人教版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義必修二　Unit3Computers

第一部分必修二Unit3puters1.通過(guò)本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，了解計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷程及其在當(dāng)今社會(huì)的廣泛應(yīng)用。2.用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的理由闡述和做出決定。Wearefacedwithuniversaltechnologicalrevolution.Wearesurroundedbyputers.Weusecalculatortosolvemathsquestion,whichmakescalculatingeasier.Withthehelpofputers,wecandealwithelectronicmailsandexploretheworld.AI(artificialintelligence)hassimplifiedourlifeinaway.Inreality,almosteveryyoungpersonhasamobilephone.Thetotalsumisamazing.TheyuseitsurfontheInternet.Personally,weshoulduseourphoneslogically.Asaresult,ourfinancedevelopmentriseslikearocket.Theappearanceofputersischangingpeople'scharacter.Someyoungchildrensuchasmyniecehavebeennaughtier.Parentshavetofindwaystowatchthemover.Anyhow，ourgoalistogoafterhappiness.Theapplicationofputerssignalstheprogressofhumanrace.1.solvevt.解決；解答2.asaresult結(jié)果3.anyhowadv.(也作anyway)無(wú)論如何；即使如此4.signalvi.&vt.發(fā)信號(hào)n．信號(hào)5.inaway在某種程度上6.withthehelpof在……的幫助下7.dealwith處理；安排；對(duì)付8.watchover看守；監(jiān)視1.我們用計(jì)算器計(jì)算數(shù)學(xué)題，這些計(jì)算器讓我們的計(jì)算變得更加簡(jiǎn)單。Weusecalculatorstosolvemathsquestion,whichmakescalculatingeasier.2.在計(jì)算機(jī)的幫助下，我們可以處理電子郵件，也可以探索世界。Withthehelpofputers，wecandealwithelectronicmailsandexploretheworld.3.就我個(gè)人而言，我們應(yīng)該合理使用。Personally,weshoulduseourphoneslogically.★calculatevt.計(jì)算★simplifyvt.簡(jiǎn)化★sumn．總數(shù)；算術(shù)題；金額★revolutionn．革命★artificialadj.人造的；假的★intelligencen．智力；聰明；智能★personaladj.私人的；個(gè)人的；親自的★tuben．管；管子；電子管★totaladj.總的；整個(gè)的n．總數(shù)；合計(jì)★applicationn．應(yīng)用；用途；申請(qǐng)★financen．金融；財(cái)經(jīng)★mobileadj.可移動(dòng)的；機(jī)動(dòng)的★rocketn．火箭★goaln．目標(biāo)；目的；球門；(進(jìn)球)得分★happinessn．幸福；快樂★humanrace人類★explorevt.&vi.探索；探測(cè)；探究★typen．類型vt.&vi.打字★coachn．教練★arisevi.(arose,arisen)出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生★electronicadj.電子的★appearancen．外觀；外貌；出現(xiàn)★charactern．性格；特點(diǎn)★mopn．拖把vt.用拖把拖；擦★naughtyadj.頑皮的；淘氣的★niecen．侄女；外甥女★universaladj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的★operatorn．(電腦)操作員；接線員★logicallyadv.邏輯上；合邏輯地★technologicaladj.科技的★intelligentadj.智能的；聰明的★realityn．真實(shí)；事實(shí)；現(xiàn)實(shí)一、重點(diǎn)單詞需牢記1.solvevt.解決；解答Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecansolveit.在解決問(wèn)題之前我們需要探明問(wèn)題的根源所在。solveproblem/question解決問(wèn)題solutionn．解決；解答，解決辦法find/offer/seek/workoutasolution找到/提出/尋找/得出解決的方法makeasolutionof制造……溶液reachasolution得到解決Thesolutiontotheproblemrequiredmanyhours.解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要好幾個(gè)小時(shí)。2.anyhowadv.無(wú)論如何；即使如此Itmayrain,butanyhow/anywayIshallgoout.天可能要下雨，但無(wú)論如何我都要出門。