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1電工術(shù)語水輪機控制系統(tǒng)3.1.1機械液壓調(diào)速器mechanicalhydraulicg3.1.2電(氣)液(壓)調(diào)速器electric-hydraulic3.1.3微機調(diào)速器microcomputerbased3.1.4雙調(diào)整調(diào)速器dualregu23.1.5通流式調(diào)速器governorwithoutpressuretank;throughflowtyp3.1.6壓力罐式調(diào)速器governorwithpress3.1.7蓄能器式調(diào)速器governorwithaccu3.1.8水泵水輪機調(diào)速器governorforpump3.1.9可變速水輪機/水泵水輪機調(diào)速器governorforvariablespeedturbine/pump3.1.10操作器positionoperator[gateop3.1.12電動機式調(diào)速器governorwithmotordrivi4控制系統(tǒng)4.1水輪機調(diào)速(控制)系統(tǒng)hydraulicturbinegovernor(control)system4.2被控制系統(tǒng)controlledsystem3水輪機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)處于自動調(diào)節(jié)狀態(tài)下,永態(tài)差值系數(shù)大于零5.1頻率[轉(zhuǎn)速]控制frequency[speed]control機組并網(wǎng)運行時,調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)接收功率指令信號,并使機組功率跟蹤于功率指令信號的5.3開度控制openingcont機組并網(wǎng)運行時,調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)接收開度指令信號,機組并網(wǎng)運行時,調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)接收水位指令信號,機組并網(wǎng)運行時,調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)接收流量指令信號,在低水頭水輪機中,通過對水輪機導(dǎo)葉、轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片的特定控制,以限制河流里的5.7一次調(diào)頻primaryfrequencycontrol(PFvariablespeedturbine/pump-t45.9可變速水輪機/水泵水輪機轉(zhuǎn)速-功率控制模式speed-powercontrolmodeforvariables全功率變流器/交流勵磁以機組轉(zhuǎn)速為控制目標、調(diào)全功率變流器/交流勵磁以機組有功功率為控制目標5.11可變速水輪機/水泵水輪機功率-開度控制模式power-openingcontrolmodeforvari全功率變流器/交流勵磁以機組有功功率為控制全功率變流器/交流勵磁以機組轉(zhuǎn)速為控制6.1比例-積分調(diào)速器proportional-integralg6.2比例-積分-微分調(diào)速器proportional-integral-derivativego6.3緩沖型調(diào)速器dampingtypego6.4加速度—緩沖型調(diào)速器acceleration-dampingtypego7.1測速裝置speedmeasu57.1.2測頻單元frequency7.3人工死區(qū)單元artificialdead在自動運行狀態(tài)下,能人為地在規(guī)定的被控參量范圍內(nèi)使控制系統(tǒng)不起調(diào)節(jié)作用的單7.4.1電氣-液壓轉(zhuǎn)換組件electro-hydraulicc括位移型電液轉(zhuǎn)換器、伺服閥、比例閥、比例7.4.2電氣-機械轉(zhuǎn)換組件electro-mechanical7.5配壓閥distributi7.5.2主配壓閥maindistributingvalve[cont7.6.2電氣緩沖單元electrical67.8.1轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)整機構(gòu)speedadjustingmechanism[speed7.8.2功率給定單元powers7.8.3頻率給定單元frequencysettin7.9.1輔助接力器auxiliaryse受主配壓閥/控制閥控制,驅(qū)動轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片[折向器/偏流器7.9.4非同步導(dǎo)葉asynchronousgu77.10協(xié)聯(lián)裝置combination(on-cam)水輪機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)中用來實現(xiàn)不同工作水頭及機組功率下轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片與導(dǎo)葉或折向器與噴針之間協(xié)聯(lián)7.11綜合放大單元summationandamplificati7.12位移轉(zhuǎn)換組件displacementconvertingc將接力器[配壓閥]的位移信號轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)電氣[機械]信號的7.14.1壓力罐pressu氣體與油液之間具有隔離件,使氣體不混入油液中的7.20壓力罐補氣裝置pressure接受外界控制信號,對壓力罐補充壓縮空氣,用以維持壓力罐中空氣和油的合適比例的裝8對油壓裝置中油泵電機和其它相關(guān)附屬組件進行控制的控7.24調(diào)壓閥pressureregulatingva8.1.2手動運行manualope電手動運行electricalmanualopera機手動運行mechanicalmanualopera機組未并網(wǎng),按水輪機方向額定轉(zhuǎn)速運行,且勵磁系統(tǒng)未投入的運8.2.2空載運行no-loadope機組未并網(wǎng),按水輪機方向額定轉(zhuǎn)速運行,且勵磁系統(tǒng)投入的運行98.2.10停機工況stopmode8.2.11發(fā)電工況generatormod8.2.12發(fā)電調(diào)相工況generatorcondensermode8.2.14抽水調(diào)相工況pumpcondensermod8.2.15背靠背啟動backtob8.2.18工況轉(zhuǎn)換modetrans8.2.20小波動狀態(tài)smalloscillationcondition;smalltransientcond新產(chǎn)品定型中為了驗證產(chǎn)品功能和性能能否滿足技術(shù)規(guī)范的全部要求所進行的8.3.2驗收試驗acceptan8.3.3出廠試驗factoryacceptancetest8.3.4現(xiàn)場試驗siteacceptancetes8.4.1空載擾動試驗no-loaddisturbance8.4.5抽水轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)電試驗testforswitchoverfrompumpmo8.4.6黑啟動試驗blackst9性能與參數(shù)9.1一般術(shù)語9.1.1被控參量controlledvariabrmax9.1.2轉(zhuǎn)速轉(zhuǎn)速n頻率frequencyfnr 轉(zhuǎn)速偏差speeddeviatiΔnΔn=n-n0轉(zhuǎn)速相對偏差relativedevxn9.1.3給定信號給定信號可為轉(zhuǎn)速n、接力器行程Y、發(fā)電機輸出功率PG、水輪機流量Q、水位H等。