大學(xué)英語(yǔ)虛擬語(yǔ)氣詳解.ppt

1、,虛擬語(yǔ)氣,虛擬語(yǔ)氣的兩種用法： 1）用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。,2）虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中應(yīng)用比較多。 條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況。,真實(shí)條件句：,用于陳述語(yǔ)氣，假設(shè)的情況有可能發(fā)生。,例句：If he coms, he will bring his violin.、 If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus.,注意： 1) 在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來，要用shall,will.,2) 表示真

2、理時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用shall(will)+動(dòng)詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式。,If you leave now, you are never going to forget it.,（錯(cuò)）,If you leave now, you will never forget it. （對(duì)）,非真實(shí)條件句：,1) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣可以表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來的情況，時(shí)態(tài)的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)往后推移。,a. 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),例句: If they were here, they would help you. 含義：They are not here, they cant help you. If I

3、knew his phone number, I would tell you.,b. 與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè),例句: If he had come yesterday, I should/would have told him about it. 含義：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If I had taken your advice, I would not have made such a mistake.,c. 表示對(duì)將來不大可能發(fā)生的事情的假想,例句: If you succeeded, every

4、thing would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all rignt 含義：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now.,例句： 1If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天來這兒的話，我就跟他談?wù)劇?（事實(shí)：來的可能性很小，不可能） 2I

5、f there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我們就不能去滑冰了。 （事實(shí)：下雪可能性很小，不可能） 3If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一來這兒的話，我就會(huì)告訴她這件事的始末。 （事實(shí)：來的可能性很小，不可能）,混合條件句（錯(cuò)綜條件句）：,有時(shí)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，主句從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這種條件句叫做混合條件句。,例如： If you h

6、ad asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反） If it had rained last night（過去）, it would be very cold today（現(xiàn)在）.,從句動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)相反，主句動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符 。 例句：If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too. 如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會(huì)成為一個(gè)工程師了 If they had informed us,we would n

7、ot come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)來這里了。,從句的動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動(dòng)作與過去事實(shí)不符。 例如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話，我們就已經(jīng)派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認(rèn)識(shí)她的話，他肯定會(huì)去問候她了。,虛擬條件句的倒裝：,虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were, should, 或had時(shí)，可省略if， 再把were, should, 或had移到從句的句首，實(shí)行倒裝。

8、,例如：Were they here now, they could help us.,注意：在虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句中，“be”的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用“were”，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。,例句: If I were you, I would go to look for him. If he were here, everything would be all right.,=If they were here now, they could help us.,Had you come earlier, you would have met him.,=If you had come e

9、arlier, you would have met him.,虛擬條件句中的省略：,非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、上下文或其他方式表示出來，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句，在多數(shù)情況下，條件會(huì)暗含在短語(yǔ)中，如without，but for等。 例如：But for his help, we would not be happy now. 要不是他的幫助，我們現(xiàn)在不會(huì)這樣開心。 Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。 We di

10、dnt know his telephone number, otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我們不知道他的電話號(hào)碼，否則我們就會(huì)給他打電話。,有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個(gè)，來表示說話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。 省略從句 He would have finished it. You could have passed this exam. 省略主句 If I were at home now. If only I had got it.,特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣詞should:,1) 在主語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用 It is demanded/ nece

11、ssary/ a pity + that 等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should+ 動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。,2) 在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用 在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中，像order, suggest, propose, request, insist, demand, command, require+ （should）do等。,例如：I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should) be sent there.,一想要( desire)，一寧愿( prefe

12、r)，一堅(jiān)持( insist)，二命令( order , command)，三建議( advise , suggest , propose/recommend)，四要求( demand , require , request , ask)中，無論主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為何種時(shí)態(tài)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都用： should + do。should可以省略。 例如：He suggested that we (should) take the teachers advice. He insisted that we (should) take the teachers advice. He demand that w

13、e (should) take the teachers advice. He ordered that we (should) take the teachers advice.,注意：如suggest, insist不表示“建議”或“堅(jiān)持要某人做某事”時(shí)，即它們表示為“暗示、表明”、“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣，不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,例句： Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.,Your pale face suggests that you are ill. （對(duì)）,I insisted that you (should) b

14、e wrong.,I insisted that you were wrong. （對(duì)）,（錯(cuò)）,（錯(cuò)）,3) 在表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即(should)+ 動(dòng)詞原形。,例如：My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the meeting. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.,目的狀語(yǔ)：,1、在

15、for fear that, in case，lest等引導(dǎo)的從句中，若用虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)為：should + do。并且should能省略。 She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in. He started out earlier lest he (should) be late.,2、在so that, in order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)為：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do。 He goes

16、closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能聽得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個(gè)字。,wish的用法,1) wish后面的從句，表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞形式為：,注意: 如果將wish改為過去式wished, 其后that 從句中的動(dòng)詞形式不變。,例句： We wish he didnt smoke. 我們希望他不吸煙。

17、 I wished I hadnt spent so much money. 但愿我并沒有造成太多破費(fèi)。I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用處。 I wish prices would come down. 我希望物價(jià)能降下來。 I wish the train would come. 我希望火車會(huì)來。,2) wish to do; wish sb./sth. to do.,例如：I wish to see the manager.,=I want to see the manager.,I wish the manager to be inform

18、ed at once.,=I want the manager to be informed at once.,比較if only 和 only if:,only if 表示“只有”；if only 則表示“如果就好了”。 If only 也可用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。,例如：I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. If only the alarm clock had rung. If only he comes early.,一般 would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語(yǔ)從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使

19、用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：,would rather:,例句：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看過了這場(chǎng)電影。 Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。 Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我們倒想你明天去那兒。,It is (high) time that:,表示：“早該做某事了”時(shí)，用結(jié)構(gòu)：It is (high) time that 后面的定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用過去式或用should+ 動(dòng)詞原形，但should不可省略。,例如：It is time

20、 that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.,need“不必做”和“本不必做”,didnt need to do 表示過去不必做某事，事實(shí)上也沒做。,例如：John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home.,so she neednt have walked back home.,neednt have done 表示過去不必做某事，但事實(shí)上做了。,

21、（1）說話時(shí)，為了表示客氣、謙虛、委婉而有禮貌，言語(yǔ)常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)形式常為： would / could / might / should +do。,簡(jiǎn)單句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣:,例句：Would you mind me shutting the door? 你介意我把門關(guān)起來嗎？ You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把這個(gè)教訓(xùn)牢記于心。 I should agree with you. 我本該同意你的觀點(diǎn)。（委婉的不同意）,（2）表示“祝愿”時(shí)，常用 may +主語(yǔ)+ do。 eg：May you have a good journey! 祝