relevantly C.intentionally D.potentially24.A.estimates B.subjects C.measurements D.patents25.A.displayed B.identified C.justified D.preserved26.A.behavior B.habitat C.manner D.motion27.A.flexible B.favorable C.accessible D.changeable28.A.internally B.accurately C.securely D.independently29.A.extent B.damage C.trend D.limit30.A.agreed B.promised C.proved D.assumed31.A.immediate B.superior C.entire D.timely32.A.evident B.unique C.common D.realistic33.A.gap B.scan C.boom D.fit34A.replaced B.littered C.packed D.matched35.A.reverse B.resemble C.influence D.motivate【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.B26.D27.C28.B29.A30.D31.D32.C33.A34.B35.C【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了科學(xué)家通過(guò)被丟棄的項(xiàng)圈獲得數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)研究北極冰的移動(dòng)。【21題詳解】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，這些巨大的項(xiàng)圈是故意松開的，如果一個(gè)項(xiàng)圈讓熊覺得討厭，熊可能會(huì)把它取下來(lái)。A.Infact事實(shí)上；B.Inaway某種程度上；C.Inaddition另外；D.Intheend最后。根據(jù)上下文可知，科學(xué)家將GPS跟蹤項(xiàng)圈放在野生北極熊身上，并不意味著北極熊會(huì)愿意繼續(xù)使用它。后文表示實(shí)際情況，項(xiàng)圈是故意松開的，可以被北極熊摘下的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，這些巨大的項(xiàng)圈是故意松開的，這樣如果一個(gè)項(xiàng)圈讓熊覺得討厭，熊可能會(huì)把它取下來(lái)。A.destroy摧毀；B.remove移掉，脫下，摘下；C.resist抵抗，抵制；D.reject拒絕。此處表示北極熊不愿帶項(xiàng)圈時(shí)，項(xiàng)圈是可以被北極熊摘下的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：“這些掉下來(lái)的項(xiàng)圈很有可能被認(rèn)為是垃圾數(shù)據(jù)，”阿爾伯塔大學(xué)的北極熊研究人員娜塔莎·克拉普斯坦說(shuō)。A.particularly尤其；B.relevantly相關(guān)地；C.intentionally有意地；D.potentially有可能地。根據(jù)上文語(yǔ)境，由于項(xiàng)圈可以被松開，因此，這部分掉下來(lái)的項(xiàng)圈很有可能被認(rèn)為是垃圾數(shù)據(jù)。故選D項(xiàng)。24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，她和她的同事利用遺留在加拿大哈德遜灣的冰塊上留下的項(xiàng)圈上的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)追蹤冰塊本身。A.estimates估計(jì)；B.subjects主題；C.measurements測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)；D.patents專利。與上文garbagedata呼應(yīng)，根據(jù)本句中“fromsuchcollars”可知，在項(xiàng)圈上的應(yīng)該是測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在六月份發(fā)表在《冰凍圈》上的研究中，研究人員鑒定了20個(gè)項(xiàng)圈，它們?cè)?005年到2015年之間發(fā)送的運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)與冰層漂移而不是與北極熊的運(yùn)動(dòng)一致。A.displayed展示；B.identified識(shí)別，鑒定；C.justified證明合法；D.preserved保護(hù)。此處是出于研究目的，從四個(gè)選項(xiàng)來(lái)看只有identified最符合搭配。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在六月份發(fā)表在《冰凍圈》上的研究中，研究人員鑒定了20個(gè)項(xiàng)圈，它們?cè)?005年到2015年之間發(fā)送的運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)與冰層漂移而不是與北極熊的運(yùn)動(dòng)一致。A.behavior行為；B.habitat棲息地；C.manner方式、禮儀；D.motion運(yùn)動(dòng)。本題為單詞復(fù)現(xiàn)題。第8空所在的句子“andsatelliteobservationsoftencannotaccuratelycapturethemotionofsmallicesheets”中出現(xiàn)了motion。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：關(guān)于融化的冰如何在哈德遜灣典型漂移的結(jié)果記錄是獨(dú)特的：地面?zhèn)鞲衅鞑灰滋綔y(cè)，衛(wèi)星觀測(cè)常常無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確捕捉小冰原的運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.flexible靈活的；B.favorable贊許的；C.accessible易接近的、可理解的；D.changeable可改變的。根據(jù)“oftencannot”及“noeasily”可知，此處表示無(wú)法探測(cè)地面?zhèn)鞲衅?。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：關(guān)于融化的冰如何在哈德遜灣典型漂移的結(jié)果記錄是獨(dú)特的：地面?zhèn)鞲衅鞑灰滋綔y(cè)，衛(wèi)星觀測(cè)常常無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確捕捉小冰原的運(yùn)動(dòng)。A.internally內(nèi)部地；B.accurately精確地；C.securely安全地；D.independently獨(dú)立地。