給定信號偏差settingsignaldeviationΔC(ΔCn,ΔCy,ΔCPG,Cq,ΔCh)ΔC=C-C0給定信號相對偏差relat9.1.4接力器接力器行程servomotorstrokeY導(dǎo)葉接力器行程:Yg折向器行程:Yd接力器最大行程maximumservomotorstrokeYmax主接力器自全關(guān)位置到全開位置的有效行程,不包括超出全開位置的過位移,單位為);(°);弧度(rad)。接力器相對行程relat Y Y接力器行程偏差servomotorstrokedeviationΔY相對于某一選定的基準位置Y0的接力器位移,單位為米(m);度(°);弧度(rad)。ΔY=Y-Y0接力器行程相對偏差relativedeviationofsery注2:對開度控制,被控參量接力器行程相對偏差量接力器容積servomotorvolumeVs9.1.5主配壓閥搭疊量overlapλ配壓閥中閥盤厚度與控制窗口高度之差的一半(圖1),即λ=(a-b)/2。λ<0稱負搭疊量;λ>0主配壓閥活塞中間位置neutralpositionofmaindistributingvalvepis.1主配壓閥活塞的幾何中間位置geometricalneutralpositionofmaindistributing.2主配壓閥活塞的實際中間位置actualneutralpositionofmaindistributingvalve主配壓閥活塞行程.1主配壓閥活塞行程maindistributingvalvepistonstrS.2主配壓閥活塞最大行程maximumstrokeofmaindistributingvalvepi.3主配壓閥活塞相對行程relativestrokeofmaindistributins主配壓閥行程S與其最大行程Smax的比值。.4主配壓閥活塞最大工作行程maximumoperatingstrokeofmaindistributingvalve.5主配壓閥活塞實際相對工作行程realrelativeworkstrokeofmaindistrsyv主配壓閥活塞實際工作行程S與其最大工作行程SmSyvSmax0主配壓閥特性.1壓力增益曲線pressuregaincur.2流量(接力器活塞速度主配壓閥最大許用輸油量maximumallowabledeliveryofmaindistributingva在規(guī)定壓力損失條件下,通過主配壓閥控制接力器的最大輸油量,單位為升每秒鐘(L/9.1.6調(diào)速系統(tǒng)總耗油量totaloilconsumptionofgovernorsyst在調(diào)速系統(tǒng)處于自動平衡狀態(tài)下,系統(tǒng)的耗油總量,單位為升每秒鐘(工作油壓operatingoilpressurep0正常條件下,水輪機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)工作的油壓名義工作油壓nominaloperatingoilpressurepn水輪機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)內(nèi)工作油壓上限與下限的平均值,單位為設(shè)計油壓designpD液壓系統(tǒng)[壓力容器]設(shè)計所取的油壓值,單位為兆prp0maxp0min工作油壓范圍operati事故低油壓trippingpT必須使機組緊急關(guān)閉的壓力罐/蓄能器油壓值,單最低要求油壓minimumpR機組事故低油壓緊急停機后,壓力罐中所必須保持的油壓,單位為兆帕0蓄能器預(yù)充壓力prechargedpressureofaccumulatpP9.1.8壓力容器容積pressurevesselvoluV0可用油體積usableoilvolume事故油體積trippingVT達到事故低油壓并完成事故關(guān)閉后壓力容器9.2.1發(fā)電機輸出功率powerofthegeneratPG9.2.2發(fā)電機額定功率ratPGrPin9.2.4水輪機輸出功率outputpowerofturbi9.2.5水輪機額定輸出功率ratedoutputPtr在額定水頭、額定轉(zhuǎn)速下,水輪機能持續(xù)穩(wěn)定9.2.6相對(輸出)功率relativePP9.2.7輸出功率偏差poweroutputdeviatiΔP輸出功率P相對于某一基準輸出功率P0之差,單位為千瓦(kW);千伏安(kVA)。ΔP=P-P9.2.8輸出功率相對偏差relativedeviationof輸出功率偏差ΔP與額定功率Pr之比。ΔPPr注:對于功率調(diào)節(jié),被控參量輸出功率相對偏差量的符號為xP。9.2.9滿功率閾值fullpoweroutpu滿功率閾值PLmt是指,水輪機在當前工作水頭下,滿足水力穩(wěn)定性與水輪機出力限制線要求時,9.2.10水泵水輪機的水泵水力功率pumphydraulicpowerofpPP.hPP.e9.2.12水泵水輪機的水泵零流量PP.0水泵水輪機在水泵工況運行時,當高壓側(cè)斷流時的水泵功率,單9.3轉(zhuǎn)矩9.3.1轉(zhuǎn)矩偏差torquedeviatΔM輸出功率偏差除以瞬時角速度,單位為牛.米(N9.3.2轉(zhuǎn)矩相對偏差relativedeviationoftorquem轉(zhuǎn)矩偏差ΔM與額定轉(zhuǎn)矩Mr之比。注:工程中有時選取PG0=0,這時m為相對轉(zhuǎn)矩。9.4.1流量偏差dischargedeviatiΔQ9.4.2流量相對偏差relativedeviationofq水輪機流量偏差ΔQ與額定流量Qr之比。9.4.3空載流量no-loaddischargeQNL水輪機在額定轉(zhuǎn)速下,輸出功率為零時的流量,單位為立方米每秒(m3s)。9.5水頭9.5.1水頭偏差headdeviatΔHΔH=H-H09.5.2水頭相對偏差relativedeh水頭偏差ΔH與水輪機額定水頭Hr之比。注:對水位調(diào)節(jié),被控參量水頭相對偏差量的符號為xh。nr平衡狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)速[相對轉(zhuǎn)速]值,單位為轉(zhuǎn)每分鐘r平衡狀態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)速[相對轉(zhuǎn)速]值,單位為轉(zhuǎn)每分鐘零行程時的最大轉(zhuǎn)速[相對轉(zhuǎn)速]與最小轉(zhuǎn)速[nr10.5最大行程時的最小轉(zhuǎn)速[相對轉(zhuǎn)速]minimumspeed[relativespeed]nr10.6水輪機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)特性droopgraphofturbinpbpbxn(%)bsb▲01.0y(%)xh(%)bsb▲p01.0y(%)a)轉(zhuǎn)速為被控參量時的關(guān)系曲線圖b)水位為被控參量10.7水輪機調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)特性droopgraphofturbine),xnep10.8水輪機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)永態(tài)差值系數(shù)permanentspeedd其中,對應(yīng)于圖4a)的bp,也稱永態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)差系數(shù)[殘留不均衡度]。10.9水輪機調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)調(diào)差率permanentspeedd在圖5的靜特性曲線圖上,某一規(guī)定運行點處斜率的負數(shù),稱為水輪機調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)調(diào)差率,dxnpdp10.10最大行程的永態(tài)差值系數(shù)maximum11.1.1測速裝置放大系數(shù)speedmeasuringdeviceamKxn測速裝置輸出量與轉(zhuǎn)速相對值的關(guān)系曲線在額定轉(zhuǎn)速點的斜率,單位為mm/%;V/%。