anyhow可以與anyway互換，且后者更常用辨析anyhow，somehow與somewhatanyhow意為“無(wú)論如何”，相當(dāng)于anyway/atanyrate；somehow意為“以某種方式”或“由于某種原因”；somewhat意為“從某種意義上講；有幾分”。Idon'tknowifitwaslostorstolen;anyhow/anyway,it'sgone.我不知道它是丟了還是被偷了，不管怎么說(shuō)，它沒了。Hecouldhavefinisheditonschedule,butsomehowhefellbehind.他本能按預(yù)定進(jìn)度做完這件事，但不知怎么落后了。Iamsomewhattiredofthisbook.我對(duì)這本書有點(diǎn)厭煩。3.signalvi.&vt.發(fā)信號(hào)n．信號(hào)Shesignaledthatshewasabouttoturnleft.她打信號(hào)燈表示她就要轉(zhuǎn)到左面去了。Wepickedupsignalsforhelpfromtheburningplane.我們接收到那架著火的飛機(jī)發(fā)出的求救信號(hào)。IfyoucalledmyofficeSaturdaymorning,youwouldhavegottenabusysignal.你要是周六早上給我辦公室打，你就能聽到占線的聲音。signalwith...用……發(fā)信號(hào)signaltosb./sth.forsth.用信號(hào)傳達(dá)(某信息)give/makeasignal發(fā)信號(hào)putup/sendasignal發(fā)信號(hào)4.arisevi.(arose,arisen)出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生arisefrom/outof產(chǎn)生于，起因于arise，rise與raisearise主要表示“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生，呈現(xiàn)”等含義。主語(yǔ)一般為抽象名詞，如problem，trouble，quarrel，misunderstanding，difficulty等。rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，常指的是太陽(yáng)、月亮、星星的升起，也有“出現(xiàn)；上漲”之意。raise是一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞，意為“升起(旗幟)；提高；飼養(yǎng)”。二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)需精通1.asaresult結(jié)果Hemadeabigmistake,and,asaresult,losthisjob.＝Hemadeabigmistake.Asaresult,helosthisjob.他犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)，結(jié)果丟了工作。asaresult是副詞短語(yǔ)，單獨(dú)使用，表示“結(jié)果；因此”；asa/theresultof在句中特指引起某種結(jié)果的原因時(shí)，用定冠詞代替不定冠詞。resultfrom由……引起；由于(意思等同于liein)resultin結(jié)果；導(dǎo)致(意思等同于leadto)2.inaway在某種程度上InawayIcanseewhatyoumean,eventhoughIdon'tshareyourpointofview.盡管我跟你的看法不一樣，但在一定程度上我是能理解你的意思的。alltheway一路上，一直；完全bytheway順便地，附帶說(shuō)說(shuō)bywayof路經(jīng)，途經(jīng)noway不行，絕不3.dealwith處理；安排；對(duì)付；論述；涉及Youhavedealtwiththesubjectontherightlines,butyouressayislackingindetail.你處理這一課題的原則是對(duì)的，但文章缺乏細(xì)節(jié)。Beingprepared,weshallbeabletodealproperlywithallkindsofplicatedsituations.有了準(zhǔn)備，我們才能恰當(dāng)?shù)貞?yīng)付各種復(fù)雜的局面。(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換Idon'tknowwhattheydowiththeproblem.＝Idon'tknowhowthey__deal__with__theproblem.Thereisnospacetodealwithsuchdetailsinthearticle.這篇文章沒有篇幅來(lái)論述這樣的細(xì)節(jié)。(1)dowith表示“處置”“忍受”“相處”“有關(guān)”等。dowith常與連接代詞what連用；(2)dealwith常與連接副詞how連用。4.watchover看守；監(jiān)視Couldyouwatch(over)myclotheswhileIhaveaswim?我游泳時(shí)你能幫我看著我的衣服嗎？watchout(for)當(dāng)心，注意watchforsb./sth.觀察；等待keepawatchon監(jiān)視onwatch值班undertheclosewatch在嚴(yán)密監(jiān)視下watchone'stime等待時(shí)機(jī)morningwatch早班值勤 三、重點(diǎn)句式能熟用1.IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.我發(fā)育緩慢，差不多到了兩百年之后，查爾斯·巴比奇才把我制成了一臺(tái)分析機(jī)。