根據(jù)“capturethemotionofsmallicesheets”及“noeasily”可知，此處表示無(wú)法精確捕捉小冰原的運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：項(xiàng)圈數(shù)據(jù)表明，NSIDC模型低估了哈德遜灣海冰移動(dòng)的速度——以及漂移的總體范圍。A.extent范圍；B.damage毀壞；C.trend趨勢(shì)；D.limit限制。根據(jù)下文“Overthecourseofseveralmonthsthemodelcoulddriftawayfromanicesheet'slocationbyafewhundredkilometers”可知，此處指總體的漂移范圍。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這意味著北極熊在逆冰移動(dòng)的時(shí)候可能比科學(xué)家們想象的更加努力。A.agreed同意；B.promised保證；C.proved證明；D.assumed設(shè)想，假設(shè)。根據(jù)后文的“underestimating”可知，此處表示科學(xué)家的設(shè)想。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這項(xiàng)研究及時(shí)地揭示了高速移動(dòng)的冰是如何移動(dòng)的。A.immediate立刻的；B.superior更好的，上級(jí)的；C.entire整體的；D.timely及時(shí)的。從文章后面對(duì)于近年冰蓋變化的描述來(lái)看，此處是表達(dá)科學(xué)家對(duì)于冰蓋漂移發(fā)現(xiàn)的及時(shí)性。故選D項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：由于冰川融化在未來(lái)幾年會(huì)增加，這樣的冰塊在更北邊的地方可能會(huì)變得更常見。A.evident清晰可見的；B.unique獨(dú)一無(wú)二的；C.common普通的，常見的；D.realistic現(xiàn)實(shí)的。根據(jù)“Asmeltingincreasesincomingyears”推測(cè)，這樣的冰塊在北方更為常見。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)知道NSIDC的數(shù)據(jù)可能會(huì)低估漂移速度，但“任何時(shí)候我們都能發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)缺口，這是一件好事?！盇.gap缺口；B.scan掃描；C.boom（貿(mào)易和經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的）激增；D.fit（癲癇等的）突發(fā)，發(fā)作。根據(jù)“NSIDCdatacouldunderestimatedriftspeeds”和“itisagoodthing.”可知，這里指發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)缺口。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查過(guò)去分詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，未參與這項(xiàng)研究的NSIDC資深研究科學(xué)家WaltMeier說(shuō)：“這些數(shù)據(jù)可以改善對(duì)溢油或其他污染物如何在滿是浮冰的海洋中擴(kuò)散的預(yù)測(cè)。”A.replaced被替換的；B.littered散放的；C.packed被打包的；D.matched被配對(duì)的。此處“l(fā)itteredwithdriftingice”修飾“ocean”，為過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，意思為：滿是浮冰的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)甚至也許會(huì)影響未來(lái)的NSIDC模型。A.reverse逆轉(zhuǎn)；B.resemble類似，像；C.influence影響；D.motivate激勵(lì)。上文有提到模型和實(shí)際的差距，因此這項(xiàng)研究只能影響到新的模型，做出調(diào)整和改進(jìn)。故選C項(xiàng)。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread(A)Theterm"birdbrain"isfrequentlyusedtodescribeaperson'slackofintelligenceandgooddecision-makingability.However,somescientistsbelieveitshouldbeconsideredacompliment,giventhatmanybirdscanperformtasksthatwereonceconsideredsolelybyhumans.Theseincludemanufacturingandusingtools,solvingproblems,andplanningforfutureneeds.Now,Griffin,anAfricanGreyparrot,hasprovedthatbirdsmayevenpossessbettervisualmemoriesthanhumanadultsandchildren.Thestudy,ledbyHarvardProfessorHragPailian,hadtheparrotcompeteintheshellgameagainsttwenty-oneundergraduatestudentsandtwenty-one6-to8-year-oldchildren.Thepopularchallengeinvolveshidingasmallobjectunderoneofthree,ormore,invertedcupsornutshells,whicharemovedaround.Participantsarerequiredtoaccuratelyidentifythecupunderwhichtheobjectlies.TheHarvardteambeganbyplacingdifferent-coloredballsunderfourcupsandmovingthemaround.Tomakethetaskmorechallenging,theresearchersrequiredparticipantstotracktwo,three,andfourballsatthesametime.Thecuppositionsweremovedbetweenzerotofourtimesforeachofthecombinations.AnanalysisoftheresultsshowedthatGriffinoutperformedthe6-to8-year-oldsacrossalllevelsonaverage.Evenmoreimpressive,the"birdbrain"performedaswellas,orslightlybetterthan,the21Harvardstudentson12ofthe14trials!Itwasonlyinthefinaltwotests,whichhadthemostballsandmostmovement,thattheparrotfellbehindtheadults.However,Griffin'sperformanceneverfellbelowthatofthechildren.Thefunexperimentwasconductedtotestthebrain'sabilitytorecallmemoriesofthingsthatarenolongerinviewandthenupdatethemwhenfacedwithnewinformation,likeachangeinlocation.Thevisualworkingmemory,isoneofthefoundationsforintelligentbehavior.Griffinwasthecandidateofchoicebecausethescientistsneededananimalthatwasevolutionarilydifferentforcomparisonbuthadabrainfunctionalitysimilartothatofhumans.Thefactthatthesmartparrotlovestoshowoffhisbrainpower,inexchangeforafewnuts,didnothurteither.36.BirdscandothefollowingtasksEXCEPT.A.usingtools B.solvingproblems C.identifyingobjects D.countingnumbers37.Intheexperiment,theparticipantsweresupposedto.A.distinguishtheballsandthecupsbasedonthecolorB.tellhowmanytimesthecoloredballsweremovedaroundC.indicatethelocationsoftheballsbytrackingtheirmovementD.countthenumberofballcombinationsandidentifytheirpositions38.WhatisthefindingofthestudyledbyHarvardprofessorHragPailian?A.Birds'brainiscapableofupdatinginformationconstantly.B.Birdsaregoodatdealingwithgame-likechallenges.C.Birdshavehigherlevelofintelligencethanchildren.D.Birdshavebettervisualmemoriesthanpreviouslythought.39.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Birdsgenerallylovetocompeteandshowoff.B.Birds’brainpowerusedtobeunderestimated.C.Birds’brainevolvedthewayhumansdid.D."Birdbrain"isusedasacomplimentnowadays.【答案】36.D37.C38.D39.B【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)許多鳥類能夠完成曾經(jīng)被認(rèn)為只有人類才能完成的任務(wù)。文章主要介紹了這一研究的開展過(guò)程以及研究中關(guān)于鳥類的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theseincludemanufacturingandusingtools,solvingproblems,andplanningforfutureneeds.(這些包括制造和使用工具，解決問(wèn)題，以及計(jì)劃未來(lái)的需求)”以及第二段中“Participantsarerequiredtoaccuratelyidentifythecupunderwhichtheobjectlies.(參賽鳥必須準(zhǔn)確地辨認(rèn)出物品所在的杯子)”可知使用工具、解決問(wèn)題、識(shí)別物體都是鳥類能做到的，除了D選項(xiàng)“數(shù)數(shù)”文章沒(méi)有提到。故選D?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Tomakethetaskmorechallenging,theresearchersrequiredparticipantstotracktwo,three,andfourballsatthesametime.(為了使這項(xiàng)任務(wù)更具挑戰(zhàn)性，研究人員要求參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的鳥同時(shí)追蹤兩個(gè)、三個(gè)和四個(gè)球)”可知，參與實(shí)驗(yàn)的鳥需要追蹤球的移動(dòng)而給球定位。故選C?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thefunexperimentwasconductedtotestthebrain'sabilitytorecallmemoriesofthingsthatarenolongerinviewandthenupdatethemwhenfacedwithnewinformation,likeachangeinlocation.Thevisualworkingmemory,isoneofthefoundationsforintelligentbehavior.(這個(gè)有趣的實(shí)驗(yàn)是為了測(cè)試大腦回憶不再在視野中的事物，并在面對(duì)新信息比如位置變化時(shí),更新它們的能力。視覺工作記憶是智力行為的基礎(chǔ)之一)”可知，哈佛大學(xué)教授HragPailian的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥類的視覺記憶比之前認(rèn)為的要好。故選D?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theterm"birdbrain"isfrequentlyusedtodescribeaperson'slackofintelligenceandgooddecision-makingability.(人們常用"鳥腦"來(lái)形容一個(gè)人缺乏智慧和良好的決策能力)”可推知，鳥類的腦力過(guò)去常常被低估。故選B。ZB40.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTUREabout11-DAYTourofUZBEKISTAN?A.Itdoesn’tcoverallaccommodation.B.Itfeaturessmall-grouptour.C.FlightsarebookedthroughWildFrontiers.D.Itprovideshomestaywiththelocals.41.AlltheinformationaboutthetwotoursisincludedintheadvertisementEXCEPT_____.A.departuredate B.mainattractions C.price D.flightinformation42.Thepurposeoftheadvertisementisto__________.A.comparetwooptionsoftheSilkRoadadventure.B.highlighttheculturalaspectoftheadvertisedtoursC.providedetailedinformationabouttheadvertisedtoursD.promoteaneco-friendlywayoftouringtheSilkRoad【答案】40.B41.D42.C【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了絲綢之路之旅的兩條線路?