11.1.2頻率[轉(zhuǎn)速]測量分辨率resolutionoffrequency[rxn11.1.3測頻單元響應(yīng)時間responsetiTrxn從測頻單元輸入量發(fā)生階躍變化時刻起,至輸出量達到變化量9511.1.4測頻單元響應(yīng)延滯時間delaytimeofThxn從測頻單元輸入量發(fā)生階躍變化時刻起,至輸出11.3緩沖裝置時間常數(shù)timeconstantTd),11.4接力器響應(yīng)時間常數(shù)servomotorTy),ds=yddy=yddy/dt注2:對于微機調(diào)節(jié)器+電液隨動系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)模式的調(diào)速器,采用本標準11.5定義的Ty11.5隨動系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)時間常數(shù)servo主接力器相對運動速度dy/dt與主配壓閥活塞實際相對工作行程syv關(guān)系曲線斜率的倒數(shù),即隨動dsTm以隨動系統(tǒng)的輸入階躍加入時刻為起點,接力器開環(huán)響應(yīng)曲線的切線與時間軸的交點為終點,兩yTm11.7速動時間常數(shù)promptitTx對于一個永態(tài)差值系數(shù)為零的水輪機調(diào)速系統(tǒng),主接力器速度dy/dt與給定的被控參量相對偏差x),注:對于緩沖型水輪機調(diào)速系統(tǒng),速動時間常數(shù)Tx在數(shù)值上近Tn式中:11.9微分環(huán)節(jié)時間常數(shù)timeconstantofT1d在PID調(diào)速器中,微分環(huán)節(jié)的慣性(濾波/衰減)時間常數(shù)(圖11KP圖12a)~e)給出了輸入階躍被控參量相對控參量相對偏差xn之比的負數(shù),定義為比例增益,見圖12c)。在數(shù)值上,對于串聯(lián)PID調(diào)節(jié)器,對于PI調(diào)速器KP≈。yu(%)▲yu(%)KDΔxT1v+τ▲▲xI1KIΔ▲KPΔxOKP/KIt(s)xIKPΔxt(s)xIKPΔxt(s)yu(%)▲KDΔxT1v+τΔ 1KIO KPKIb)從模擬量接口記錄的控制輸出yuBCAKPΔxc)bp、KD(或Tn)置于零,KI置于零(或Td置最大值),KP(或bt)不為零時的控制輸出yuCDB 1KI TdOt(s)d)bp、KD(或Tn)置于零,KP(或bt)、KI(或Td)不為零時的控制輸出yu(%)AH0.632ADxτKDΔxτEBDFGDKPΔxCOrt(s)Oe)bp、KI置于零(或Td置最大值),KP(或bt)、KD(或Tn)不為零時的控制輸出KI偏差xn之比的負數(shù),定義為積分增益,見圖12d),單位為1/秒,s-1。KD差變化率dxn/dt之比的負數(shù),定義為理想微分環(huán)節(jié)的微分增益,見圖12e),單位為秒(s)。工程實際中,出于抑制微分干擾的考慮,一般采用實際微分環(huán)節(jié),對照圖12e),記PID數(shù)字調(diào)節(jié)器的采樣周期為τ、微分衰減時間常數(shù)T1v,則實際微分環(huán)節(jié)的微分增益為:在數(shù)值上,對于串聯(lián)PID調(diào)節(jié)器,KD≈。KOPIS當機組孤立運行并帶穩(wěn)定負荷時,由水輪機調(diào)速系統(tǒng)所產(chǎn)生的水輪機轉(zhuǎn)速持續(xù)振11.15轉(zhuǎn)速穩(wěn)定偏差帶steady_轉(zhuǎn)速穩(wěn)定偏差帶δxn_sb是指,機組在空載或孤立運行條件下、處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),且接力器位置不變,若機組持續(xù)3min自身有轉(zhuǎn)速波動幅度的平均值δxn_sbm,不超過±0.4%,則轉(zhuǎn)速穩(wěn)定偏差帶按注1:該特征參量的意義在于確認與甄別機組轉(zhuǎn)速擺動在多大程度上是由被控~±0.7%nr;但孤立運行δxn_sbm與機組所在電網(wǎng)負荷性質(zhì)具有密切關(guān)系,難以統(tǒng)計普適性的確切范圍,在無負荷突變的條件下,-1.0%~+3%是實際運行中可以n(r/minn(r/min)nmaxnmint(s)Cδxn_sbm=±×100%CIP11.17有功功率穩(wěn)定偏差帶steady-statea有功功率穩(wěn)定偏差帶δPsb是指,機組并網(wǎng)運行、處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),且接力器位置不變,機組實際有若機組持續(xù)3min自身有功功率波動幅度的平均值δ不超過機組額定有功功率Pr的±1.5%,則有功功率穩(wěn)定偏差帶按δPsb=±1.5%Pr界定;若超過±1.5%Pr,則按實際δ最大幅值作為δPsb。注:對水電機組大量的統(tǒng)計表明,δPsb通常為±1.5%Pr~±3.5%Pr。P/MWP/MWΔPsmaxPAtvt/s在頻率/轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)節(jié)過程中,與起始偏差符號相同的第2次頻率/轉(zhuǎn)速偏差峰值Δf1與起始偏差峰值Δfmax之比,即Ψ=Δf1Δfmax,見圖15;在時域響應(yīng)中,衰減度反映了水輪機調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)頻率/轉(zhuǎn)速控制量的符號:Ψf(Hz)fC0f(Hz)fC0▲t(s)f(Hz)fC1▲1▲0t(s)給定信號恒定時,不起調(diào)節(jié)作用的兩個被控參量偏差相對值間的最大區(qū)間(圖c被控參量恒定時,不起調(diào)節(jié)作用的兩個給定a12.6接力器不動時間/死區(qū)時間servoTq從轉(zhuǎn)速或指令信號按規(guī)定形式變化起,至首次可察覺到(測到)接力器運動的時間間隔(圖19y定子電流(%)定子電流 -轉(zhuǎn)速nny1轉(zhuǎn)速ny1接力器位移yy2接位移接力器位移y13.1接力器最短關(guān)閉時間minimumservomTf在最大關(guān)閉速度下,主接力器走一次全行程所經(jīng)歷的時間(圖20單位為秒(s)。y(%)Thyh0Tft(s)y(%)0t(s)13.2接力器最短開啟時間minimumservomTg在最大開啟速度下,主接力器走一次全行程所經(jīng)歷的時間(圖20單位為秒(s)。Th接力器以延緩速度由規(guī)定位置yh開始至全關(guān)閉位置所經(jīng)歷的時間(圖20),單位為秒(s)。F注:當采用引水管水壓來產(chǎn)生關(guān)閉作用力時,應(yīng)說明接力器作用力達到規(guī)AA=FYmax13.6最大轉(zhuǎn)速上升率maximummomnr13.7最大壓力上升率maximummoment機組突減規(guī)定變幅的負荷時,最大的瞬時水壓上升相式中:Htmax-瞬時最高水壓,m;HST-機組突減負荷前的靜水壓,在數(shù)值上等于:試驗期間的上游水位LTs-水輪機安裝高程ZTm;),注:進行水力過渡過程計算分析及校核時,壓力升高率的折算基準值為上游正常蓄水位與機組安裝高程之差。