本句中的before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“在……之前”，before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，又可以根據(jù)不同語(yǔ)境靈活運(yùn)用。具體用法如下：(1)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could連用。從句為肯定形式，譯成“還沒來(lái)得及就”；(2)Itwas＋時(shí)間段＋before...表示“過(guò)了多久后才……”，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；(3)Itwasnotlongbefore...表示“沒過(guò)多久就……”，從句常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；(4)Itwillbe＋時(shí)間段＋before...表示“要過(guò)多久之后才……”，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；(5)Itwillnotbe＋時(shí)間段＋before...表示“用不了多久就會(huì)……”，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2.AndmymemorybecamesolargethatevenIcouldn'tbelieveit!我的記憶能力變得如此巨大，甚至連我自己都不能相信！本句中的so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)so＋adj.(adv.)＋that...so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，此處so是副詞。常見用法：so＋adj./adv.＋thatso＋adj.a(n)＋n.＋thatso＋many/few＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋thatso＋much/little＋不可數(shù)名詞＋thatHehadsolittleeducationthathewasunfitforthisjob.他所受教育很少，不適合做這個(gè)工作。(2)so＋adj.＋a/an＋單數(shù)名詞＋that...Tomissocleveraboythateveryonelikeshim.湯姆是那么聰明的一個(gè)孩子，以至于人們都喜歡他。such...that...意為“如此……以至于……”，也可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，此處such是形容詞，一般用來(lái)修飾名詞(單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù))。such...that...常見用法：such＋a(n)＋adj.＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞＋thatsuch＋adj.＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞＋that 四、話題寫作多積累訓(xùn)練八：寫科普產(chǎn)品類說(shuō)明文科普類產(chǎn)品的介紹的話題一般是與生活緊密相關(guān)的事物，如互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、城市交通、、自然環(huán)境、動(dòng)物等，一般是說(shuō)明文。所選的內(nèi)容一般是我們平常再熟悉不過(guò)的東西，這一類的作文應(yīng)該是考生們得心應(yīng)手的。題目一般是提綱式說(shuō)明文，考生只要把所給要點(diǎn)逐條陳述，適度發(fā)揮，不要逐條翻譯即可。本文可分兩段來(lái)寫。先描述產(chǎn)品給我們的生活帶來(lái)的便利，在各方面應(yīng)用這種產(chǎn)品，再寫人們過(guò)度使用這類產(chǎn)品可能產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面影響。注意描述時(shí)，要條理清楚，句子連貫。用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。在平時(shí)要增加閱讀報(bào)紙、雜志、英語(yǔ)讀物，從而提高閱讀能力。要注意擴(kuò)大詞匯量，提高語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，避免詞窮的窘境，還要熟悉熱門話題，開拓思路，培養(yǎng)語(yǔ)感及英語(yǔ)思維習(xí)慣。1.審題：審清作文體裁(類型)、時(shí)態(tài)、人稱等細(xì)節(jié)；分幾段，以及每段大體內(nèi)容；2.列提綱(文章結(jié)構(gòu)框架)；3.寫作：在提綱的基礎(chǔ)上加上關(guān)聯(lián)詞補(bǔ)充要點(diǎn)；4.復(fù)查：靠語(yǔ)感檢查語(yǔ)句是否通順、連貫等；(兩遍：第一遍檢查拼寫、語(yǔ)法、標(biāo)點(diǎn)等問(wèn)題；第二遍默讀)5.謄抄：不允許做任何更改。綜上所述，可以歸結(jié)為：三審：體裁、時(shí)態(tài)、人稱；三思：詞匯→短語(yǔ)→句式；三查：要點(diǎn)、拼寫和語(yǔ)法、連貫?！纠?】用solve的適當(dāng)形式填空①Withthehelpofhisfriends,hefinally__solved__theproblem.②Therearestillmanyproblems__to__be__solved__beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.③Weareexpectingtoseethetrafficproblem__solved__．④Theyhelpyoutalkthroughyourproblemsbuttheydon'tgiveyouany__solutions__．