虛擬語(yǔ)氣經(jīng)典講解

1、,虛擬語(yǔ)氣講解 課件,1.英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種語(yǔ)氣， 陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣. 2. 定義：用來(lái)表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語(yǔ)氣叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,虛擬語(yǔ)氣定義,虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn) 1、一般條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法； 2、條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝； 3、名詞性從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法； 4、狀語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法； 5、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法； 6、虛擬語(yǔ)氣與陳述語(yǔ)氣的判定。,一般條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法,1.一般條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,1. if i had hiv, i would know because i would feel sick. 2.

2、if i were you, i would give aids patient a hug. 3. if i had taken your advice, i wouldnt have made a mistake. 4. if he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,5. if it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing. 6. i think we could do it, if we planned it properly and coul

3、d borrow the tools. 7. if we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.,與未來(lái)事實(shí)相反,if i were you, i _ buy the house right now. a. wont b. dont c. wouldnt d. cant 2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. a. if the captain were b. if the captain had been c. should the captain

4、be d. if the captain would have been 3. if he _ me tomorrow, i would let him know a. should call b. should not have been able c. were not able d. are not able,b,c,a,2、條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝； 假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。 條件從句中含有 should，were， had 三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞并且放在句首時(shí)，可以把if省略。 if i were you, i would give it up. were i you, i would give it

5、up. if i had had time, i would have run round that lake again. had i had time, i would have run round that lake again. if there should be a flood, what should we do? a flood, what should we do?,shoul there be,3. 混合(時(shí)間錯(cuò)綜)型虛擬語(yǔ)氣：,假設(shè)條件從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不一致，叫做錯(cuò)綜條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣。主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要依照假設(shè)的時(shí)間而定。 if the wea

6、ther had been finer, the crops would be growing still better. if you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.,without和but for 構(gòu)成虛擬。(but for要不是),without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. but for your help, i wouldnt have finished the work. but for water, i

7、t would be impossible to live in the desert.,4. 含蓄虛擬條件句：,5. 虛實(shí)結(jié)合條件句。 she wasnt feeling very well. otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early. he telephoned me to inform me of your birthday, or i would have known nothing about it. i should have returned the book last week, but i was so busy

8、 that i forgot to do so. he could have done the work well, but he was so careless.,真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣 + otherwise/or + 虛擬語(yǔ)氣,虛擬語(yǔ)氣 + but + 真實(shí)語(yǔ)氣,名詞從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法,1）wish引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,wish,現(xiàn)在： 過(guò)去： 未來(lái)：,過(guò)去時(shí) (did/were),過(guò)去完成時(shí) (had done),would/could/might+v. should,i wish i were a bird. (現(xiàn)在) i wish i hadnt made such a mistake. (過(guò)去)

9、we wish our parents wouldnt punish us. (未來(lái)),2）主要是表示堅(jiān)持，命令、要求、建議的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist 兩個(gè)命令：order, command 三個(gè)建議：advise, suggest, propose 四個(gè)要求：demand , require, request, desire,這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞 使用should + 動(dòng)詞原形，或者將should省略。,我們建議tom去休息一下。 他堅(jiān)決要求我到場(chǎng)。 國(guó)王命令囚犯明天要實(shí)施死刑。 他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌?we suggested that

10、 tom (should) have a rest.,he insisted that i (should) be present.,the king ordered that the prisoners (should) be killed the next day.,they requested that we (should) send them to work there.,以上動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句（包括主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句）也要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。從句中的動(dòng)詞形式一樣。 order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, reque

11、st, desire,its suggested that the plan be carried out. my demand is that she should come to see me once a week. all of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.,2. 主語(yǔ)從句 1）its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that - 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形,1.it is important that

12、 we ( should ) master a foreign language. 2. it is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 3. its necessary that we should study hard.,2）its a pity/ no wonder + that - 從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，表示驚訝，遺憾，惋惜等感情色彩，即should+動(dòng)詞原形,1.it is a pity that she should refuse to accept the offer. 2. it is no wonder that joh

13、n should have won the game.,名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 a、賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在動(dòng)詞 suggest, order, demand, request, desire, insist, require, decide, determine, advise, recommend, deserve (值得提及) 后需用 should 型的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,考題點(diǎn)擊： the teacher demanded that the work _ before 4 oclock. a. finished b. be finished c. should finish d. finish

14、 2. - what did the doctor say about your mothers illness? - he suggested that she _ an operation at once. a. must haveb. hadc. have d. had had,b,c,b、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 基本句型： it is suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do it is important, necessary, natural, desira

15、ble, strange, advisable, imperative it is a pity, a shame, no wonder,考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. is it necessary that he _ the examination? a. takesb. has to takec. must taked. take 2. it is strange that he _ you this. a. would tell b. should tell c. had told d. has told,d,b,c、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣 在 suggestion, proposal,

16、idea, plan, order, advice 等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。my idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.i make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,考題點(diǎn)擊： his suggestion that you _ once more sounds reasonable. a. try b. tries c. must try d. can try,a,狀語(yǔ)從

17、句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法,1）as if /as though,現(xiàn)在： 過(guò)去：,過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),he looks as if he were drunk.,they talked as if they had been friends for years.,she loves the baby as if it were her own son. it seems as if it were spring. i remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,2）in case, for fear that, lest等引導(dǎo)的虛

18、擬語(yǔ)氣,1. he took his raincoat with him in case it should rain. 2. i will not make a noise for fear that i should disturb you.,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型,1. would rather that -,現(xiàn)在： 過(guò)去： 未來(lái)：,i would rather you paid me now. (現(xiàn)在),i would rather you had gone, too. (過(guò)去),dont come. i would rather you came tomorrow. (未來(lái)),過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)

19、去時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),2. if only (要是就好了) if only i knew his name! if only we had followed your advice! if only i could see him again!,要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。 要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車就好了！,if only our parents could live with us!,if only i hadnt missed the train!,3. its high time +that -,should +v.,過(guò)去時(shí),你該走了。,我們?cè)撍X(jué)了。,its high time that

20、 you went. its high time that you should go.,its time that we went to bed. its time that we should go to bed.,經(jīng)典題目 1. if you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. asked would know had asked would have known c. asked him know d. had asked would know 2. what would have happened, _ as far as the river

21、 bank? a. bob had walked farther b. if bob should walk farther c. had bob walked farther d. if bob walked farther,c,d,3. how i wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海) a. hasb. hadc. will haved. had had 4. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (9

22、5 n) a. breaksb. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken,b,c,陳述語(yǔ)氣與虛擬語(yǔ)氣 典型例題5) the volleyball match will be put off if it _. a.will rain b. rains c. rained d. is rained 6) - would you have called her up _ possible? - yes, but i _ busy doing my homework. a. had it been was b. if it was were c. if it had been had been d. if it were would be,b,該句為陳述語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)橹骶溆玫氖?will be put off。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代將來(lái)時(shí)。,問(wèn)句中用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句用 would have called, 從句中與過(guò)去相反的動(dòng)詞形式為 had done；答句中表示的是真實(shí)的情況，所以該用陳述語(yǔ)氣。,a,高考題點(diǎn)擊7) you didnt let me drive. if we _ in turn, you _ so tired. a. drovedidnt getb. had drivenwouldn