Tw在額定工況下,表征過水管道中水流慣性的特征時間,單位為式中:L—相應(yīng)每段過水管道的長度,單位為米(mQr—水輪機額定流量,單位為立方米每秒鐘(m3Hr—額定水頭,單位為米(mTa機組在額定轉(zhuǎn)速時的動量矩與額定轉(zhuǎn)矩之比,單位為Jωr—額定轉(zhuǎn)速時機組的動量矩,單位為千克Mr—機組額定轉(zhuǎn)矩,單位為牛頓·米(N·mnr—機組額定轉(zhuǎn)速,單位為轉(zhuǎn)每分鐘(r/minTbTr壓力波在引水管內(nèi)往返一次所經(jīng)歷的時間,單αi—壓力波在每段引水管中的傳播速度,單位為米每秒鐘(m/s14.5管道特性常數(shù)penstockcharact14.6水輪機轉(zhuǎn)矩對轉(zhuǎn)速的傳遞系數(shù)transmissioncoefficientofturbine水輪機自調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)turbineself-regulationcoeffet14.8被控制系統(tǒng)自調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)controlledsystemself-regulentebxn14.10水輪機轉(zhuǎn)矩對水頭的傳遞系數(shù)transmissioncoefficientofturbineeh轉(zhuǎn)速和接力器行程恒定時,水輪機轉(zhuǎn)矩相對偏差值mt與水頭相對偏差值h的關(guān)系曲線在所取水頭點14.11水輪機轉(zhuǎn)矩對導(dǎo)葉[噴針]接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù)transmissioncoetorquetogate[needle]servomotorstroke;turbin14.12水輪機轉(zhuǎn)矩對轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù)14.13流量對轉(zhuǎn)速的傳遞系數(shù)transmissioncoefficientof水頭和主接力器行程恒定時,水輪機流量相對偏差值q和轉(zhuǎn)速相對偏差值xn的關(guān)系曲線在所取轉(zhuǎn)速14.14流量對水頭的傳遞系數(shù)transmissioncoefficientoeqy水頭、轉(zhuǎn)速和轉(zhuǎn)輪接力器行程恒定時,水輪機流量相對偏差值q與導(dǎo)葉[噴針]接力器行程相對 14.16流量對轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù)transmissioncoefficientofdTe在額定工況下,表征引水系統(tǒng)調(diào)壓室標稱容積的特征時間,單位為F——小波動條件下調(diào)壓室穩(wěn)定面積,m2。αi14.19調(diào)壓室的托馬穩(wěn)定時間常數(shù)Thomatimeconstantof用時間常數(shù)表達的調(diào)壓室的托馬穩(wěn)定條件,通常的設(shè)計取Te=nfTTh,其中,安全系數(shù)nf≥1.0。=Hr/(Hg?hw1?3hw2)≥1T14.20水輪機力矩[功率]反調(diào)reversetorque[po與水輪機型式、運行工況點、水輪機傳遞系數(shù)、水流慣性時間常數(shù)TA安全閥.............................................................................7.17B被控參量..........................................................................9.1.1被控制系統(tǒng)..........................................................................3.2被控制系統(tǒng)自調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)...............................................................14.8比例增益................................................................并聯(lián)PID調(diào)速器...........................................................并聯(lián)運行..........................................................................8.1.5不靈敏度...........................................................................12.2C操作器............................................................................4.1.9測頻單元............................................................................6.4測頻單元響應(yīng)時間.................................................................11.1.3測頻單元響應(yīng)延滯時間.............................................................11.1.4測速信號源..........................................................................7.2測速裝置............................................................................7.1測速裝置放大系數(shù).................................................................11.1.1出廠試驗.....................................................................串聯(lián)PID調(diào)速器.............................................D搭疊量..........................................................................大波動狀態(tài)........................................................................8.2.6帶負荷試驗........................................................................8.4.2帶負荷運行........................................................................8.2.2導(dǎo)葉[噴針]接力器................................................................7.9.電(氣)液(壓)調(diào)速器..........................................電動機式調(diào)速器.......................................................電氣緩沖單元........................................................電氣開度限制單元..................................................電網(wǎng)負載特性系數(shù)..................................................電站試驗...............................................................電子負荷調(diào)節(jié)器......................................................調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)總耗油量..................................................................9.1.6調(diào)速器..............................................................................4.1E額定油壓........................................................................