《鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝》課件-3.6.4 鋼梁和勁性砼安裝

3.6.4多層及高層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)鋼梁和勁性砼的安裝

3.6.4Installationofmulti-storeyandhigh-risesteelstructuralsteelbeamsandrigidconcrete第一：鋼梁的安裝First:theinstallationofsteelbeams第二：勁性混凝土鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工Second:rigidconcretesteelstructureconstruction一、鋼梁的安裝

First:theinstallationofsteelbeams1First鋼梁吊裝宜采用專用吊具，兩點(diǎn)綁扎吊裝。吊升過程中必須確保鋼梁處于水平狀態(tài)。一機(jī)同時(shí)起吊多根鋼梁時(shí)的綁扎要牢固可靠，且利于逐一安裝Steelbeamliftingshouldusespecialspreaders,two-pointlashingandhoisting.Itmustbeensuredthatthesteelbeamisinahorizontalstateduringtheliftingprocess.Whenliftingmultiplesteelbeamsatthesametime,thelashingshouldbefirmandreliable,anditisconducivetoinstallationonebyone兩點(diǎn)綁扎吊裝鋼梁Two-pointlashingandhoistingsteelbeam一機(jī)同時(shí)起吊多根鋼梁Onemachineliftsmultiplesteelbeamsatthesametime

一、鋼梁的安裝

First:theinstallationofsteelbeams2Second在安裝柱與柱之間的主梁時(shí)，必須跟蹤測(cè)量、校正柱與柱之間的距離，并預(yù)留安裝余量，特別是節(jié)點(diǎn)焊接收縮量，以達(dá)到控制變形、減小或消除附加應(yīng)力的目的Wheninstallingthemainbeambetweencolumns,itisnecessarytotrackandmeasureandcorrectthedistancebetweencolumns,andreservetheinstallationmargin,especiallytheamountofweldingshrinkageofnodes,soastocontroldeformationandreduceoreliminateadditionalstress兩點(diǎn)綁扎吊裝鋼梁Two-pointlashingandhoistingsteelbeam一機(jī)同時(shí)起吊多根鋼梁Onemachineliftsmultiplesteelbeamsatthesametime

一節(jié)柱一般有2～4層梁，原則上橫向構(gòu)件由上向下逐層安裝，由于上部和周邊均處于自由狀態(tài)，易于安裝和質(zhì)量控制。另外，通常情況下，同一列柱的鋼梁從中間跨開始對(duì)稱地向兩端擴(kuò)展安裝。同一跨鋼梁，先安裝上層梁，再安裝中、下層梁。一節(jié)柱的一層梁安裝完畢后，立即安裝本層的樓梯及壓型鋼板等Asectioncolumngenerallyhas2~4layersofbeams,inprinciple,thetransversemembersareinstalledlayerbylayerfromtoptobottom,becausetheupperpartandthesurroundingareinafreestate,easytoinstallandqualitycontrol.Inaddition,itiscommonforsteelbeamsofthesamecolumntoextendsymmetricallytobothendsfromthemiddlespan.Forthesamespansteelbeam,theupperbeamisinstalledfirst,andthenthemiddleandlowerbeamsareinstalled.Aftertheinstallationofthefirstfloorbeamofonecolumn,thestairsandprofiledsteelplatesofthisfloorareinstalledimmediately次梁根據(jù)施工情況一層一層地安裝實(shí)施Thesecondarybeamisinstalledandimplementedlayerbylayeraccordingtotheconstructionsituation同一根梁兩端的水平度，允許偏差((L/1000)+3mm；最大不超過l0mm，如果鋼梁水平度超標(biāo)，主要原因是連接板位置或螺孔位置有誤差，可采取換連接板或塞焊孔重新制孔處理Levelnessatbothendsofthesamebeam,allowabledeviation((L/1000)+3mm;Themaximumdoesnotexceedl0mm,ifthelevelnessofthesteelbeamexceedsthestandard,themainreasonisthatthereisanerrorinthepositionoftheconnectingplateorthepositionofthescrewhole,andtheconnectingplateorplugweldingholecanbereplacedandre-made

梁與柱的連接Theconnectionofthebeamtothecolumn柱與柱接頭和梁與柱接頭的焊接，以互相協(xié)調(diào)為好，一般可以先焊一節(jié)柱的頂層梁，再從下向上焊各層梁與柱的接頭，柱與柱的接頭可以先焊，也可以最后焊Columnandcolumnjointandbeamandcolumnjointwelding,tocoordinatewitheachotheraswell,generallycanfirstweldthetopbeamofacolumn,andthenweldthejointsofeachlayerofbeamandcolumnfromthebottomup,thejointofcolumnandcolumncanbeweldedfirst,orfinallywelded