solutionofsaltinwater鹽的水溶液solutionto解決……的辦法，……的解決辦法【例2】用somehow，anyhow或者somewhat完成句子①無(wú)論如何，我今天都要完成這項(xiàng)工作。Anyhow,__Imustfinishthisjobtoday.②我原以為我認(rèn)得路，但不知怎么迷路了。IthoughtIknewtheway,but__somehow__Igotlost.③抱歉，恐怕我們稍微遲到了一會(huì)。Sorry,Iamafraidwehavearrived__somewhat__late.1．a(chǎn)nyhow常用來(lái)表示已經(jīng)說(shuō)過(guò)的事無(wú)關(guān)緊要，重要的是下面要說(shuō)的話。2．a(chǎn)nyhow還可用于繼續(xù)講述故事或交談中改變?cè)掝}，表示“不論用何種方法，無(wú)論從什么角度”。3．a(chǎn)nyhow不用于比較等級(jí)?！纠?】(1)用signal的適當(dāng)形式填空①She__signaled__tothecarsbehindthattheyweregoingthewrongway.②Thisnewpay－TVchannelsends__signals__viasatellitetocablepanies.③Thejudge__signaled__toapoliceofficerandthemanwasledaway.(2)用symbol，sign或signal的適當(dāng)形式填空①我們用X表示一個(gè)未知數(shù)。WeuseXasthe__symbol__foranunknownquantity.②告示牌上寫著“禁止停車”。The__sign__says“ParkingForbidden”.③信號(hào)機(jī)是紅色時(shí)，火車必須停駛。Thetrainmuststopwhenthe__signal__isred.signalfor為(某事)而發(fā)信號(hào)signalforhelp發(fā)信號(hào)求救signalwithflags用旗子當(dāng)信號(hào)catchthesignal捕捉到那信號(hào)receivesignals接收信號(hào)symbol，sign與signalsymbol指作象征或表達(dá)某種深邃意蘊(yùn)的特殊事物。sign指人們公認(rèn)事物的記號(hào)，也可指某種情況的征兆。signal指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出的信號(hào)?！纠?】用arise的適當(dāng)形式填空①Arethereanymatters__arising__fromtheminutesofthelastmeeting?②Problems__arose__overplanstobuildanewsupermarkethere.③Ifwewanttoconsiderhowlife__arose__wehavetolookbackafurtherthousandmillionyears.④Someconfusion__has__arisen__asaresultofthenewsystem.【例1】用result的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)完成句子①Itwasrainingheavily.__As__a__result,__thesportsmeetingwasputoff.②Thesportsmeetingwasputoff__as__a__result__of__theheavyrain.③Hisfailure__resulted__from__hiscarelessness.＝Hiscarelessness__resulted__in__hisfailure.【例2】用way的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空①__By__the__way,__haveyouseenmykeysanywhere?②There's__no__way__I'llevergetmarriedagain.③Hestays__all__the__way__inthegame.④I'dliketosaysomething__by__way__of__introduction.【例3】(1)用dealwith的適當(dāng)形式填空①Thenovel__deals__with__theromanticstoriesofherearlylife.②Herethesubjectmay__be__dealt__with__underfourheadings.③Ishouldbeverycautiouswhile__dealing__with__thatfellow.【例4】用watch的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空①Youmust__keep__a__good__watch__for/watch__out__for__wildanimals.②Heaskedmeto__watch__out__for__hisunclewhowouldbewearingagreensuit.③__Watch__for__ournewimprovedproduct,whichwillbeonthemarketnextweek!④Theyusespeciallytraineddogsto__watch__over__theirsheepatnight.【例1】完成句子①我還沒來(lái)得及插話他就為我量好了尺寸。BeforeIcouldgetinaword，hehadmeasuredme.②過(guò)了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間我才了解到真相。__It__was__some__time__before__Irealizedthetruth.③沒過(guò)多久她就成了一名勇敢的戰(zhàn)士。