高考英語閱讀理解解題技巧

1、解題技巧1,閱讀理解,樹人中學(xué) 冉茂軍,How To Get The Main Idea?,如何做主旨大意題?,抓主旨大意有兩條思路,閱讀理解 是英語能力培養(yǎng)的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，是考試的一個(gè)重要題型，分值高、題量大。閱讀理解考查的根本是檢驗(yàn)學(xué)生對有關(guān)信息的加工能力。 閱讀理解能力的重要標(biāo)志是閱讀速度和理解力的正確率。 因此，閱讀理解的功夫應(yīng)下在平時(shí)。多分析題型，多了解考點(diǎn)，真正做到有的放矢，提高命中率。,主旨大意型,事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)型,詞 義 猜 測 型,命 題 類,推 理 判 斷 型,抓主旨大意 任何一篇文章都是圍繞某一個(gè)中心思想逐步展開的，也就是說每篇文章都有主旨要義。閱讀中，抓住了主題句就抓住了文章的靈

2、魂 主旨大意題主要考查作者的寫作目的，把握主旨大意對解答完型填空，七選五，語法填空也有幫助，因此，抓全文大意非常重要。 要快速抓住主題大意就得采用略讀法，略讀就是重點(diǎn)看首尾段和每句的首尾段，迅速找出主題句。,1：考主題 1)Which of the following best expresses the main idea/theme? 2)The text mainly tell us_ 2：選標(biāo)題 1)Whats the best title for this passage? 2) The text (passage) could be entitled _. 3：判斷目的 1)Wha

3、t is purpose of author writing the text? 2)What does the writer intend to tell us?,主旨大意題的常見的提問形式:,整樣找出主題句 方法1：文體判斷法 文體判斷法即了解所讀文章文體類型：議論文，科普說明文，科普實(shí)驗(yàn)或調(diào)研結(jié)果報(bào)道，新聞報(bào)道，記敘文，并發(fā)現(xiàn)其主題句常出現(xiàn)的位置規(guī)律。,判文體，找主題句 1：議論文的主題句通常在文首，有的在文尾，也可首位呼應(yīng)。 2：新聞報(bào)道類的主題句常在句首。 3：科普實(shí)驗(yàn)或調(diào)研結(jié)果的報(bào)道和科普類說明文，文章主旨就是科研的結(jié)果，主題句常在文首。 4：純記敘文通常沒有主題句，需作者自己領(lǐng)悟

4、，從中歸納提煉，但有時(shí)在文尾會發(fā)表感慨，議論，主旨就在文尾，要注意在文首的感慨和議論 5：有的議論文和科普說明文，作者先描述一種現(xiàn)象或講一個(gè)故事，為表達(dá)某人觀點(diǎn)做鋪墊，然后用this/that is等承上啟下的句子來闡述文章的觀點(diǎn)，然后展開，這時(shí)主題句在中間了。,語句提醒法 -抓主旨的4個(gè)小竅法 （1）有but，however，in fact 等語義轉(zhuǎn)折的地方，其后通常是作者要表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，即主題句。 （2）作者表述觀點(diǎn)后通常會有for example 來佐證，即舉例前是作者的觀點(diǎn) (3)若是問句開頭的文章，答句很可能是文章的主題句 （4）在每個(gè)段落中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，很可能是體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞

5、，抓住了他們就抓住了文章的主旨。,主旨大意題,干擾項(xiàng) 可能是文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。,干擾項(xiàng) 可能是從文中某些 (不完全的) 事 實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論。,干擾項(xiàng) 可能屬非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。,(正確答案) : 據(jù)文章全面理解 而歸納概括出來的；不能太籠統(tǒng)、言過其實(shí)或以偏概全。,閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練,Basic Training,-主旨大意題,Passage 1 開門見山, 提出主題, 隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想. 最常見的演繹法寫作方式. Worldwide, at least one- third of all food produced is wasted ev

6、ery year. with an extra two billion mouths to feed by 2050 global food waste is an escalating issue that is difficult to ignore. We throw away or waste 1.3 billion tons at a cost of i trillion,according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (FAO) In Industrialized Nations,a

7、lmost half of the food spoiled-roughly 300 million tons yearly-is still fit for consumption. This is more than the total food production of sub-Saharan Africa,and enough to feed the estimated 870 million people currently hungry in the world today. People in rich regions,such as in Europe and North A

