高中英語必修三 -課文詳解Book 3 -unit 1

1、必修三 unit 1 festivals around the world世界各地的節(jié)日ivocabularytake place 發(fā)生beauty n.美；美人harvest n. & vt. vi. 收獲；收割celebration n.慶祝；祝賀starve vi. & vt.(使)餓死；餓得要死origin n.起源；由來；起因religious adj.宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔誠的seasonal adj.季節(jié)的；季節(jié)性的ancestor n.祖先；祖宗grave n.墳?zāi)?；墓地incense n.熏香；熏香的煙in memory of 紀(jì)念；追念feast n.節(jié)日；盛宴skull

2、 n.頭腦；頭骨halloween n.萬圣節(jié)前夕；諸圣日前夕belief n.信任；信心；信仰dress up 盛裝；打扮；裝飾trick n.詭計；惡作??；竅門 vt. 欺騙；詐騙 play a trick on搞惡作劇；開玩笑magpie n. 喜鵲remindof提醒想起forgive vt.原諒；饒恕poet n. 詩人arrival n.到來；到達(dá)；到達(dá)者gain vt.獲得；得到independence n.獨立；自主 independent adj.獨立的；自主的gather vt. & vi. n.搜集；集合；聚集agriculture n.農(nóng)業(yè)；農(nóng)藝；農(nóng)學(xué) agricult

3、ural adj.農(nóng)業(yè)的；農(nóng)藝的award n.獎；獎品 vt.授予；判定produce n.產(chǎn)品；農(nóng)產(chǎn)品rooster n.雄禽；公雞admire vt.贊美；欽佩；羨慕energetic adj.充滿活力的；精力充沛的；積極的look forward to期望；期待；盼望carnival n.狂歡節(jié)；（四旬節(jié)前的）飲宴狂歡；嘉年華（會）lunar adj.月的；月亮的；陰歷的easter n.(耶穌)復(fù)活節(jié)parade n. 游行；閱兵；檢閱day and night日夜；晝夜；整天the milky way 銀河weave vt. & vi.編織；（使）迂回前進herd n. 牧群；獸群

4、set off 出發(fā)；動身；使爆炸christian n.基督徒；信徒 adj.基督教的；信基督教的jesus n.耶穌cherry n.櫻桃；櫻桃樹blossom n.花； vi. 開花as though 好像have fun with玩得開心custom n.習(xí)慣；風(fēng)俗worldwide adj.遍及世界的；世界性的rosebud n.玫瑰花蕾nesessity n.必要性；需要permission n.許可；允許prediction n.預(yù)言；預(yù)報；預(yù)告fashion n.樣子；方式；時尚parking lot停車場valentines day情人節(jié)turn up 出現(xiàn)；到場keep o

5、nes word守信用；履行諾言hold ones breath屏息；屏氣apologize vi.道歉；辯白drown vt. & vi.淹沒；溺死；淹死obvious adj.明顯的；顯而易見的wipe vt.擦；擦去；揩weep vi.哭泣；流淚 n.哭；哭泣iireading festivals and celebrations節(jié)日與慶祝festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.譯文：從古自今各地都舉行過各式各樣的節(jié)日和慶典?！咀⑨專篽ave been he

6、ld是完成時的被動語態(tài)形式。在英語語言運用中，正確使用時態(tài)和語態(tài)的依據(jù)：(一)不同的時態(tài)有不同的時間狀語與之對應(yīng)，運用時態(tài)依據(jù)：(1)一般現(xiàn)在時常對應(yīng)的時間狀語有usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every few wangguo festival望果節(jié)(藏)days(every +系列)等; (2)現(xiàn)在進行時常對應(yīng)的有now, these days等; (3)現(xiàn)在完成時常對應(yīng)的有already, (not) yet, just, never, up to now, ever since, since +時間點/過去的動作，for +時間段系列， by no

7、w等； (4)一般將來時對應(yīng)的有tomorrow, next week/month/year等表示將來的時間狀語； (5)一般過去式對應(yīng)的有yesterday, last week/month/year, just now, at that time, then, ago等表示過去的時間狀語. (二)語態(tài)判斷依據(jù)：(1)如果強調(diào)動作的執(zhí)行者，就使用主動語態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：動作執(zhí)行者(i)+動作(did) +動作承受者(the job)（即：i did the job）； (2)如果強調(diào)動作的承受者或不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，就使用被動語態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：動作承受者(the job) +動作被動式(was