__It__wasn't__long__before__shebecameabravesolider.④這種狀況或許要過(guò)許多年才能得以改善。__It__will__be__many__years__before__thesituationimproves.⑤不久我們就會(huì)習(xí)慣新學(xué)校的生活。__It__will__not__be__long__before__wegetusedtothenewschoollife.【例2】(1)完成句子你作文中的拼寫錯(cuò)誤太多了，以至于我讀不明白你在寫什么。Thereare__so__many__spellingmistakesinyourposition__that__Ican'tunderstandwhatyouarewritingabout.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換①天氣如此冷，大家都穿上大衣了。Itwassuchacolddaythateverybodyputontheirovercoats.＝Itwas__so__cold__a__day__that__everybodyputontheirovercoats.＝Itwas__so__coldthateverybodyputontheirovercoats.②這演講枯燥無(wú)味，聽得我都睡著了。ItwassuchaboringspeechthatIfellasleep.＝Itwas__so__boring__a__speech__thatIfellasleep.(2018屆河北邯鄲月考)鼠標(biāo)是計(jì)算機(jī)時(shí)代最佳的人機(jī)交互工具之一。它極大地方便了人們的計(jì)算機(jī)操作。但是，過(guò)分依賴鼠標(biāo)也會(huì)帶來(lái)一些不利影響。請(qǐng)你以鼠標(biāo)為切入點(diǎn)，根據(jù)下表所提示的信息，用英語(yǔ)寫一篇短文。鼠標(biāo)的必要性對(duì)多數(shù)人來(lái)說(shuō)，操作計(jì)算機(jī)，上網(wǎng)沖浪……鼠標(biāo)的便捷性編輯文本，搜索信息……點(diǎn)擊、移動(dòng)、插入、收發(fā)郵件，選購(gòu)商品……拷貝、刪除……點(diǎn)播音樂，電影……如果過(guò)分依賴鼠標(biāo)……(請(qǐng)考生結(jié)合自身感受，列舉兩到三點(diǎn))注意：1．對(duì)所給要點(diǎn)逐一陳述，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，不要簡(jiǎn)單翻譯。2．詞數(shù)150左右。開頭已經(jīng)寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。3．作文中不得提及考生所在學(xué)校和本人姓名。Themouseisamosteffectivedeviceusedbypeopletomunicatewithaputer.Formostpeople,it'salmostimpossibletooperateaputerwithoutamouse,letalonesurftheInternet.Awell－chosenmouseisreallyhandy,flexibleandconvenientincontrollingthescreen.Withthefunctionsofinserting,deleting,movingandcopying,itenablesustoedittest,browsewebpageanddownloadwhatwewant.Itcanevenbringusafloodofmusic,moviesandPCgames.Justimagineallthiscanbedonewithacutemouse.Aconvenienttoolcancertainlymakeourworkeasier,butitdoesn'talwayshelpinapositiveway.Toomuchreadyinformationonourfingertipsleaveslittleroomforknowledgepursuing.Toomanyreadyanswersmakeuslessexcitedinfindingtruth.Relyingtoomuchonmouseclickingmakesuslazierandlesscreativebothmentallyandphysically.1.給的信息較多，但是考生不能進(jìn)行生硬翻譯；2.盡量使自己的文章生動(dòng)有趣?？枷蛞辉谡Z(yǔ)法填空中設(shè)題(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)As________result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.【答案】a考查固定表達(dá)。asaresult意為“結(jié)果”，與上一句之間形成因果關(guān)系?？枷蚨喿x理解中考查“科普類”話題(2017全國(guó)卷I,D)Abuild－it－yourselfsolarstill(蒸餾器)isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU．S.DepartmentofAgriculture,it'sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarrythenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.Theonlyponentsrequired,though,area5′×5′sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossandthreefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethe__water__catcher'sproductivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplacesothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup—andout—thesideofthehole.