完形填空學(xué)案（微技能三）-高三下學(xué)期英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

專題二完形填空微技能三【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】一：考點(diǎn)歸納高考具有選拔人才的功能，因此每篇完形填空中總有2～3道較難的題目成為學(xué)生取得高分的“攔路虎”。導(dǎo)致這些題目失分的原因主要有以下幾點(diǎn)：①解題信息比較隱蔽；②干擾項(xiàng)迷惑性較強(qiáng)；③文中人物的情感態(tài)度較難把握；④慣性思維所致。針對(duì)這些題目，學(xué)生除了需要具備扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)言功底外，還應(yīng)提升思維品質(zhì)和推理能力。本講總結(jié)了解答完形填空的五大易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)，旨在讓學(xué)生遇到此類題目時(shí)不要急于求成，要三思而后決斷。二：易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)歸納易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)（一）因缺乏全篇關(guān)聯(lián)思維而錯(cuò)選語(yǔ)篇層次題的解題信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或幾段甚至全篇，這就要求學(xué)生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脈絡(luò)、作者的思想或主人公的心理，然后進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確的推理判斷，從而作出正確的選擇。對(duì)于此類題目，一定要堅(jiān)持這樣一個(gè)原則——不急于解答，讀完全文后綜合考慮再作判定?！镜淅浚?023·1月浙江卷）Here，insoutheastEthiopia，handcarvedbeehives（蜂箱）areplacedinthe42.Reachingthemtogetthehoneyisdifficult—andoften43.dangerous.I44.followedbeekeeperZiyadoverawidestretchofgrasslandbeforeenteringathickjungle.Ziyadbeganpreparations.He45.gatheredhandfulsofdamptreeleaves，wrappedthemwithstring，and46.litthebunchtocreateatorch（火把）.Then，withoneendofaropetiedtohiswaistandtheotherendaroundthetrunkofatree，Ziyadbegan47.climbing.Hestoppedeveryfewminutestomovethe48.ropehigherupthetreetrunk.49.Finally，Ziyadgotclosetothehivewhichwasaround20metresabovetheground.42.A.courtyardsB.fieldsC.treetopsD.caves易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)（二）因不能正確區(qū)分形近詞或近義詞而錯(cuò)選完形填空題選項(xiàng)中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些形近詞或近義詞讓學(xué)生辨析，因?yàn)樵~形相近或意義相近，無(wú)形中增加了難度，如果學(xué)生對(duì)這些詞掌握得不好或不著眼于語(yǔ)篇的意義便很容易錯(cuò)選?！镜淅浚?023·全國(guó)乙卷）Asitturnedout，Douglasdid50whatsheneededtodotobeeOlympicchampionwhenshe51.defeatedtwoRussians.TheChinesecoach52.transformedDouglasintooneofthebestgymnastsinthe53.world，helpingherskyrocketfroman54.averagememberofthenationalteamtothetopofthesport.By55.winningtheOlympicallaroundtitle，shebecamethefirstblackwomantodoso.She56.ledthepetitionfrombeginningtoend.Shesaidshehadfelt57.confidentallalongthatshewouldwin.B.graduallyC.exactlyD.possibly易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)（三）因詞匯理解障礙而錯(cuò)選在完形填空題的設(shè)題上，命題者往往還將一些學(xué)生平常容易忽視的詞匯設(shè)置成選項(xiàng)，從而造成錯(cuò)選。對(duì)于這些詞匯，學(xué)生在平時(shí)必須高度重視，背熟記熟?！镜淅浚?023·1月浙江卷）49.Finally，Ziyadgotclosetothehivewhichwasaround20metresabovetheground.Sittingonabranch，he50towardsitandblewsmokefromhistorchintoatinyholeinthehive.Suddenly，Ziyadletoutasharpcry.Withinseconds，he’d51.sliddownthetrunkandwasbackontheground.Itwastoo52.earlytocollectthehoney.Acoolsummerhaddelayed53.hatching.Babybeeswerestillinthehoneybs（蜂巢）.B.divedC.shoutedD.inched易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)（四）因不明一詞多義或熟詞生義而錯(cuò)選在最近幾年的高考完形填空中，對(duì)于一詞多義或熟詞生義的考查屢見(jiàn)不鮮，這往往也是學(xué)生容易失分的一個(gè)地方。很多學(xué)生由于不懂這些熟詞的“生義”而出現(xiàn)思維障礙，造成了不應(yīng)有的失分。下面我們選取具有代表性的試題加以分析，以幫助學(xué)生熟悉其命題特點(diǎn)，從而跳出命題人設(shè)置的詞匯“陷阱”?！