梁與柱的連接Theconnectionofthebeamtothecolumn柱與柱節(jié)點(diǎn)及梁與柱節(jié)點(diǎn)的連接，原則上對(duì)稱施工、相互協(xié)調(diào)。框架梁與柱連接通常采用上下翼板焊接、腹板栓接；或者全焊接、全栓接的連接方式。對(duì)于焊接連接，一般先焊一節(jié)柱的頂層梁，再從下向上焊接各層梁與柱的節(jié)點(diǎn)。柱與柱的節(jié)點(diǎn)可以先焊，也可以后焊?；旌线B接一般采用先栓后焊的工藝，螺栓連接從中心軸開始，對(duì)稱擰固。鋼管混凝土柱焊接接長(zhǎng)時(shí)，嚴(yán)格按工藝評(píng)定要求進(jìn)行，確保焊縫質(zhì)量Theconnectionbetweencolumnsandcolumnnodesandbeamsandcolumnnodesisinprinciplesymmetricalandcoordinatedwitheachother.Theconnectionbetweenframebeamandcolumnisusuallyweldedbyupperandlowerwingplatesandboltedwebs;Orall-welded,fullyboltedconnection.Forweldingconnections,thetopbeamofonecolumnisgenerallyweldedfirst,andthenthenodesofeachlayerofbeamandcolumnareweldedfromthebottomup.Column-to-columnjointscanbeweldedfirstorlater.Hybridconnectionsgenerallyadopttheprocessofboltingfirstandthenwelding,andtheboltedconnectionstartsfromthecentralaxisandisscrewedsymmetrically.Whenthesteelpipeconcretecolumnisweldedandlong,itiscarriedoutinstrictaccordancewiththeprocessevaluationrequirementstoensurethequalityoftheweld梁柱接頭-栓焊混合式Beam-columnjoint-boltweldinghybridtype梁柱接頭-全焊接式Beamandcolumnjoints-fullywelded梁柱接頭-全栓接式Beamandcolumnjoints-fullyboltedtype在第一節(jié)柱及柱間鋼梁安裝完成后，即可進(jìn)行柱底灌漿，如圖所示。灌漿方法是先在柱腳四周立模板，將基礎(chǔ)上表面清除干凈，清除積水，然后用高強(qiáng)度無收縮砂漿從一側(cè)自由灌入至密實(shí)，灌漿后用濕草袋或麻袋覆蓋養(yǎng)護(hù)。Aftertheinstallationofthefirstsectionofcolumnsandthesteelbeamsbetweenthecolumns,thebottomgroutingofthecolumncanbecarriedout,asshowninthefigure.Thegroutingmethodistofirsterectatemplatearoundthecolumnfoot,cleanthesurfaceofthefoundation,removestagnantwater,andthenfreelypouritfromonesidetothedensewithhigh-strengthnon-shrinkagemortar,andcoveritwithwetgrassbagsorsacksaftergrouting.1-柱基2-鋼柱3-無收縮水泥砂漿墊塊4-鋼板5-模板圖1-columnbase2-Steelcolumns3-Noshrinkagecementmortarpad4-Steelplate5-Templatediagram二、勁性混凝土鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工Second:rigidconcretesteelstructureconstruction

