高考英語情態(tài)動詞講解

1、(a)模態(tài)動詞自主測試點(a)表達力示例：i am starving to death。i can eat two bowls of rice now .(現(xiàn)在的能力)我餓死了?，F(xiàn)在我可以吃兩碗飯了。if you have a good sleep，you will be able to work out this problem。(未來的能力)好好睡一覺就能解決這個問題。the fire spread through the hotel very quickly but every one was able to get out。這場火災(zāi)迅速蔓延到整個酒店，但所有人都能逃出去。i could

2、 have worked out the problem，but i didnt。我能解決這個問題，但沒有解決。(b)表格猜測(可能性)1.可能性可以分為客觀可能性和具體事情實際發(fā)生的可能性兩種。所謂客觀(理論)可能性是不包括特定的事情是否會發(fā)生，這種用法往往能說明人或事物的特性。情態(tài)動詞可用于表示客觀(理論)可能性，一般不用于表示具體事情實際發(fā)生的可能性。例如：accident can happen on such rainy days。這么多雨的天氣可能會出事故。(客觀可能性)peter may come with us tonight，but he isnt sure yet。彼得今晚可

3、能和我們一起來，但他還不確定。(實際可能性，不需要這樣做)表示具體事情實際發(fā)生的可能性。(1)表示具體事情實際發(fā)生的可能性的分級比較語體肯定式否定式疑問型摩絲必須，必須/威爾也許吧，也許吧不，不是嗎.翁可能性比威爾小語氣比wont弱語氣比威爾弱should說話者有更大的誘惑性/奧特托說話者有更大的誘惑性(意思像should)/can/不可能可能嗎？could可疑的可能性不可能語氣比can弱5月也許，也許，不知道可能不是/米格-ht比梅弱比may not弱/(2)表示具體事情實際發(fā)生的可能性時，5月，must通常用于肯定的句子，一般不用于否定的句子或疑問句(5月的意思是“不可能”)。(。多用于否

4、定句、疑問句或感嘆句，表示懷疑、驚訝或不信任等意思。could既可以用于正面句子，也可以用于負面文章，也可以用于疑問句。例如：this cant/couldnt be done by him .(我不相信手表)這不可能是他做的。this may not be done by him。(表格不確定性)這可能不是他做的。he could be on his way home now .(could不像may/might那么常用)他現(xiàn)在可能在回家的路上。can this be done by him？(疑惑，驚訝的表情)這是他做的嗎？bush is on time for everything .h

5、ow can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？(疑惑，驚訝的表情)布什老師把所有的工作都做得很及時。他怎么能遲到開幕式？id dn t hear the phone。i must have been asleep。(檢查表格)沒聽到電話。我確實睡著了。3.would，could，might不一定與過去的時間相關(guān)，但它意味著比他們相應(yīng)的當前時間格式可能性小。此外，should不一定與過去的時間相關(guān)。例如：this may/might be done by him。(后者的音調(diào)比前者弱)這件事大概是他干的。4.推測should/oug

6、ht to表時，表示說話者具有更大的誘惑性。例如：he ought to/should be here on timehe started early enough。他必須按時到達這里他出發(fā)得夠早了。we should arrive before dark。我們開始按天黑前能到。the roads should be less crowded today。今天路上不要那么擁擠。(c)請求、允許、承諾表格1.在對方是決策者的時候代表你自己，或代表(i，we)第三方(he，she，they)詢問對方或(you)建議時使用： shall i (we)？ shall he/she/they. woul

7、d/will you.例如：shall we begin our class？shall the driver wait outside？when shall my father be able to leave hospital？would you do me a favor？2.could/might/would/should表格委婉語的功能。例如：-could/might i use your bike tomorrow morning？-是，-是can/may。(傅晶：no，im afraid not。)，以獲取詳細信息不能說，yes，you could/might?；卮鹪试S的時候委婉