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone(圓錐體)with45－degree－angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates(蒸發(fā))andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,andfalloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthroughthetube,andwon'thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?A.It'sdelicate.B.It'sexpensive.C.It'splex.D.It'sportable.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher”inParagraph2referto?A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.3.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?A.Digaholeofacertainsize.B.Putthecupinplace.C.Weightthesheet'scenterdown.D.Covertheholewiththeplasticsheet.4.Whenasolarstillworks,dropsofwatereintothecupfrom________．A.theplastictubeB.outsidetheholeC.theopenairD.beneaththesheet 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】文章介紹了用自制的太陽(yáng)能蒸餾器取得飲用水的好方法。1.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段第三句和第一段最后一句都說(shuō)明這種太陽(yáng)能蒸餾器是可以隨身攜帶的。2.B指代關(guān)系題。第二段第一句就提到了Toconstructaworkingstill(為了讓一個(gè)蒸餾器工作)，而此句的productivity(生產(chǎn)率)更是提供了答案的提示。3.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第二、三段詳細(xì)講述了安裝太陽(yáng)能蒸餾器的方法和步驟，第三段第一句說(shuō)明在塑料布的中間放一塊石頭是最后一個(gè)步驟。4.D推理判斷題。這個(gè)題目首先要求我們正確理解安裝太陽(yáng)能蒸餾器的方法和步驟，最后一段提到地下的水蒸發(fā)后被塑料布收集在其里面了，越積越多，然后在塑料布上形成水滴，最后滴在下面的杯子里，因此水是在塑料布的里面形成的。計(jì)策1：熟悉大綱內(nèi)要求的所有固定搭配計(jì)策2：結(jié)合語(yǔ)境判斷所屬的邏輯關(guān)系計(jì)策1：首句是個(gè)切入口文章首句一般介紹了文章的主要內(nèi)容，是統(tǒng)領(lǐng)整篇文章的中心，也是深入理解文章的基礎(chǔ)。因此，考生應(yīng)首先仔細(xì)分析文章的首句，對(duì)首句的內(nèi)涵進(jìn)行把握，以此獲得解決問(wèn)題的鑰匙。計(jì)策2：重視首句和尾句對(duì)于該類文章而言，段落之間的邏輯性不強(qiáng)，段落之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系并不十分密切，因此，不能簡(jiǎn)單地從整體上把握文章的主要內(nèi)容，而要從每段出發(fā)，在對(duì)每一段內(nèi)容進(jìn)行理解的前提下，將每一段進(jìn)行聯(lián)系，從而獲得對(duì)整篇文章完整而準(zhǔn)確地把握。計(jì)策3：進(jìn)行合理判斷首先，學(xué)生要根據(jù)詞匯、句子判斷閱讀理解所要表達(dá)的大致含義，對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行定位后，再進(jìn)行答題，以防止出現(xiàn)答題思路走偏的狀況，從而影響閱讀理解整體的答題效果。其次，對(duì)文章脈絡(luò)與邏輯進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲，以此把握文章整體的內(nèi)涵與結(jié)構(gòu)。計(jì)策4：注重知識(shí)積累科普類閱讀理解對(duì)考生的常識(shí)儲(chǔ)備以及科學(xué)文化素養(yǎng)要求較高，要想獲得優(yōu)異的考試成績(jī)，考生平時(shí)就要加強(qiáng)科學(xué)文化常識(shí)的積累和儲(chǔ)備，以備考試之需。一、詞匯拓展1.calculatevt.計(jì)算→__calculator__n．計(jì)算器→__calculation__n．計(jì)算2.universen．宇宙→__universal__adj.普遍的；通用的；宇宙的3.simplifyvt.簡(jiǎn)化→__simplicity__n．簡(jiǎn)單；樸素4.sumn．總數(shù)；算術(shù)題；金額→__summary__n．摘要，概要5.operatorn．(電腦)操作員；接線員→__operation__n．操作6.logicn．邏輯，推理的方法→__logical__adj.合邏輯的；合情理的→__logically__adv.邏輯上；合邏輯地；有條理地7.technologyn．工藝；科技；技術(shù)→__technological__adj.科技的8.revolutionn．革命→__revolutionary__adj.