額定轉(zhuǎn)速........................................................................F發(fā)電機額定功率....................................................................9.2.2發(fā)電機負載轉(zhuǎn)矩對轉(zhuǎn)速的傳遞系數(shù)...................................發(fā)電機負載自調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)...............................................................1發(fā)電機輸出功率....................................................................9.2.1分段關(guān)閉裝置.......................................................................7.13輔助接力器........................................................................7.9.1負載慣性時間常數(shù)..................................................................G給定信號........................................................................給定信號不靈敏度...................................................................12.4給定信號偏差....................................................................給定信號死區(qū).......................................................................12.3工況轉(zhuǎn)換..........................................................................8.2.7工作油壓........................................................................工作油壓范圍....................................................................工作油壓上限....................................................................工作油壓下限....................................................................功率給定單元......................................................................7.8.2功率控制............................................................................5.2功率穩(wěn)定性指數(shù)....................................................................11.13管道反射時間.......................................................................14.4管道特性常數(shù).......................................................................14.5H緩沖器............................................................................7.6.1緩沖型調(diào)速器........................................................................6.3緩沖裝置............................................................................7.6緩沖裝置時間常數(shù)...................................................................11.3回油箱.............................................................................7機械開度限制機構(gòu)..................................................................7.7.1機械液壓調(diào)速器....................................................................4.1.1機組慣性時間常數(shù)...................................................................14.2積分增益...........................................................................11.9基準信號........................................................................加速時間常數(shù).......................................................................11.6接力器..............................................................................3.1接力器不動時間.....................................................................12.6接力器容積......................................................................接力器容量.........................................................................13.5接力器相對行程..................................................................接力器響應(yīng)時間常數(shù).................................................................11.4接力器行程......................................................................接力器行程偏差..................................................................接力器行程相對偏差..............................................................接力器最大行程..................................................................