專八-閱讀(導(dǎo)入篇).ppt

1、2013專業(yè)八級(jí)閱讀講義,中山大學(xué) 代老師,專八試卷的題型、題數(shù)、計(jì)分、比重和時(shí)間列表(新版英語專業(yè)八級(jí)考試大綱）,專四專八對(duì)聽力、閱讀的考察,二、 專四、專八近四年通過率一覽,數(shù)據(jù)來源：專四、專八考試委員會(huì),全國近5年八級(jí)考試子項(xiàng)目得分情況一覽,專八歷年考試趨勢(shì),數(shù)據(jù)來源：專四、專八考試委員會(huì),對(duì)專四、專八考試的總結(jié),專四、專八考試難度逐年加大 通過率逐年呈現(xiàn)小幅度下降趨勢(shì) 專四、專八是完全可以攻克的 通過專業(yè)輔導(dǎo)可以大幅度提高成績 聽力、閱讀、寫作等部分都有特定的解題方法 專四、專八的學(xué)習(xí)永遠(yuǎn)需要努力+技巧,專業(yè)八級(jí)-閱讀理解,閱讀理解考綱要求 閱讀理解給考生提供了更大的語言環(huán)境，更豐富的

2、上下文語音信息，要求考試具備扎實(shí)的語言基礎(chǔ)、熟練的閱讀能力和技巧，并結(jié)合題干和選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵信息和答題方法才能準(zhǔn)確高效地完成答題。另外，閱讀理解的文章給學(xué)生提供了極其針對(duì)性的學(xué)習(xí)資料，使學(xué)生對(duì)英語詞匯、語法句法、文章的主旨構(gòu)成和細(xì)節(jié)支持以及文章上下文的語義邏輯關(guān)系等都會(huì)有最深刻最直觀的理解和認(rèn)知。,專八閱讀理解特點(diǎn),4篇文章，共20道題，每題1分，共20分，每篇650-800詞；考試時(shí)間30分鐘 高頻題材：社會(huì)生活、生態(tài)環(huán)保、科普、經(jīng)濟(jì)商務(wù)、語言文化、電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò) 體裁：說明文、議論文、記敘文為主 是寫作和翻譯的翻版,專八近2年閱讀理解真題,Manual labor is one of the pri

3、ncipal resources in any industrializingcountry, as the followingexamples demonstrate. To begin with, plowing field, planting and harvesting crops, and raising livestockare all important to development and require people who work with their hands. Secondly, mining natural resources, building roads an

4、d bridges, and constructingdams for irrigation and electrical power are also important to development and alsorequire people who know how to use their hands skillfully.Finally, the establishment of efficient transportation and communication systems,essential services in amodernizingeconomy, relies h

5、eavily on a labor force of expertcraftsmen who take pride in their manual skills. And of course, the manufacture as well as the maintenance of machines of all kindsdemands a large number of trained mechanics and technicians.Clearly, in agriculture and in industry, the progress of a country depends o

6、n the busyhands of its working people.,典型演繹式考題,What does the passage mainly discuss?,A. Raising livestockis important to development B. Building roads and bridges require people who know how to use their hands skillfully C. Manual labor is considered as one of the fundamental development resources i

7、n any industrializing country D. Manual labor is indispensable to many countries in Asia,閱讀理解文章語篇類型,模式一：提出問題+分析問題+解決問題 模式二：結(jié)果+原因/現(xiàn)象+成因 模式三：對(duì)比/比較 模式四：議題+觀點(diǎn)+論證 模式五：錯(cuò)誤觀點(diǎn)+異議+證明/論證 模式六：話題+列舉+（結(jié)論）,閱讀理解答題要領(lǐng),略讀法迅速抓住全文以及各段落的主旨（一般在文章開頭或結(jié)尾） 一致性規(guī)律和定位技巧（題目的順序和原文順序基本一致，根據(jù)題干信息快速定位到所在段落，確定答案） 所有題目必須與原文保持一致，必須以作者觀點(diǎn)為

8、依據(jù)，不能主觀進(jìn)行選擇（本本主義） 位置原則（細(xì)節(jié)列舉和主旨題除外）,2011年真題精講,These days lots of young Japanese do omiai, literally, “meet and look.” Many of them do so willingly. In todays prosperous and increasingly conservative Japan, the traditional omiai kekon, or arranged marriage, is thriving.,專四、專八說明文閱讀開頭,(2011年TAXT A) We h

9、ave a crisis on our hands. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading (2011年TAXT B) I know the snow melts and the first robins(知更鳥)come to call, when the laughter of children returns to the parks and playgrounds, something wonderful is about to happen. Spring cleaning. (2