革命的，革新的n．革命者9.intelligencen．智力；聰明；智能→__intelligent__adj.智能的；聰明的10.solvevt.解決；解答→__solution__n．解決；解答11.realizevt.實(shí)現(xiàn)→__reality__n．真實(shí)；事實(shí)；現(xiàn)實(shí)12.personaladj.私人的；個(gè)人的；親自的→__personally__adv.就個(gè)人而言；親自13.totaladj.總的；整個(gè)的n.總數(shù)；合計(jì)→__totally__adv.完全地；整個(gè)地14.applyv．申請(qǐng)→__application__n．應(yīng)用；用途；申請(qǐng)→__applicant__n．申請(qǐng)人15.financen．金融；財(cái)經(jīng)→__financial__adj.財(cái)政的，金融的16.explorevt.&vi.探索；探測(cè)；探究→__explorer__n．探險(xiǎn)者→__exploration__n．探險(xiǎn)，研究17.happyadj.幸福的；快樂的→__happiness__n．幸福；快樂18.signn．記號(hào)；符號(hào)；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)→__signal__vi.&vt.發(fā)信號(hào)n．信號(hào)19.typen．類型vt.&vi.打字→__typewriter__n.打字機(jī)→__typist__n.打字員20.electricadj.電的→__electronic__adj.電子的→__electrical__adj.電的；電器的→__electricity__n．電；電流→__electrician__n．電工disappearvi.消失→disappearancen.消失21.appearvi.出現(xiàn)→__appearance__n．外觀；外貌；出現(xiàn)22.charactern．性格；特點(diǎn)→__characteristic__adj.典型的，獨(dú)特的23.niecen．侄女；甥女→__nephew__n．侄子，外甥二、單句語(yǔ)法填空personalityn.性格，個(gè)性，人格1.__Personally__(person)speaking,Ithinkheisaverygoodman,butyoumaynotagree.2.Wewonbythree__goals__(goal)toone.Sowehadabigpartylastnight.3.Thedevelopmentofthesteamenginewasagreat__technological__(technology)advance.4.Ihaven't__calculated__(calculate)theresultofthemathsproblem.5.Life__totally__(total)changedwhenIwenttocollege.6.Beforegoingtoschool,allthechildrenaregivenan__intelligence__(intelligent)test.7.Problemshave__arisen__(arise)outofthelackofmunication.8．“OneWorld,OneDream”fullyreflectstheessence(實(shí)質(zhì))andthe__universal__(universe)valuesoftheOlympicspirit.9.He__signaled__(signal)tothewaiterforthebill.Sothewaitercametohimimmediately.10.Wereceivehundredsofjob__applications__(apply)eachyear.三、用短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空1.__In__mon__withmanyyoungpeople,hepreferspopsongs.2.Astime__went__by__/Withtime__going__by,__hehaschangedalot.3.Don'tgetdiscouragedbysetbacks,wearenewtothework__after__all__.4.To__sum__up,__therearethreemainwaysofsolvingtheproblem.5.Shespentanhour__making__up__beforetheparty.6.Thisbook__deals__with__theMiddleEast.7.Hedidn'tpasstheexam__as__a__result__of__hiscarelessness.8.HefeltthatGodwas__watching__over__him.9.Iworkedouttheproblem__with__the__help__of__myteacher.10.__In__a__way,__it'skindofnicetobestudyingalone.四、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Thechildisnotonlybeautifulbutalsoclever.→Thechildisbeautiful__as__well__as__clever.2.Withtimegoingby,wegrewolderandolder.→__As__time__went__by,wegrewolderandolder.3.Tomhaschangedmuch.Ican'trecognizehimatthefirstsight.→Tomhaschanged__so__much__that__Ican'trecognizehimatthefirstsight.4.Wehavewrittenalotofe－mailsontheputerinthepastye