七寶中學高考英語之語法專項復習(非謂語)

1、非謂語動詞,To do; to be done;to be doing; to have done; to have been done,Doing; being done; having done; ones doing Ones not doing;ones not being done,否定形式?,Doing; done; Having done; having been done;being done,主,賓,補,定,表,狀,主,賓,補,定,表,壯,不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別,形式不同 Its very important to learn English well. Learning

2、 English well is very important. Its very important for us to learn English well. Our learning English well is very important.,How to say 他們取得這次比賽的勝利真是令人興奮?,Its very exciting for them to win the game.,Their winning the game is very exciting.,注意不定式做主語的另一句型 Its+adj+of sb to do sth,意義不同,不定式表示某一具體的動作或將來

3、待發(fā)生的事;而動名詞表示動作的一貫性,Communicating is more than listening and speaking. Living in big cities means pushing on and off buses. Come on, to refuse an invitation is impolite. To be an architect is my ambition.,要注意互相平行一致,Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. Its more important to learn English than to

4、 learn Russian. Learning English is more important than learning Russian.,作賓語的區(qū)別,絕大多數(shù)都用不定式 ,只有少數(shù)十幾個動詞要求接動名詞,Finish; practise; enjoy; mind; delay; admit; deny; avoid; appreciate;bear; stand; understand;escape; risk; imagine; need/want/require; suggest,雙重意義的動詞,Remember; forget;regret;stop; mean; try;

5、consider; permit; allow; require; advise; forbid; persuade;,介詞后要求接動名詞 作賓語,注意區(qū)分介詞to和不定式符號to. 以下為介詞“to”,Come to; agree to; object to; stick to; see to; lead to; devoteto; be used to;/be accustomed to; look forward to; prefer to refer to; pay attention to; due to; be opposed to; in addition to; be clos

6、e to; get down to,動名詞的常用搭配句型和短語,There is no point (in) doing/ Its no use(good)doing Be worth doing/ be worthy +of being done to be done Be worth +sth +to do,Have difficulty/trouble/a hard (good) time/fun doing but take trouble to do Be busy doing /be busy with sth Spend/waste time+ on sth (in)doing/

7、done Succeed in doing/fail to do/manage to do What about/ how about doing Keep/protect/prevent/stopfrom doing Need/want/require doing/to be done,試比較: Cant help doing/ cant help(to) do/ cant (help) but do Feel like doing/ would like to do Warn sb against doing/warn sb not to Set about doing/set out t

8、o do,常接不定式作賓語的動詞,動詞短語及形容詞短語,Hope;wish;expect; agree; pretend; manage;offer; afford; seem; attempt; intend; decide; fail Make great efforts; go all out; set out; prefer to do; had better;would rather; be able/determined/reluctant;unwilling,帶it作形式賓語的動詞,take; make; think; feel; consider; find,I felt it

9、 foolish of him to mistake VCD for DVD,注意: Dont you think it any good taking what he said for granted?,不定式和分詞作補語的區(qū)別,感官性動詞和使役動詞+賓+do/doing/done,See;watch;notice;observe;hear;listen to;feel,The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(動作被動),I saw her sitting n

10、ear the window when I passed by her room.(動作主動并在進行中） I saw her sit down near the window and turn on the TV.(動作主動但已完成). 此句動詞用于被動結構時,動詞不定式必須要加上to, 如: She was seen to sit down near the window and turn on the TV.,使役動詞have; make; let; get; keep; leave; cause send所帶賓補形式各不相同,I will have the parcel delivere

11、d to the given address at once.(parcel和deliver之間為被動關系) Who did the teacher have write an article for the wall newspaper just now?(teacher和write之間為主動關系),I had my electric fan running all day long yesterday.(表動作的主動和延續(xù)) 注意:在否定句中,只有cant have.doing,Makedo/done Because the microphone is out of order, I ca

12、n hardly make myself heard. When you speak English , you should make others understand you.,It is really hard to get the old man to sign his name on the document.,Icant have you catching cold; Go and get your wet coat changed.,Keepdoing/done leave.doing/done,Newspapers keep us informed of whats happ

13、ening around us.,If left undisturbed, I could have worked out the problem. I was left waiting in the darkness.,Cause.to do,The heavy rain caused the river to rise rapidly.,常見的帶不定式作補語的動詞 Allow; permit; advise; forbid; want; ask; order;wish;expect;would like; persuade;force,不定式做補語的特殊結構,An army spokesm

14、an stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_ clear warnings before firing any shots. A.to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued,said reported thought Sb/sth+be+believed +to do/to have done/to have been done to be doing supposed considered found,He is said to write/ to be wri

15、ting/to have written a book.,Robert is said_abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying,不定式,分詞作定語,1. Have sth to do/to be done 2. There be sth to do(主動表被動),I have a letter to write The secretary asked the boss if he ha

16、d any papers to be typed.,There are many telephones to answer in the office every day.,3. 序數(shù)詞+to do He was the last to finish the work.,分詞作定語(表時態(tài)和語態(tài)) Developing countries/developed countries Worrying situation/worried look The meeting to be held tomorrow held yesterday being held now,在很多情況下,不定式與分詞作定