接力器最短關(guān)閉時間.................................................................13.1接力器最短開啟時間.................................................................13.2接力器作用力.......................................................................13.4K開度控制............................................................................5.3開環(huán)增益..........................................................................11.11可用油體積......................................................................空載擾動試驗......................................................................8.4.1L浪涌控制............................................................................5.6零行程時的轉(zhuǎn)速[相對轉(zhuǎn)速]調(diào)整范圍.................................................零行程時的最大轉(zhuǎn)速[相對轉(zhuǎn)速].......................................................零行程時的最小轉(zhuǎn)速[相對轉(zhuǎn)速].......................................................流量對導(dǎo)葉[噴針]接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù)............................................流量對水頭的傳遞系數(shù)..............................................................14.14流量對轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù)..............................................流量對轉(zhuǎn)速的傳遞系數(shù)..............................................................14.13流量控制............................................................................5.5流量偏差..........................................................................9.4.1流量相對偏差......................................................................9.4.2M名義工作油壓....................................................................P配壓閥..............................................................................7.5頻率............................................................................頻率[轉(zhuǎn)速]測量分辨率.............................................................11.1.2頻率[轉(zhuǎn)速]控制......................................................................5.1頻率給定單元......................................................................7.8.3R人工死區(qū)單元........................................................................7.3設(shè)計油壓........................................................................剩余(不可用)油體積............................................................事故低油壓......................................................................事故油體積......................................................................輸出功率偏差......................................................................9.2.6輸出功率相對偏差..................................................................9.2.7甩負荷............................................................................8.2.3甩負荷試驗........................................................................8.4.3雙調(diào)整調(diào)速器......................................................................4.1.4水泵水輪機調(diào)速器..................................................................4.1.8水流慣性時間常數(shù)...................................................................14.1水輪機調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)......................................................................3.3水輪機額定功率....................................................................9.2.4水輪機控制系統(tǒng)......................................................................3.1水輪機控制系統(tǒng)靜態(tài)特性.............................................................10水輪機輸出功率....................................................................9.2.3水輪機轉(zhuǎn)矩對導(dǎo)葉[噴針]接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù).......................水輪機轉(zhuǎn)矩對水頭的傳遞系數(shù).......................................水輪機轉(zhuǎn)矩對轉(zhuǎn)輪葉片接力器行程的傳遞系數(shù).........................水輪機轉(zhuǎn)矩對轉(zhuǎn)速的傳遞系數(shù)........................................