8、 done) +其它(必要時可用by引導(dǎo)出動作的執(zhí)行者，如by me)】 most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.譯文：大多數(shù)古代節(jié)日是用來慶祝寒冷天氣的結(jié)束、春天的耕作和秋日的收獲?！咀⑨專簑ould表示過去的習(xí)慣，這種習(xí)慣現(xiàn)在也可能依然還有，如： tom was late for class again this morning. he would be late for class】 sometimes, celebra

9、tions would be held after hunters had caught animals.譯文：有時，獵人在捕獲獵物后，就常常舉行慶?；顒印t that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months.譯文：在那時，如果尋找食物很困難，尤其是在寒冷的冬月間，人們就會餓死?！咀⑨專簊tarve vt. & vi.使餓死，餓得要死 eg. 1) because there is no food, the people are starv

10、ing.由于沒有食品, 所以人們在挨餓。 2) shes starving herself, trying to lose weight.她在餓肚子減肥。 3) im starved very much now because i have had nothing at all today.我現(xiàn)在餓極了, 因為我今天什么也沒吃。 由starve構(gòu)成的短語有：starve to death餓死； starve for sth.渴望獲得某物；缺乏某物；starve sb. of sth.使某人因得不到某物而受苦；starve sb. into doing sth.使某人挨餓而做某事；starve

11、sb. out (of sth.)將某人餓得從隱藏處出來。如： 1) they got lost in the desert and starved to death. 2) the money has run out; they starve for a large sum of money to finish the work. 試題： the company is _ money. a. staved for b. starving for c. starving of d. starved注：be starved of sth.急需；缺乏】 todays festivals have

12、many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events.譯文：如今的節(jié)日都有淵源，有的起源于宗教，有的起源于季節(jié)性的，有的是由于特殊的人物或事件而引起的。festivals of the dead亡靈節(jié)some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.譯文：有的節(jié)日是用來紀(jì)念亡靈，或滿足先人，他們可能會

13、回來，要么幫助人們，要么危害人們?！咀⑨專篽onour (1)n.榮幸 eg. it has been a great honour your coming to visit me.您來看我, 不勝榮幸。 (2) vt. 尊敬 eg. 1) we all honour courageous people.我們都尊重勇敢的人。 2) childrenobon盂蘭盆節(jié)(日) should honour their father and mother.孩子們應(yīng)該尊敬其父母。 3) lanny had honoured him as a teacher.蘭尼尊他為師。 4) i am honoured

14、 to be asked to speak.我應(yīng)邀發(fā)言, 不勝榮幸。 5) were deeply honoured that you should agree to join us.想不到您會同意一起來, 真是不勝榮幸。 eitheror要么要么:用來連接兩個并列成份，如： 1) either your watches or mine is wrong.不是你們的表不準(zhǔn), 就是我的表不準(zhǔn)。 2) i have not been to either paris or rome.我既沒有到過巴黎也沒有到過羅馬。】 for the japanese festival obon, people sh

15、ould go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.譯文：像日本的盂蘭盆節(jié)，人們前去掃墓，點起香燭以紀(jì)念祖先?！咀⑨專篿n memory of作為對某人的紀(jì)念 eg. he founded the charity in memory of his late wife.他興辦那個慈善機構(gòu)以紀(jì)念他已故的妻子。 obon日本的盂蘭盆節(jié)：中國古代以一、七、十月之十五日分稱上元、中元、下元：上元是天官賜福日，中元為地官赦罪日，下元為水官解厄日。所以會在中元時普渡孤魂野鬼。中元節(jié)農(nóng)歷7月15日中國民間的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日“中元

16、節(jié)”。在南方，亦稱“鬼節(jié)”。也有說法中元節(jié)是在農(nóng)歷7月14日。節(jié)日這天，人們帶上祭品，到墳上去祭奠祖先，與清明節(jié)上墳相似。在封建時代，地方官府還命令寺廟的和尚道士設(shè)孤魂道場，以祭奠陣亡的軍士，中元節(jié)時，人們要焚燒大量的紙錢。它的另一叫法即盂蘭盆節(jié)。每年農(nóng)歷七月十五日為“盂蘭盆節(jié)”，也稱“中元節(jié)”（一定意義上講，中元節(jié)歸屬道教，盂蘭盆節(jié)歸屬佛教），有些地方俗稱“鬼節(jié)”、“施孤”，又稱亡人節(jié)、七月半?！?they also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to