17、語相當于定語從句. 試比較:,The book to be written will focus on the development of computer science.=which will be written The book being written will be published next month. which is being written The book written by Dickens is well received by English-major students. which was written,注意(1)分詞的完成式不可作定語,The fi

18、lm having been made(false) in Hong kong attracted a large audience. The film made in Hong kong attracted a large audience The film which was made.,(2) 如果兩個動作并非同時發(fā)生,不能用現(xiàn)在分詞,He told me the accident happening (false)yesterday. that happened The first European explorers visiting(false) Chian brought bac

19、k the kite to Europe. who had visited,(3)有些不及物動詞的過去分詞作前置定語時表示動作已發(fā)生,沒有被動的意義.,His broken glasses; a fallen leaf; boiled water; developed countries,etc.,(4).不及物動詞的過去分詞不能作后置定語,一定要用定語從句來表示.,The boy failed in the oral exam felt discouraged.(false) who failed,改錯: The tower having been repaired last year is

20、 now open to the public. The police are trying to find the man escaped the night before. Do you happen to know the girl questioned by the police now? She is red in the face. There will be more than three hundred scientists attending the meeting held the day after tomorrow.,Repaired,which was repaire

21、d,who escaped,escaped man,being questioned,to be held/which will be held,不定式,分詞作狀語,不定式常用作目的，結果。如： in order to/ so as to tooto/so as to/enough to/only to 不定式還可用作原因狀語說明引起主語情感變化的原因.如: Be gald to do/be reluctant/be determined/sorry/anxious/eager/prepared/delighted;etc,分詞作狀語常相當于對應的狀語從句, 表時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨、結

22、果等。如： Crossing the street, he saw a beggar sitting on the sidewalk. Caught in the rain, the boy was wet through.,Heated to a high temperature, water turns into vapour. Not having found the key to the house, he managed to go in through an open window. The panda slowly walked towards the bamboo shoots

23、, looking back from time to time on the way. He had a toothache, leaving the meal untouched.,試比較:He opened the door, only to find the ground was covered with snow.,分詞作狀語時,前面可以用連詞或介詞,如: Before cooking, she stood in front the window watching the children playing in the garden.,Unless permitted, the cl

24、erk never goes into the managers office. It is not strange to find food prices are lower than expected. When properly trained, a dog can become a police one.,分詞作狀語時,應注意以下幾點: 分詞的邏輯主語必須與主句的主語保持一致; 當主句中出現(xiàn)連詞but; so; and時,不用分詞短語,而用簡單句; 分詞短語的邏輯主語如果不是句子的主語,應用分詞的獨立主格結構;如: Weather permitting, we will go for

25、an outing to the seaside.,4. 分詞作伴隨狀語時,只能用現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞,不能用完成形式,因為伴隨狀語與謂語動詞是同時進行的. 5.分詞作結果狀語時,只能用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,指前面整個句子,相當于which引導的非限制性的定語從句.如: The car was held up in the traffic, causing the delay. which caused,Correct the errors in the following sentences. Hidden in the cave, the pirates couldt find the diamon

26、ds. He kept silent, finding that his mother got increasingly upset with him. While addressing to a large group, your tone should be clear and loud.,4. She stayed up late, to wait for her son to get back home. 5. To see the boy crying at the gate of the cinema, Mary went forward to comfort him. 6. Ro

27、binson walked slowly back toward his cave, having looked back from time to time,full of fear. 7. European football is played in 80 countries, to make it the most popular sport in the world. 8. Being ill, she had to stay at home to look after her mother. 9. Being ill, so he didnt t come to school.,不定

28、式、分詞作狀語的特殊結構： Generally speaking, TV is the most important source of news. Judging from his accent, he is from Scotland. Taking all into consideration/Considering everything, your proposal is more practical than any of the others. Talking of the English Channel, do you know when it was completed? To

29、 tell you the truth, your letter has been delivered to the wrong address.,高考例證: (99) 1. _your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check 2. There are five pairs_, but Im at a loss which to buy. to be chosen B. to choose from C. t

30、o choose D. for choosing 3. -Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? -_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 4. A computer does only what thinking people_. Have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it done,5. The lady s

31、aid she would buy a gift for her daughter with the_. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars (2000)1. _ in1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 2. The_ boy w

32、as last seen_ near the East Lake. A. missing; playing B. missing; play C. missed; played D. missed; to play 3. Tony was very unhappy for_ to the party. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited,(2001)1. The bell_ the end of the period rang,_ our h

33、eated discussion. indicating; interpreting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted 2. I really appreciate_ to relax with you on this nice island. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time (2002(1. In order to gain a bigger share in the

34、international market, many state-run companies are striving_ their products more competitive. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made 2. Though_ money, his parents managed to send him t university. Lacked B. lacking C. lacking D. lacked in,3. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. Being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 4. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed (2003)1. The discovery of new evidence