水輪機自調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)...................................................................14.6水頭偏差..........................................................................9.5.1水位控制............................................................................5.4死區(qū)...............................................................................12.1速動時間常數(shù).......................................................................11.5隨動系統(tǒng)............................................................................3.6隨動系統(tǒng)不準確度..............................................................T通流式調(diào)速器......................................................................4.1.5W微分環(huán)節(jié)時間常數(shù)...................................................................11.7微分增益..........................................................................11.10微機調(diào)速器........................................................................4.1.3位移轉(zhuǎn)換裝置.......................................................................7.12穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)..........................................................................8.2.4無差調(diào)節(jié)............................................................................3.5X限負荷運行........................................................................8.1.3相對(輸出)功率..................................................................9.2.5相對轉(zhuǎn)速........................................................................小波動狀態(tài)........................................................................8.2.5協(xié)聯(lián)裝置...........................................................................7.10卸載閥.............................................................................7.16型式試驗..........................................................................8.3.1蓄能器...........................................................................7.14.2蓄能器式調(diào)速器....................................................................4蓄能器預(yù)充壓力.................................................................9.1.Y壓力罐....................................................................4.1.6,7.14.1壓力罐補氣裝置.....................................................................7.19壓力罐式調(diào)速器....................................................................4.1.6壓力容器容積......................................................................9.1.8延緩時間...........................................................................13.3驗收試驗..........................................................................8.3.3引導(dǎo)閥............................................................................永態(tài)差值系數(shù).......................................................................10.7油壓裝置............................................................................4.2油壓裝置控制柜.....................................................................7.20有差調(diào)節(jié)............................................................................3.4Z暫態(tài)差值系數(shù).......................................................................11.2中間接力器..................................................................主配壓閥..........................................................................7.5.2主配壓閥活塞中間位置............................................................主配壓閥最大許用輸油量..........................................................轉(zhuǎn)矩偏差..........................................................................9.3.1轉(zhuǎn)矩相對偏差......................................................................9.3.2轉(zhuǎn)速............................................................................轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)整機構(gòu)......................................................................7.8.1轉(zhuǎn)速偏差........................................................................轉(zhuǎn)速穩(wěn)定性指數(shù)....................................................................11.12轉(zhuǎn)速相對偏差....................................................................綜合放大單元.......................................................................7.11組合閥.............................................................................7.18最大行程的永態(tài)差值系數(shù).............................................................10最大行程時的最大轉(zhuǎn)速[相對轉(zhuǎn)速]................................................最大行程時的最小轉(zhuǎn)速[相對轉(zhuǎn)速]................................................最低要求油壓....................................................................Aacceleration-dampingtypegovernor.............................................acceptancetest...................................................................8.3.3accumulator......................................................................7.14.2admissiondeviceofpressuretank..........................................artificialdeadbandmodule.................................................automaticoperation...............................................................8.1.1auxiliaryservomotor..............................................................7.9.1Ccombinationdevice.................................................................7.10controlcubicleofoilpressuresupplyunit.............................controlsystemforhydraulicturbines.....................................controlledsystemself-regulationcoefficient...................controlledsystem...................................................................3.2controlledvariable...............................................................9.1.1cushioningtime....................................................................13.3Ddampingdevice......................................................................7.6dampingtypegovernor...............................................................6.3dashpot...........................................................................7.6.1deadband..........................................................................12.1derivativegain...................................................................11derivativetimeconstadesignoilpressure.............................................................deviationregulation................................................................3.4dischargedeviation...............................................................9.4.1displacementconverter.............................................................7.12distributingvalve..................................................................7.5doubleregulatinggovernor..................................................droopgraphofturbinecontrolsystem...........................Eelectricaldampermodule..............................................electricalopeninglimiter............................................electric-hydraulicgovernor................................................electronicloadcontroller....................................................Ffieldtest........................................................................8.3.4flowcontrol........................................................................5.5frequencydetector................................................................7.1.2frequencysettingmodule...................................

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