镜淅浚?023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷）Althoughthetwoyoungwomenwerestrangersbeforethe54，they’vesincebeefriends.Neitherwontherace，butthe55.displayofhumankindnesswontheday.B.testC.meetD.show易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)（五）因慣性思維而錯(cuò)選在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中，由于種種原因，如我們的母語(yǔ)、知識(shí)面、思維習(xí)慣等都有可能讓學(xué)生形成一些思維定式。這些思維定式往往導(dǎo)致我們作出錯(cuò)誤的選擇。完形填空解題中因慣性思維而失分常有以下兩種情況：（1）學(xué)習(xí)單詞時(shí)受到的思維定式影響學(xué)生往往過(guò)于簡(jiǎn)單化地記憶單詞的中文意思，而忽略實(shí)際用法及英漢差異。例：不能用succeedtodosth表達(dá)“成功做某事”。解題時(shí)要關(guān)注語(yǔ)境、含義、用法及詞形轉(zhuǎn)化。（2）學(xué)習(xí)詞組或習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)時(shí)受到的思維定式影響學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)詞組時(shí)容易受到思維定式影響。例：學(xué)習(xí)waitfor后，有些學(xué)生在遇到wait后面接介詞時(shí)，就選擇for。但在Hestoppedhiscartowaitattheredlight.中不用for。解題時(shí)要注意文章結(jié)構(gòu)、上下文邏輯關(guān)系，整句理解和整段把握?！镜淅浚?023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷）Theflightwas53.uneventful，andTiffywasagreatpassenger.Thenextday，she54withKarenandmadeitbacktoGeorgeinVirginiawithinafewdays.Hewasso55.thankfulandsentmeaniceemailwithpictures.ItfeltgreattoknowthatIhadhelpedbringthisfamilytogetheragain.B.foughtC.flewD.agreed三、典例探究（2024·重慶名校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考）Iwastheninmyearlytwenties.EventhoughIwasarmedwithadegreeinEducation，findinga1teachingjobwasnoteasy.Ihadtotrysometemporaryones.Thisyear，whenagoldenopportunity2toteach5thgradestudentsinalocalschool，I3itandtookthingsseriously.I4myselfwithlessonplans，taughtwithenthusiasm，andstayed5withthestudents.Ihadnohesitationin6thekidswhentheygottheanswerright，andencouragedthemiftheydidn’t.Onedaywhenthekidswere7，agirlapproachedandhandedmea8beforeshewenthome.Onitwasalovelydrawingfullofchildlikewonder，9bythewords，“YouarethebestteacherIhaveeverhad！”Itreallyamazedmethatoneofmykindmentshad10thatgirl’sheartgreatly.Itookthatnotehomeand11putitinafolder，lookingonitasa12becauseitwasveryimportant.AnytimeIwasfeelingdownIwouldlookatitanditprovedtobea13.Thatexperienceshowedmethe14ofjustasinglekindword.Itencouragedmetocontinuetotrymybesteachdayto15loveandkindnessthroughmywordsandactions.Wishthesameforothers.1.（）A.firstrate B.wellpaid C.laborsaving D.fulltime2.（）A.escaped B.demanded C.arose D.arranged3.（）A.jumpedat B.thoughtabout C.waitedfor D.dreamtof4.（）A.occupied B.amused C.concerned D.contented5.（）A.familiar B.positive C.strict D.consistent6.（）A.evaluating B.supporting C.instructing D.congratulating7.（）A.graded B.dismissed C.tested D.taught8.（）A.note B.gift C.parcel D.book9.（）A.judged B.indicated C.emphasized D.acpanied10.（）A.hardened B.touched C.broken D.gladdened11.（）A.simply B.casually C.carefully D.eagerly12.（）A.reminder B.treasure C.proof D.secret13.（）Afort B.fortune C.fantasy D.privilege14.（）A.target B.application C.power D.principle15.