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)What’sIncluded中Allaccommodation(全部的住宿)可知，選項(xiàng)A的描述錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)What’sIncluded中“Smallgroupsize,withamaximumof18people”（小型旅游團(tuán)，最多不超過(guò)18人。）可知，選項(xiàng)B的描述正確；C和D選項(xiàng)在文章并沒(méi)有相關(guān)說(shuō)明。故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題，從表格中對(duì)twotours的介紹中可以看出，這個(gè)旅行項(xiàng)目介紹了線路，價(jià)格，出發(fā)時(shí)間，但并沒(méi)有包含航班信息，故選D?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題和主要內(nèi)容，可以看出廣告的重點(diǎn)是介紹絲綢之路之旅的細(xì)節(jié)信息，包括介紹了絲綢之路的由來(lái)和特點(diǎn)、不同旅游團(tuán)的特點(diǎn)以及theadventure所主要包含的內(nèi)容。由此判斷出，廣告的目的是提供有關(guān)所宣傳的旅游的詳細(xì)信息。故選C。(C)In2013Mr.Baugherplanted7,000Fujiappletreesintheorchard(果園).Threeyearslater,justwhenthetreesshouldhavebeenbearingfruit,henoticedthatafewofthemhadyellowleaves.Withinweekstheyweredead.Thenextyear，theproblemspreadtomorethanafewtrees.Bylastyear,2,000ofMrBaugher’s7,000newtreesweredead.Mr.Baugherhastheworstcaseof"rapidappledecline"(RAD)inthecounty,butheisnotalone.ThemysteriousdiseasehasbeentroublinggrowersacrossAmerica'snortheastforatleastsixyears.KariPeter,afruit-treespecialistfirstobservedmassivedie-offsinherresearchorchardin2013.Shecameupwiththeterm"RAD".Butherattemptstoexplainithavenotproducedmuchfruit.Theusualreasonsforthedeathoftree-mouldinfestation,aknownvirus,disease,anearlyfrost-didn'tfitsymptoms.Herinvestigationonlyruledthingsout.Thedeadtreestendtobeyounger:twotoeight-years-old.Theyarenearingheprimeofproduction.Dwarftrees,whicharecommonlyusedbycommercialgrowers,seemtobethemostsubject.Historically,orchardsheld600-700appletreesanacre,butmostarenowhighproducingdwarftrees,whicharemorecompact.Growersplant1,200-1,500treesperacre.WorkingwiththeDepartmentofAgricultureKanfoundanewhiddenapplevirusintheinfectedtrees.Buttheycannotbesureifthisnewvirushasanyconnectionwiththedecline.ResearchersatCormellUniversityfoundthatseverecoldfollowedbydrought(旱災(zāi))couldhaveweakenedthetreesleavingthemsubjecttoviruses.Otherscientiststhinkthatherbicidesmaybetoblame.DanDonahue,afruit-treespecialistsaysitcouldbeanyorallofthosetheories.Inarecentsampling,hefoundthat64%ofyoungtreeshadhiddenviruses.Thesedonotshowsymptoms,buttheycouldaffectvitality.Older,largerappletreeswerebetteratshruggingofftheviruses.RADisabigworryfortheapplegrowers.Customertasteischanging.TraditionalvarietieslikeRedDeliciousarenolongeracustomerfavourite,sogrowersarehavingtoinvestinnewvarieties.Fewoftheorchardgrowersareabletoabsorbtheeconomiclosses.Mr.BaugherfoundsomereliefintheTreeAssistanceProgramme,throughwhichthefederalgovernmentprovidesfinancialassistancetoorchard-ownerswhosetreesaredamagedbynaturaldisasters.Thesuddendeathofappletreesmaynotseemasdramaticasahurricane,butitisperhapsevenmoredangerous.Americanshavegivenconsiderablymorebeforeinthedefenseofapplepie.43.Theunderlinedword"compact"isclosestinmeaningto.A.complex B.dense C.remote D.regular44.WhatcanbelearnedaboutKariPeter?A.IttookhersixyearstocomeupwiththetermRAD.B.Herresearchledtoabreakthroughinapplecultivation.C.Shefailedtofindoutthedefinite