高三英語《19.狀語從句》復(fù)習(xí)教案

1、19. 狀語從句20. 19.1 地點(diǎn)狀語從句 地點(diǎn)狀語從句通常由where, wherever 引導(dǎo)。例如： Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方樹很多。 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都會(huì)想到你。 19.2 方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句通常由as, （just） asso, as if, as though引導(dǎo)。 1）as, （just） asso引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在（just） asso結(jié)構(gòu)中位于句首，這時(shí)as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是正如，就像，多用于

2、正式文體。例如： Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。 As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打掃房屋一樣，我們也要掃除我們頭腦中落后的東西。 2）as if, as though 兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實(shí)相反，有時(shí)也用陳述語

3、氣，表示所說情況是事實(shí)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作仿佛似的，好像似的。例如： They completely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事實(shí)，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。） He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting. 他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實(shí)相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看來天氣很快就會(huì)好起來。（

4、實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。） 說明：as if / as though也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分詞短語、不定式短語或無動(dòng)詞短語。例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。 He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波濤沖擊著巖石，好像很憤怒。 19.3 原因狀語從句 比較because, since, as和for： 1）

5、because語勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。例如： I didnt go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因?yàn)槲遗隆?Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 天氣那么糟，旅行推遲了。 2）由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號(hào)，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。例如： He is absent today, because / for he

6、is ill. 他今天缺席，因?yàn)樗×恕?He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。 19.4 目的狀語從句 表示目的狀語的從句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等詞引導(dǎo)。例如： You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必須大點(diǎn)聲，別人就能聽見了。 He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he sh

7、ould forget it. 他寫下了這個(gè)名字以免以后忘記。 Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿點(diǎn)衣服，以防天發(fā)冷。 19.5 結(jié)果狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句常由sothat 或 suchthat引導(dǎo)。sothat與suchthat之間可以轉(zhuǎn)換。例如： The boy is so young that he cant go to school. 這男孩年齡太小，不能上學(xué)。 He is such a young boy that he cant go to school 19.6 條件狀語從句 連接詞主要有 if,

8、unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。if 引導(dǎo)的條件句有真實(shí)條件句和非真實(shí)條件句兩種。非真實(shí)條件句已在虛擬語氣中闡述。 unless = if not. 例如： Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累，我們?nèi)ド⑸⒉健?If you are not too tied, lets go out for a walk. 典型例題 You will be late _ you leave immediately. A. unless B. until C. ifD. or 答案A。句

9、意：除非你立即走，否則你就回遲到的。可轉(zhuǎn)化為 If you dong leave immediately, you will be late。B、D句意不對(duì)，or表轉(zhuǎn)折，句子如為 You leave immediately or you will be late. 19.7 讓步狀語從句 1）though, although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。例如： Although its raining, they are still working in the field.雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?He is very old, bu

10、t he still works very hard. 雖然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。 Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。（諺語） 2） as, though 引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語或狀語提前（形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。例如： Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 雖然是個(gè)小孩，該做什么不做什么，他全知道。 3） ever if, even though即使。例如： Well make a trip

11、even though the weather is bad. 即使天氣不好，我們也要去遠(yuǎn)足。 4） whetheror不管都。例如： Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你，這確實(shí)是真的。 5）no matter +疑問詞 或疑問詞+后綴ever 。例如： No matter what happened, he would not mind. =Whatever happened, he would not mind. 不管發(fā)生什么，他不在意。 替換：no matter what = whatever no matter who =

12、whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。 （錯(cuò)）No matter what you say is of no use now. （對(duì)）Whatever you say is of no use now. 你現(xiàn)在說什么也沒用了。（Whatever you say是主語從句） （錯(cuò)）Prisoners have to eat no matter what th

13、eyre given, （對(duì)）Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.囚犯?jìng)冎荒芙o什么吃什么。 19.8 比較while, when, as 1）as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞。例如： Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一剎車，有一個(gè)人向我走來。 2）當(dāng)從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于主句動(dòng)作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個(gè)從句，不可用as 或 while。例如： When you have finished your work, you may have

14、a rest. 趕完活后，你可以休息一下。 3）從句表示隨時(shí)間推移連詞能用as，不用when 或while。例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse.日子一天天過去，天氣越變?cè)綁摹?19.9 比較until和till 此兩個(gè)連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际亲瞿呈轮敝聊硶r(shí)，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達(dá)的意思是直至某時(shí)才做某事。動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以。正確使用這兩個(gè)連詞的關(guān)鍵之一就在于判斷句中的動(dòng)詞該用肯定式還是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時(shí)醒了。 Wait till I call yo

15、u. 等著我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如 Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock. 她直到6點(diǎn)才到。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。 I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才會(huì)做。 區(qū)別：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例如： Until you told me, I had he

16、ard nothing of what happened. 直到你告訴我以前，出了什么事我一點(diǎn)也不知道。 2）until when 疑問句中，until要放在句首。例如： -Until when are you staying?你呆到什么時(shí)候？ - Until next Monday.呆到下周一。 注意：否定句可用另外兩種句式表示。 1）Not until在句首，主句用倒裝。例如： Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世紀(jì)初，人類才知道熱為何物。 Not until I be

17、gan to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才認(rèn)識(shí)到我已蹉跎了幾多歲月。 2）It is not until that 。例如： It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. 19.10 表示一就的結(jié)構(gòu) hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和as soon as都可以表示一就的意思。例如： I had hardly / scarcely got home when it be