英語語法講座(時態(tài)).ppt

1、英語語法講座,動詞的時態(tài)(Verb Tenses ),以動詞 do 為例，將16種時態(tài)列表如下:,一般現(xiàn)在時（The Present Tense),1.形式：主語+ 動詞（第 三人稱單數(shù)+s/es) 2.基本用法： 表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的習慣動作或存在的狀態(tài)： He gets up at six every day. 表示客觀事實和主語的特征、能力等 The earth moves round the sun. 表示安排或計劃好的將來的動作（常用方位動詞 come,go,arrive,start,stay,leave) The train starts at nine oclock. 在時間或條件狀語

2、從句中：If it is fine tomorrow,we will go swimming. 3.標志：every month, often, once a week等,一般過去時（The Past Tense),1.形式：主語+ 動詞的過去式 2.基本用法: 表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)：I saw him yesterday. 表示過去的某一段時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動作When I studied in the College,I read aloud every morning. 用于虛擬語氣中，表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?，假設(shè)等。I wish I did not do that again. 3.標志：ye

3、sterday,last week ,three days ago in 1994等；或when 引導(dǎo)的從句 .,一般將來時（The Future Tense ),1.形式：主語+will+動詞原形 2.基本用法: 表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)：He will come and help me tomorrow. 表示將來經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)：We will go for an outing(旅行) every other week. 3.標志：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow next month,soon, in future, in 2008,一般將來時不同表達法,

4、will+ do. We wont have any classes tomorrow. be going to do .It is going to rain be to do. They are to meet in front of the hall. be about to do. The conference is about to begin. 常用方位動詞 （ come,go,arrive,start,stay)的現(xiàn)在時，表示安排或計劃好的將來的動作。 My friend is about to arriving here next week. 在時間或條件狀語從句中： If i

5、t is fine tomorrow,we will go swimming,過去將來時(The past Future),1.形式 由“shall或will的過去式should或would+動詞原形” 2.基本用法 表示在過去某一時刻之后將要發(fā)生的動作情況 如：we wanted to know when the English class would begin 3.標志：通常用在主句謂語動詞是一般過去時的賓語從句中。,現(xiàn)在進行時（Present Continuous ）,1.形式：主語+am/is /are + doing 2.基本用法: 表示此刻正在進行的動作：What are you

6、 doing here? 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或狀態(tài): We are doing an experiment this month. 表示安排或計劃好的將來的動作（常用方位動詞 come,go,arrive,start,stay). He is coming here next week. 3.標志: now,at present, currently,過去進行時 (past Continuous ),1.形式 ： 由“was(were)”+現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法： 表示在過去某一時刻或某階段正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 She was writing a composition w

7、hen you came in. 3.標志：通常帶一個表示在過去時間的狀語或從句或通過上下文判斷的過去時間。,將來進行時,一般將來進行時： 形式：will/shall be doing 用法：表示將來某時刻或某一階段正在進行的動作或存在狀態(tài) 特點：表示將來的某一時刻或階段，又是會用狀語從句。 過去將來進行時： 形式：would/should be doing 用法：表示過去某一時刻之后的某時刻或某階段要發(fā)生的動作,現(xiàn)在完成時(The Present Perfect),1.形式：Have(has)+ 過去分詞 2.基本用法: 表示動作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成：We have just come back.

8、表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在有影響：They have finished the work. 表示過去發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且可能繼續(xù)延續(xù) I have studied English since 1994. 3.標志：already,just ,yet, recently(lately) so far(up to now), since ,for, ever, before, by,過去完成時(Past Perfect ),1.形式 ： 由“had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法： 表示在過去某一時刻或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作。By the end of last year,I had

9、 worked for fourteen years. 3.標志： already, just , yet, by + 過去時間的狀語; 或when,before等引導(dǎo)的從句通過上下文判斷, 決定是否用過去完成時。,過去完成時的幾種用法,1.By +過去的時間狀語 By the time he retired, he had taught for 35 years. 2.when/as soon as/after +從句 When he had spent all the money he wrote to his father for more money. 3.when/before +從

10、句.The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 4.no sooner.than/ hardly.when 5. as if +從句The man talks as if he had been to every part of the world. 6.indirect speech,將來完成時(Future Perfect),1.形式 ： “will +have +過去分詞 ”構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法： 表示在將來某一時刻之前完成的動作。 By the end of next year,I will have taught English for

11、 fourteen years. 3.標志：by +將來時間的狀語; 或when,before等引導(dǎo)的從句通過上下文判斷. Hurry up!Or the train will have left before we got to the station.,過去將來完成時 (Past Future Perfect),1.形式 ： “would +have +過去分詞 ”構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法： 表示在過去的將來的某時刻之前完成的動作 By the year you graduated in1998, I would have taught English for fourteen years.

12、3.標志：by +表示過去將來的時間狀語; 或when,before等引導(dǎo)的從句通過上下文判斷.,現(xiàn)在完成進行時(present perfect continuous Tense),1.形式 “have/has+ been +現(xiàn)在分詞 ”構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法：表示在過去某一時刻開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作,可能還會繼續(xù)進行下去。They have been studying English for years . 3.標志：for ,since 等表一段時間的狀語.動詞要用延續(xù)動詞（study. Work, play,teach,wait),過去完成進行時,1.形式 “had+ been +現(xiàn)在分詞 ”構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法：就是現(xiàn)在完成進行時相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。They have been studying English for years. 3.標志：for ,since 等表過去的一段時間的狀語.動詞要用延續(xù)動詞（study. Work, play, teach, wait),將來完成進行時,一般將來完成進行時： 1.形式 “will+ have + been +doing ”構(gòu)成。 2.基本用法：表示動作發(fā)生在過去的動作將持續(xù)到將來并且在將來的某一時刻仍在進行。They would have been having the meet by