10、011年TAXT C) These days lots of young Japanese do omiai, literally, “meet and look.” Many of them do so willingly.,2011年真題精講,91 But there is a difference. In the original omiai, the young Japanese couldnt reject the partner chosen by his parents and their middleman. After World War , many Japanese ab

11、andoned the arranged marriage as part of their rush to adopt the more democratic ways of their American conquerors. The Western renai kekkon, or love marrige, became popular; Japanese began picking their own mates by dating and falling in love.,2011年真題精講,92 But the Western way often found wanting in

12、 an important respect: it didnt necessarily produce a partner of the right economic, social, and educational qualifications. “Todays young people are quite calculating,” says Chieko Akiyama, a social commentator.,2011年真題精講,What seems to be happening now is a repetition of a familiar process in the c

13、ountrys history, the “Japanization” of an adopted foreign practice. The Western ideal of marrying for love is accommodated in a new omiai in which both parties are free to reject the match. “Omiai is evolving into a sort of stylized introduction,” Mrs.Akiyama says.,2011年真題精講,Many young Japanese now

14、date in their early twenties, but with no thought of marriage. When they reach the age-in the middle twenties for women, the late twenties for men-they increasingly turn to omiai. Some studies suggest that as many as 40% of marriages each year are omiai kekkon. 93Its hard to be sure, say those who s

15、tudy the matter, because many Japanese couples, when polled, describe their marriage as a love match even if it was arranged.,2011年真題精講,These days, doing omiai often means going to a computer matching service rather than to a nakodo. 94 The nakodo of tradition was an old woman who knew all the kids

16、in the neighborhood and went around trying to pair them off by speaking to their parents; a successful match would bring her a wedding invitation and a gift of money. 94 But Japanese today find its less awkward to reject a proposed partner if the nakodo is a computer.,Japan has about five hundred co

17、mputer matching services. Some big companies, including Mitsubishi, run one for their employees. At a typical commercial service, an applicant pays 80 to 125 to have his or her personal data stored in the computer for two years and 200 or so more if a marriage results. The stored information include

18、s some obvious items, like education and hobbies, and some not-so-obvious ones, like whether a person is the oldest child. (First sons, and to some extent first daughters, face an obligaton of caring for elderly parents.),2011年真題精講,2011年真題精講,91. According to the passage, todays young Japanese prefer

19、 A. a traditional arranged marriage B. a new type of arranged marriage C. a Western love marriage D. a more Westernized love marriage,主題和細(xì)節(jié),文章主旨內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容的關(guān)系 主旨決定細(xì)節(jié) 細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)主旨進(jìn)行解釋、擴(kuò)張和論證 主旨是抽象概述性陳述，簡(jiǎn)易句 細(xì)節(jié)是具體支出性陳述，長難句 作者引出主題的手法 開門見山 通過描述現(xiàn)象、事實(shí)、應(yīng)用故事、情景、引語或?qū)Ρ仁址ㄒ鲋黝} 作者采用細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容論述主題的手法 舉例子、列數(shù)字、引用名人話語、基于報(bào)告、基于實(shí)驗(yàn)、分析原因、比

20、較或正反對(duì)比 結(jié)論內(nèi)容 重復(fù)主題 發(fā)表自己看法,2011年真題精講,92. Which of the following statement is CORRECT? A. A Western love marriage tends to miss some Japanese values B. Less attention is paid to the partners qualification in arranged marriages C. Young Japanese would often calculate their partners wealth D. A new arrang

21、ed marriage is a repetition of the older type,歷年必考題型（列舉題）,(2011年TAXT A) The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT? (2011年TAXT B) Which of the following interpretations of the biologists theory about melatonin is INCORREDT? (2011年TAXT D) Which of the following statements is INCORREC

22、T indescribing her current business?,正確選項(xiàng)的特征,正確答案通常與文章主旨有關(guān) 正確答案的位置，最常見的位置有四個(gè)：段首段尾、轉(zhuǎn)折、列舉、因果處 正確答案運(yùn)用的原則是：直接陳述、同義轉(zhuǎn)述、正話反說、反話正說 從語氣的角度看，正確答案經(jīng)常含有不肯定的語氣或委婉的語氣詞，如：can, may, possible, some, not necessary 正確答案常帶有概括性、深刻性特點(diǎn),錯(cuò)誤答案特征,無中生有（未提及選項(xiàng)） 正反混淆（相反選項(xiàng)） 答非所問（張冠李戴選項(xiàng)） 部分修改（偷梁換柱選項(xiàng)），錯(cuò)誤鏈接（錯(cuò)誤聯(lián)想選項(xiàng)） 過分絕對(duì)，絕對(duì)選項(xiàng)（all, alwa