8、地使用could/might表是不恰當?shù)?。例如?could i borrow your dictionary？-是，of course是can。3.使用shall向(you)或第三方(he，she，they)發(fā)出命令、警告、承諾或威脅。另外，公布法律，規(guī)定時也要使用shall。例如：you shall leave the room at once，and he also shall。(=i order you and him to leave the room at once。)，以獲取詳細信息馬上給我滾開！他也一樣。(說話者的意志)it has been announced that ca

9、ndidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected .考生們通知說，在收到所有試卷之前，必須留在座位上。(規(guī)則或法規(guī))(d)表的必要性1.must經(jīng)常用于表示必需。使用“must動詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在或未來需要做某事。dont have to do sth .或dont need to do sth .或need nt do sth .表示過去不需要做什么的時候，分為以下情況。表示過去不需要做什么的時候，實際上做到了。need nt have done sth .無論是否已經(jīng)做了，表示過去不需要

10、做什么的時候didnt have to do sth?；騞idnt need to do sth .或it was not neck to do sth?？梢允褂脽簟＠纾簓ou need n t have worded that late last night .it was harmful to your health。昨晚沒必要工作到那么晚。那對你的身體不好。-did you work very late last night？-no，i didn t . i didn t need to work very late。你昨晚工作到很晚嗎？從不遲到。不用工作到很晚。2.should還可以

11、表示“(義務(wù))應(yīng)得”的必要性。should表的需要比must(必需)的語氣弱?！皊hould動詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)碜瞿呈碌谋匾浴！皊hould have過去分詞法”表示過去需要做什么(的必要性)。例如：i should go and visit him this afternoon，but i wonder if i will be free。今天下午要去拜訪他，不知道我是否有時間。(表示未來的需要)you should have come to the conference yesterday。what was the reason for your absence？你必須參加昨天的那個

12、會議。你缺席的原因是什么？(表示過去的需要)(e)“模式動詞have done”用法列表(6)完成情態(tài)動詞意義例句must have done“可能/一定/一定做了什么”，否定式是cant/couldnt have doneit must have rained last night，for the road is quite muddy。the lights were off .they must have been asleep。can/could have done“本來可以的.”“過去是”can he have gone to his aunts？you could have come

13、 5 minutes earrier。can/could not have done“過去是不可能的”“過去是”i saw mr. wang just now .he couldnt have gone to beijng .may/might have done“也許/也許已經(jīng)”一般只用于正句子和負文章(在負句子中表示“可能不是”)，不用于疑問句。might表示音調(diào)更不確定。its too late。我think he may have gone to bed。he may not have finished the work。she might have caught a cold .sh

14、ould/ought to have done“我本該做些什么，但實際上沒做”you should have come to the meeting earrier。you ought to have done this exercise more carefully。shouldnt/ought not to have done“我不該做”you should n t have told her the truth。neednt have done“做了不用做的事?！备阶ⅲ篸idnt need to do說：“沒必要做，實際上什么都沒做?！眣ou neednt have taken a ta

15、xi here，for it was very near to my house。i didnt need to clean the windows。my brother did it。had better have done事后的提議中，表示“那時做點什么就好了”的小指責的語氣表示否定的had better not have done表示反對的意思。you had better have started earlier。you had better not have scolded her。would rather have done“我寧愿那時做什么”的否定would rather not

16、 have done表示相反的意思，兩者都表示“后悔”。i would rather have taken his advice。i raised objections at the meeting，but now i would rather not have done that。would like/love to have done表示過去愿意做某事，但沒有實現(xiàn)。i would love to have gone to the party last night but i had to work extra hours to finish a report。(7)情態(tài)動詞其他用法要點1.cannot but do sth。“沒辦法。例如：i cannot but choose to go。我只好去了。2.may well和may as well結(jié)構(gòu)(1)“梅韋爾動詞原形”是一般結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“完全可能，可能”。(。例如：he may well be proud of his son。他能以兒子為傲。her appearances has changed so much that you may well not recognize her。她的樣子變化太大了，你可能認不出她了。(2)“may/might as well動詞原形”，意思是“最好的，足夠的，反而不好”，相當于ha