（）A.clarify B.find C.feel D.spread四、訓(xùn)練檢測(cè)Test1（2023·銅仁二模）A12yearoldartistfromIowaisusinghisartworkstoraiseawarenessandmoneyforchildren’scancer.WhenArshPalwaseightyearsold，hewas1paintingsuppliesforhisbirthday.Hebeganpaintingwatercolourcanvases（油畫(huà)），andhadmadesomanythathebegan2someofthemtohisfamilyandfriendsasgifts.Astimewenton，Palgotevenbetteratpainting，andhispaintingsgrewin3inAmerica，especiallyamongtheyoungpeople.4，hestartedsellinghispaintingsand5100percentofhisproceeds（收入）toSt.JudeChildren’sResearchHospital.Heseta6toraise$1，000，whichhequickly7.Sincethen，Palhas8morethan$15，000，andhasdonatedtoatleastfivecharities.Forallofhishardworkand9，PalwasrecentlyhonouredwiththeDianaAward，a10youthhumanitarianawardnamedafterthelatePrincessDiana.The11isgivento“outstandingyoungpeople”betweentheagesof9and25whoare“12creatingandsustainingpositivesocialchange”.“Ifeelreally13thatI’vegotitbecauseit’saprettybigaward，”P(pán)altoldDesMoinesRegister.Inhisfreetime，Palalso14nursinghomeresidentshowtopaint.Hehopestosoonstartteachingfreepaintinglessonstokidsaswell，particularlythosewho15frombadanxietyandemotionalstruggles.1.A.gifted B.promised C.advised D.expected2.A.goingoverB.turningdown C.puttingaway D.givingaway3.A.scale B.content C.popularity D.degree4.A.Hopefully B.Eventually C.Obviously D.Generally5.A.providing B.donating C.delivering D.lending6.A.plan B.dream C.goal D.purpose7.A.reached B.changed C.supported D.decided8.A.promoted B.requested C.gathered D.raised9.A.honesty B.patience C.generosity D.courage10.A.famous B.normal C.similar D.regular11.A.title B.award C.money D.status12.A.naturally B.formally C.effectively D.selflessly13.A.nervous B.curious C.happy D.confused14.A.teaches B.observes C.informs D.arranges15.A.escape B.separate C.benefit D.sufferTest2（2023·武漢模擬）TheschoolsinMassachusettswerethoughtasthebestinthecountry.AndanOlympicsizeswimmingpoolwasthe1.Butitwasn’tforme.Iwasquite2inregularclassesandsatinthebacksoI’dnotbe3toread.EachMondayIwouldworkmywaytothebackofthe4formingatthedivingboardsoIwouldnothavetopracticethedives.Mybloodrancoldwhentheteacher5wewouldbegradedforourfinalonthemostdifficultdive—thejackknife.Itrembledasthelinetothedivingboard6.AsIwatched，eachstudentseemedtoperformthedive7.Theyjustjumpedattheendoftheboardonce，addedajumpfor8，foldedherbodyinhalf，andfinally9outlikeanarrowforentryintothewater.IthinkIwasactuallyinastateof10，becauseallofasuddenIsawthesefourstepsas11.Thenitwasmyturn.Withmyheart12，IbarelyfinishedasIhad13inmymind.ThoughIreceivedanaveragegradethatday，Iwas14withit.ItwasawesometothinkthatIjustlearnedmyfirstdive；15，IbelievedwhateverImetinthefuture，Iwouldgiveatryfirst. B.focus C.proof D.best2.A.shy B.autonomous C.consistent D.dull3.A.calledin B.calledupon C.pulledup D.pulledapart4.A.seat B.room C.pool D.line5.A.claimed B.instructed C.suggested D.announced6.A.lengthened B.shortened C.formed D.disappeared7.A.effortlessly B.undoubtedly C.hopelessly D.unbelievably8.A.grades B.dive C.height D.action9.A.jumped B.stuck C.reached D.straightened10.A.hesitation B.shock C.satisfaction D.confusion B.reasonable C.doable D.breathable B.torn C.broken D.sinking B.judged C.expected D.mentioned B.strict C.pleased D.connected B.instead C.overall D.meanwhile完形填空微技能三答案【典例】（2023·1月浙江卷）解析本題是典型的語(yǔ)篇層次題，僅憑題目所在的句子無(wú)法確定答案，此類題目需要綜合全篇來(lái)找線索。根據(jù)下文中的...Ziyadgotclosetothehivewhichwasaround20metresabovetheground可知，養(yǎng)蜂人Ziyad爬到了離地面約20米的高處。