17、earth.譯文：他們也點亮燈火，演奏音樂，因為他們認(rèn)為這會引領(lǐng)祖先回到世上?！咀⑨專簂ead vt.引導(dǎo)，牽引；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，率領(lǐng)，指揮；影響，勸誘； vi. 通向；導(dǎo)致 (1) lead sb. to sp.領(lǐng)某人到某處 eg. the path leads us to the small village. (2) lead sb. to do sth.致使某人做某事 eg. the terrible scene of the film led us to feel frightened with the natural disaster. (3) lead to通向；導(dǎo)致 eg. all roa

18、ds lead to rome. (4) lead sbs doing sth.導(dǎo)致某人做某事 (5) lead a life過著的生活 eg. now i am leading a happy life. (6) take the lead奪得領(lǐng)先地位 eg. 1) japan has taken the lead in car production.日本在汽車生產(chǎn)中居首位。 2) they took the lead in conducting the experiments.他們帶頭做試驗?！?in mexico, people celebrate the day of the dead

19、 in early november.譯文：在墨西哥，人們在十一月初慶祝鬼節(jié)。 on this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. 譯文：在這個重要的宗教節(jié)日，人們吃一些顱骨形狀的食物還吃一些上面帶有“骨頭”的蛋糕?！咀⑨專篿n the shape of以形狀/形式 eg. 1) the cloud was in the shape of a cock.那云成公雞形。2) he expressed his gratitude to us in th

20、e shape of an invitation to dinner.他請我們吃飯, 表示對我們的感謝?！縯hey offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead.譯文：他們給死者/亡靈供奉食物、鮮花和禮物。 the western holiday halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people.譯文：西方的萬圣節(jié)也有其根源，古時人們相信死者的靈魂能夠回來。 it is now a childrens festival, w

21、hen they can dress up and go to their neighbours homes to ask for sweets.譯文：現(xiàn)在，萬圣節(jié)已成為孩子的節(jié)日，在這一天，他們可以化裝到鄰居家里要糖果?！咀⑨專篸ress up (1)穿上特殊服裝 eg. they all dressed up to take part in the new years party.他們都穿上盛裝, 去參加除夕晚會。 (2)打扮, 梳理, 粉飾, 偽裝 eg. she dressed the children up.她把孩子們打扮得漂漂亮亮。 (3) (使)裝扮成另一種樣子 eg. he d

22、ressed himself up as father christmas.他打扮成圣誕老人。 】 if the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.譯文：如果鄰居不給糖果，孩子們就會捉弄他們。【注釋：play (a) trick on sb.捉弄某人;開某人的玩笑; play a joke on sb.戲弄某人 eg. dont play a trick on him any longer, and he is angry now.】festivals to honour peo

23、ple紀(jì)念性的節(jié)日festivals can also be held to honour famous people.譯文：節(jié)日可以用來紀(jì)念名人。 the dragon boat festival in china honours the famous ancient poet, qu yuan.譯文：中國的端午節(jié)（又叫龍船節(jié)）就是紀(jì)念古代著名詩人屈原。 in the usa, columbus day is in memory of the arrival of christopher columbus in the new world.譯文：在美國，哥倫布日是用來紀(jì)念克里斯托弗哥倫布到達(dá)

24、新大陸的。 india has a national festival on october 2 to honour mohandas gandhi, the leader who helped gain indias independence from britain.譯文：印度的十月2號是全國節(jié)日，以紀(jì)念莫罕達(dá)斯甘地, 他幫助印度擺脫英殖民統(tǒng)治，獲得獨立?！咀⑨專篻ain vt.獲得；得到；增加 (1) gain by/ from sth.從中獲益 eg. i gained a lot by/ from my former experience. (2) carry/ gain ones

25、point說服某人接受自己的觀點 eg. tom has gained my point. (3) gain on sb./ sth.接近/逼近(所追逐的)某人或某物 辨析：gain, win, get, earn, acquire gain指在斗爭、競爭中做出很大努力而“獲得”，所得的東西常具有一定價值。win含有取勝的一方具有優(yōu)越的特質(zhì)或條件而能克服各種障礙的意思，意為“贏得”。get為普通詞，有時指不一定需要努力就能得到。earn意為“贏得”，表示經(jīng)過艱苦努力所得的報酬。acquire意為“獲得，取得”，一般指通過漫長的過程而逐漸獲得。 試題： 1) im new in the job