勁性混凝土鋼結(jié)構(gòu)是在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)柱、梁周圍配置鋼筋，澆筑混凝土，鋼構(gòu)件同混凝土連成一體，共同作用的一種結(jié)構(gòu)。勁性混凝土鋼結(jié)構(gòu)分為埋入式和非埋入式兩種。埋入式構(gòu)件包括勁性混凝土梁、柱、剪力墻、鋼管混凝土柱及內(nèi)藏鋼板剪力墻等；非埋入式構(gòu)件包括鋼-混凝土組合梁、壓型鋼板組合樓板等。勁性混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的鋼構(gòu)件分為實(shí)腹式和格構(gòu)式，并以實(shí)腹式為主。Rigidconcretesteelstructureisastructurethatisequippedwithsteelbarsaroundsteelstructurecolumnsandbeams,pouredconcrete,andsteelcomponentsareintegratedwithconcrete.Rigidconcretesteelstructureisdividedintotwotypes:buriedtypeandnon-buriedtype.Embeddedcomponentsincluderigidconcretebeams,columns,shearwalls,steeltubeconcretecolumnsandbuilt-insteelplateshearwalls;Non-embeddedcomponentsincludesteel-concretecompositebeams,profiledsteelplatecompositefloorslabs,etc.Thesteelcomponentsoftherigidconcretestructurearedividedintosolidbellytypeandlatticetype,andthesolidbellytypeisthemaintype.基礎(chǔ)驗(yàn)收Basicacceptance鋼結(jié)構(gòu)柱安裝Steelstructurecolumninstallation鋼結(jié)構(gòu)梁安裝Steelstructurebeaminstallation鋼筋綁扎Rebarlashing支模板、澆混凝土Supportformwork,pouredconcrete勁性混凝土鋼結(jié)構(gòu)施工工藝流程Constructionprocessofrigidconcretesteelstructure勁性混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)鋼柱截面形式多為“+”、“L”、“T”、“H”、“O”、“口”形等幾種形式，和混凝土相接觸的熔焊拴釘多在鋼構(gòu)件出廠時(shí)施工完畢。構(gòu)件運(yùn)至施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，經(jīng)驗(yàn)收合格，進(jìn)行安裝、校正、固定，方法與框架結(jié)構(gòu)相同Thecross-sectionalformsofsteelcolumnsofrigidconcretestructuresaremostly"+","L","T","H","O","mouth"andotherforms,andthefusionweldingnailsincontactwithconcretearemostlycompletedwhenthesteelcomponentsleavethefactory.Thecomponentsaretransportedtotheconstructionsite,theexperienceisqualified,andtheinstallation,correctionandfixationarecarriedoutinthesamewayastheframestructure十字形鋼柱Cross-shapedsteelcolumnsH形鋼柱H-shapedsteelcolumnStiffsteelbonecolumn勁性混凝土鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件中的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)梁的安裝方法和框架梁安裝方法相同。無框架梁的結(jié)構(gòu)，為保證鋼柱的空間位置，需通過增設(shè)支撐體系來固定鋼構(gòu)件，確保鋼柱安裝、焊接后空間位置的準(zhǔn)確。鋼結(jié)構(gòu)梁上面的熔焊栓釘一般在工廠加工。無梁勁性混凝土鋼柱和混凝土梁的連接較復(fù)雜，特別是箍筋和主筋穿過柱和梁時(shí)的位置較復(fù)雜，工藝交叉多，故處理要細(xì)致，鋼筋要貫通?；炷亮旱臐仓詈门c柱的混凝土澆筑錯(cuò)開，避免混凝土產(chǎn)生裂縫。Theinstallationmethodofsteelstructurebeaminrigidconcretesteelstructuremembersisthesameastheinstallationmethodofframebeam.Forthestructurewithoutframebeam,inordertoensurethespatialpositionofthesteelcolumn,itisnecessarytofixthesteelcomponentbyaddingasupportsystemtoensuretheaccuracyofthespatialpositionofthesteelcolumnafterinstallationandwelding.Thefusionweldingboltsonthesteelstructurebeamsaregenerallyprocessedinthefactory.Theconnectionbetweenbeamlessconcretesteelcolumnandconcretebeamismorecomplicated,especiallythepositionofstirrupsandmainreinforcementthroughthecolumnandbeamismorecomplicated,andtherearemanyprocesscrosses,sothetreatmentshouldbemeticulousandthesteelbarshouldbepenetrated.Thepouringofconcretebeamsisbeststaggeredwiththeconcretepouringofcolumnstoavoidcracksintheconcrete.勁性鋼柱與混凝土之間靠溶焊栓釘加強(qiáng)連接Theconnectionbetweentherigidsteelcolumnandtheconcreteisstrengthenedbyameltingbolt鋼結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件安裝完成后，進(jìn)行鋼筋綁扎、混凝土澆筑。對(duì)于鋼管混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，每層樓的鋼管柱安裝、固定、校正后，要采用合理的工藝確保焊接變形受控。然后綁扎鋼筋，一般鋼管柱內(nèi)外均設(shè)有柱端連接豎筋以及穿柱、梁主筋，梁柱接點(diǎn)處設(shè)置環(huán)形加強(qiáng)鋼筋等。鋼管安裝后，進(jìn)行柱內(nèi)環(huán)形箍筋的綁扎，然后再進(jìn)行下道工序的施工。Aftertheinstallationofthesteelstructurecomponents,steelbarlashingandconcretepouringarecarriedout.Forsteeltubeconcretestructures,afterthesteelpipecolumnsofeachfloorareinstalled,fixedandcalibrated,areasonableprocessshouldbeusedtoensurethattheweldingdeformationiscontrolled.Thentiethesteelbars,generallytheinsideandoutsideofthesteelpipecolumnareequippedwithcolumnendconnectionverticalbarsandpierci