由此可知，蜂箱應(yīng)該在樹(shù)頂。自主解答C【典例】（2023·全國(guó)乙卷）解析四個(gè)選項(xiàng)形式相似、詞性相同，部分學(xué)生容易因混淆而失分。本題可以利用聯(lián)系上下文分析法解題。根據(jù)下文可知，道格拉斯后來(lái)取得了非凡的成績(jī)，這正是她所需要做的事。此處exactly意為“恰好，正好”，在句中用于強(qiáng)調(diào)。自主解答C【典例】（2023·1月浙江卷）解析根據(jù)上文可知，收獲蜂蜜是在離地面約20米的樹(shù)頂上，因此Ziyad應(yīng)該是小心翼翼地朝著蜂箱緩慢移動(dòng)。inch指“（使朝某方向）謹(jǐn)慎移動(dòng)”，對(duì)于學(xué)生而言，這一含義較為生僻，較難選出正確答案。自主解答D【典例】（2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷）解析根據(jù)上下文可知，Bailey和Lenoue在比賽前素不相識(shí)，但這之后成了朋友。meet除了“會(huì)議；見(jiàn)面”等常見(jiàn)意思外，還有“運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)；體育比賽”的含義。自主解答C【典例】（2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷）解析根據(jù)上下文可知，作者帶著狗狗到達(dá)了堪薩斯城，后面的行程由Karen帶著狗繼續(xù)飛往弗吉尼亞。但學(xué)生受思維定式影響，可能看到with就下意識(shí)地以為選擇agreewith這個(gè)固定搭配，從而誤選。自主解答C【典例剖析】語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者20多歲時(shí)得到進(jìn)入當(dāng)?shù)匾凰鶎W(xué)校任教的機(jī)會(huì)。一天放學(xué)時(shí)，一個(gè)小女孩給了作者一張便箋，稱作者是她遇到的最好的老師，這讓作者非常驚訝。這次經(jīng)歷也讓作者認(rèn)識(shí)到善意話語(yǔ)的力量。1.D根據(jù)上文的EventhoughIwasarmedwithadegreeinEducation和下文的Ihadtotrysometemporaryones.可知，此處表示雖然作者有教育學(xué)位，但找到一個(gè)全職的教學(xué)工作依舊不容易，因此作者不得不嘗試一些臨時(shí)的教學(xué)工作。2.C根據(jù)上下文可知，當(dāng)一個(gè)絕佳的機(jī)會(huì)出現(xiàn)時(shí)，作者迫不及待地抓住這次機(jī)會(huì)。3.A參見(jiàn)上題解析。jumpatachance/anopportunity抓住一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。4.A根據(jù)上文的tookthingsseriously可知，此處指作者忙于課程計(jì)劃。occupyoneselfwithsth意為“忙著做某事”。5.B根據(jù)上文的taughtwithenthusiasm和下文作者對(duì)學(xué)生的態(tài)度可知，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)作者始終積極地對(duì)待學(xué)生。6.D根據(jù)下文whentheygottheanswerright，andencouragedthemiftheydidn’t并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，學(xué)生回答問(wèn)題正確時(shí)作者會(huì)向他們表示祝賀。7.B根據(jù)下文beforeshewenthome可知，此處表示一天，當(dāng)學(xué)生放學(xué)時(shí)。8.A根據(jù)下文的Itookthatnotehome可知，一個(gè)女孩走過(guò)來(lái)遞給作者一張便箋。9.D根據(jù)上下文可知，便箋上是一幅美麗的畫(huà)，充滿了孩子般的好奇，還附有一些文字。10.B根據(jù)上文的YouarethebestteacherIhaveeverhad！可知，作者善意的話語(yǔ)觸動(dòng)了那個(gè)女孩的心。11.C根據(jù)下文becauseitwasveryimportant可知，作者應(yīng)該是把那張紙條小心翼翼地放在一個(gè)文件夾里。12.B根據(jù)上文的Itookthatnotehomeand11putitinafolder和空后的becauseitwasveryimportant可知，作者很珍視這個(gè)便箋，把它視為珍寶。13.A根據(jù)上文的AnytimeIwasfeelingdownIwouldlookatit可知，每次作者感到情緒低沉?xí)r，都會(huì)看看這張便箋。由此可知，這張便箋對(duì)作者來(lái)說(shuō)是一種安慰。14.C根據(jù)下文可知，那句話一直鼓勵(lì)著作者，所以是向他展示了一句友善的話語(yǔ)的力量。15.D根據(jù)空后loveandkindnessthroughmywordsandactions可知，作者通過(guò)自己的言行來(lái)傳播愛(ài)和善良。Test1【訓(xùn)練檢測(cè)】Test1語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。ArshPal是來(lái)自美國(guó)愛(ài)荷華州的一名12歲的小畫(huà)家，他將賣畫(huà)所得全部捐給醫(yī)院和慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，來(lái)幫助那些患有癌癥的兒童。解析：A根據(jù)下文forhisbirthday可知，畫(huà)畫(huà)用品是人們贈(zèng)送給ArshPal的生日禮物。這里gift是動(dòng)詞，意為“贈(zèng)送”。解析：D根據(jù)下文asgifts可知，ArshPal將一些自己的畫(huà)送給家人和朋友。giveaway意為“贈(zèng)送”。解析：C由于ArshPal的畫(huà)越來(lái)越好，因此受到越來(lái)越多的人喜歡。growinpopularity是固定表達(dá)，意為“越來(lái)越受歡迎”。解析：B最后，ArshPal開(kāi)始售賣自己畫(huà)的畫(huà)。解析：B根據(jù)下文hisproceeds（收入）toSt.JudeChildren’sResearchHospital可知，ArshPal將自己賣畫(huà)所得全部捐給了該醫(yī)院。解析：C根據(jù)下文的toraise$1，000可知，ArshPal給自己設(shè)定了一個(gè)目標(biāo)。解析：AArshPal很快