26、but im already gaining experience. 2) his perseverance won him many friends and a gold medal. 3) my father has lived a long life, and alone enough to win great respect in his town. 3) he has earned a lot of money by working in the evenings. 5) after 10 years hard work, tom has acquired a good knowle

27、dge of english. 6) she doesnt get enough food every day. 】harvest festivals收獲節(jié)日harvest and thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events, people are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over.譯文：由于人們已為冬季采集好食物以及農(nóng)活已畢, 所以人們感謝上蒼，在收獲節(jié)和感恩節(jié)有非?？鞓返幕顒?。【注釋：gratef

28、ul adj. 感激的；感謝的 eg. id be very grateful if you could let me know as soon as possible.如果你盡快讓我知道我將非常感激。 gather vt. 采集, 采拾; 收割, 收獲 eg. 1) he gathered me some good stamps.他為我收集了一些好郵票。 2) my boyfriend gathered some beautiful flowers for me.我的男朋友為我采來一些美麗的花?！?in european countries, people will usually deco

29、rate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals.譯文：在歐洲各國，人們通常會用鮮花和水果裝飾教堂和市政廳，聚在一起吃飯?！咀⑨專篻et together聚會; 聯(lián)歡 eg. 1) all the members of the family get together once a year.全家成員每年團聚一次。 2) its about time we got together for a chat.現(xiàn)在該是我們見面談?wù)劦臅r候了?！?some people migh

30、t win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.譯文：一些人可能會因他們的農(nóng)產(chǎn)品而獲得獎勵，如最大的西瓜，或最雄壯的公雞?！咀⑨專篴ward vt.獎勵；授予； n. 獎；獎品（金） (1) award sth. to sb. = award sb. sth.把某物頒發(fā)給某人 eg. he was awarded a medal for bravery. (2) win the award of $10,000贏得1萬美元獎金 辨析：award, rewa

31、rd, prize ： award指任務(wù)或工作完成的好而給予的額外的獎勵；reward指完成任務(wù)或工作應(yīng)得的報酬；prize指在各類競賽、競爭或抽采中所贏得的獎賞或獎品。如： 1) how can i reward you for your help? 2) i won first prize in the painting competition. 3) the court awarded heavy damages.法院判定很重的損失賠償金。 考題：1) scientists found that young babies learn to do things because certai

32、n acts lead to _. a. rewards b. prizes c. awards d. results 】 china and japan have mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and in china, enjoy mooncakes.譯文：中國和日本都有中秋節(jié)，屆時人們賞月，在中國還吃月餅。spring festivals春節(jié)the most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of wi

33、nter and to the coming of spring.譯文：最具活力的、最為重要的節(jié)日就是那些期盼寒冬的結(jié)束和春天的來臨?！咀⑨專簂ook forward to 期望, 盼望 eg. 1) im looking forward to your visit next week.我在盼望著你下周光臨。 2) we look forward to seeing you again.我們期待著與你再次相見?！?at the spring festival in china, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children

34、lucky money in red paper.譯文：在中國的春節(jié)，人們吃餃子、吃魚、吃肉，還給孩子用紅紙包裹的壓歲錢。 there are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the lunar new year together.譯文：有舞龍的，有狂歡節(jié)，一家人聚在一起慶祝農(nóng)歷新年。 some western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before easter, usually in february.譯文：一

35、些西方國家也有非常令人激動的狂歡節(jié)，通常是在二月的復(fù)活節(jié)之前的45天舉行?！咀⑨專簍ake place發(fā)生；舉行 eg. 1) the threatening strike did not take place after all.可能來臨的罷工終究沒有發(fā)生。 2) the evening party will take place on new years eve.晚會將在除夕那天舉行?！?these carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful

36、clothing of all kinds.譯文：這些狂歡可能包括日日夜夜的游行、跳舞、響亮的音樂和各種各樣的彩色服裝。 easter is an important religious and social festival for christians around the world.譯文：對于世界各地的基督徒來說，復(fù)活節(jié)是一個重要的宗教和社會活動節(jié)日。 it celebrates the return of jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life.譯文：它是慶祝耶穌的復(fù)活和春天及新生命的來臨。 japans cherry blossom festival happens a little later.譯文：日本的櫻花節(jié)來的晚一些。 the country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.譯文：該國，到處都是櫻樹花，看起來就像到處是粉紅色的雪?！咀⑨專篶over with 用遮蓋住, 用填滿 1) he covered his wife with his body.他用身體掩護自己的妻子。 2) the field is covered wit