8、merica,consume roughly 900kg of food every year, and per capita waste is around 115kg a year, compared to sub-Saharan Africa and South-east Asia, where they only throw away up to 11kg a year, according to the FAO. What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage? 1:the importance of playin

9、g our part in the global food crisis. 2:a worldwide increasing serious issue- the food waste. 3:the measure that the whole world is talking are to reduce the food waste. 4: the global peoples awareness in reducing the food waste.,練習(xí)題,細(xì)節(jié)題,解釋,Passage 1 通常前面介紹不同人的觀點(diǎn)， 為作者的觀點(diǎn)做鋪墊，, 而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋, 支撐或發(fā)展.主題句在文

10、中。 Some people think that success is only for those with talent or those who grow up in the right family, and others believe that success mostly comes down to luck. I m not going to say luck,talent ,and circumstances dont come into play because they do. Some people are born into the right family whi

11、le others born with great intelligence, and thats just the reality of how life is . However, to succeed in life, one first needs to set a goal and then gradually make it more practical. And , in addition to that, in order to get really good at something, one neeeds to spending at least10,000 hours s

12、tudying and practicing. This will require even more time,time that that most people wont put in. What is the main theme of the passage? A: having a goal is vital to success. B: being good is different from being great. C: one can not succeed without time and practice D: luck,talent and family helps

13、to achieve success.,練習(xí)題,細(xì)節(jié)題,解釋,Passage 1 注意作者的表達(dá)意圖與感慨 Since the moment Darnell Wynn was diagnosed with ovarian(卵巢的）cancer, she has refused to let the disease keep her from her passion - running. This weekend she and a group of supporters gathered together and ran the Partner Re 5K rout to raise awar

14、eness of ovarian cancer. She is two-year survivor. When she first received the surgery, one of her main concers was when she could be able to run again. She was sent home to heal before returning for chemotherapy(化療）?！?I came home , and never thought about cancer”. “the symptoms are often masked and

15、 a lot of women dont know that if they have a close family member who had breast cancer, theft are at the risk of ovarian cancer,” she said.” i had two sisters who had breast cancer. Every year i went for pap smears.a pap smear only shows up cervical cancer(宮頸癌），it doesnt show ovarian cancer. We thi

16、nk we are doing all the right tests. women should know if they have a history of breast cancer, they should have a regular internal ultrasound as well,in addition to a pap smear. What is the purpose of the passage? A: ovarian cancer is always being ignored. B: women should raise their awareness of o

17、varian cancer. C: women should be tested in September D:ovarian cancer is threatening your life.,練習(xí)題,細(xì)節(jié)題,解釋,Passage 1 問句開頭的文章，要注意作者的回答與闡述 4.Do you want to live with a strong sense of peacefulness, happiness, goodness, and self-respect? The collection of happiness actions broadly categorized as “hono

18、r” help you create this life of good feelings. Heres an example to show how honorable actions create happiness. Say a store clerk fails to charge us for an item.If we keep silent, and profit from the clerks mistake, we would drive home with a sense of sneaky excitement later we might tell our family

19、 or friends about our good fortune .On the other hand, if we tell the clerk about the uncharged item, the clerk would be grateful and thank us for our honesty. We would leave the store with a quiet sense of honor that we might never share with another soul. Which of the following can be the best tit

20、le of this passage. A.How to Live Truthfully B.Importance of Peacefulness C.Ways of Gaining selfrespect D.Happiness through Honorable Actions,練習(xí)題,細(xì)節(jié)題,解釋,Passage 1 Only three local students won Chinese Blog（博客）Competition. And 15 of the 18 awards went to students from China. 170 students task: to get

21、 a fully-designed blog up and running, complete with many postings based on a theme of choiceall written in Chinese. Themes ranged from local opinionssuch as the usage of Singlish, education and whether Singapore can be a cultural centreto food blogs. The entries were judged on Language proficiency（

22、熟練程度）and the quality of writing, as well as the design and level of exchanging ideas with readers. Academics(學(xué)者) from the National University of Singapore and the SIM University IT experts, and a journalist from Chinese newspaper Lianhe Zaobao in Singapore made up the judges. One of the three local students winning the first prize in the Best Language Award was blogger Christina Gao 19, from the Saint Andrews Junior College