23、ys, absolutely, must, never, impossible等） 擴(kuò)大范圍，縮小范圍 過度推理 主觀性選項(xiàng)（like, dislike, prefer，console等）,2011年真題精講,93. According to the passage, the figure 40% (Paragraph Five) is uncertain because A. there has been a big increase in the number of arranged marriages B. Western love marriage still remains popu

24、lar among young Japanese C. young Japanese start dating very early in their life in a Western tradition D. the tendency for arranged marriages could be stronger than is indicated,歷年必考題型（例證題）,(2011年TAXT B) 88. Why does the author say “spring cleaning cant wait”? (2011年TAXT C) 93. According to the pas

25、sage, the figure 40% (Paragrahp Five) is uncertain because (2011年TAXT D) 97. “Harrington made sure she was never off executivesradar”(Paragraph Four) means that she,2011年真題精講,94. One of the big differences between a traditional nakodo and its contemporary version lies in the way A. wedding gifts are

26、 presented B. formalities are arranged C. a proposed partner is refused D. the middleman/woman is chosen,2011年真題精講,95. What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A. To tell the differences between an old and modern nakodo B. To offer more details of the computerized nakodo C. To provide some example

27、s for the traditional nakodo D. To sum up the main ideas and provide a conclusion,2011年真題精講,I know when the snow melts and the first robins (知更鳥) come to call, when the laughter of children returns to the parks and playgrounds, something wonderful is about to happen. Spring cleaning.,Ill admit sprin

28、g cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp. Todays busy families hardly have time to load the dishwasher, much less clean the doormat. Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting snow in the backyard is like announcing there will be no more

29、Wi-Fi. It interrupts the natural order.,2011年真題精講,“Honey, what say we spend the weekend beating the rugs, sorting through the boxes in the basement and painting our bedroom a nice lemony yellow?” I say. “Can we at least wait until the NBA matches are over?” my husband answers.,2011年真題精講,But I tell m

30、y family, spring cleaning cant wait. The temperature has risen just enough to melt snow but not enough for Little League practice to start. Some flowers are peeking out of the thawing ground, but there is no lawn to seed, nor garden to tend. Newly wakened from our winters hibernation (冬眠), yet still

31、 needing extra blankets at night, we open our windows to the first fresh air floating on the breeze and all of the natural world demanding “Awake and be clean!”,2011年真題精講,Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at springs first light, whi

32、ch has to do with melatonin, the sleepy time hormone (激素) our bodies produce when its dark. When springs light comes, the melatonin diminishes, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus-filled house weve been hibernating in for four months.,2011年真題精講,I tell my family about the science and psy

33、chology of a good healthy cleaning at springs arrival. I speak to them about lifes greatest rewards waiting in the removal of soap scum from the bathtub, which hasnt been properly cleaned since the first snowfall.,2011年真題精講,2011年真題精講,“Ill do it,” says the eldest child, a 21-year-old college student

34、who lives at home. “You will? Wow!” I exclaim. Maybe after all these years, hes finally grasped the concept. Maybe hes expressing his rightful position as eldest child and role model. Or maybe hes going to Florida for a break in a couple of weeks and hes being nice to me who is the financial-aid off

35、icer.,No matter. Seeing my adult son willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me hope for the future of his 12-year-old brother who, instead of working, is found to be sleeping in the seat of the window he is supposed to be cleaning. “Awake and be clean!” I say.,2011年真題精講,86. According to the pas

36、sage, “spring cleaning is difficult notion for modern families to grasp” means that spring cleaning A. is no longer an easy practice to understand. B. is no longer part of modern family life. C. requires more family members to be involved. D. calls for more complicated skills and knowledge.,2011年真題精

37、講,87. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in family spring cleaning? A. Beating the rugs. B. Cleaning the window. C. Restoring Wi-Fi services. D. Cleaning the backyard.,2011年真題精講,88. Why does the author say “spring cleaning cant wait”? A. Because there will be more activities when

38、it gets warmer. B. Because the air is fresher and the breeze is lighter. C. Because the whole family is full of energy at spring time. D. Because the snow is melting and the ground is thawing.,2011年真題精講,89. Which of the following interpretations of the biologists theory about melatonin is INCORRECT?

39、 The production of melatonin in our bodies varies at different times. B. Melatonin is more likely to cause sleepiness in our bodies. C. The reduction of melatonin will cause wakefulness in our bodies. D. The amount of melatonin remains constant in our bodies.,2011年真題精講,90. Which of the following can best su