課題3二氧化碳和一氧化碳.ppt

1、成都市鹽道街中學(xué) 岳丹,第六單元 課題3 第1課時,二氧化碳的性質(zhì),活動一,怎樣驗證？,是什么氣體？,反應(yīng)原理：二氧化碳與石灰水中氫氧化鈣反應(yīng)生成碳酸鈣沉淀和水。,反應(yīng)方程式： CO2+Ca(OH)2 =CaCO3+H2O,取一支試管，加入約2mL澄清石灰水，打開雪碧瓶，連 接帶導(dǎo)管的單孔塞，將導(dǎo)管放入石灰水。搖動雪碧瓶， 使少量氣體通入石灰水中。觀察石灰水變化。,實驗步驟：,2:00,1:59,1:58,1:57,1:56,1:55,1:54,1:53,1:52,1:51,1:50,1:49,1:48,1:47,1:46,1:45,1:44,1:43,1:42,1:41,1:40,1:39,

2、1:38,1:37,1:36,1:35,1:34,1:33,1:32,1:31,1:30,1:29,1:28,1:27,1:26,1:25,1:24,1:23,1:22,1:21,1:20,1:19,1:18,1:17,1:16,1:15,1:14,1:13,1:12,1:11,1:10,1:09,1:08,1:07,1:06,1:05,1:04,1:03,1:02,1:01,1:00,0:59,0:58,0:57,0:56,0:55,0:54,0:53,0:52,0:51,0:50,0:49,0:48,0:47,0:46,0:45,0:44,0:43,0:42,0:41,0:40,0:39,

3、0:38,0:37,0:36,0:35,0:34,0:33,0:32,0:31,0:30,0:29,0:28,0:27,0:26,0:25,0:24,0:23,0:22,0:21,0:20,0:19,0:18,0:17,0:16,0:15,0:14,0:13,0:12,0:11,0:10,0:09,0:08,0:07,0:06,0:05,0:04,0:03,0:02,0:01,0:00,2分鐘倒計時,CO2能否溶于水的實驗,塑料瓶變癟,CO2能溶于水,活動一,CO2的溶解性實驗,【資料卡片】通常狀況下，1體積水約溶解1體積CO2 ，故CO2能溶于水。,現(xiàn)象,結(jié)論,水溶性,紫色石蕊溶液變?yōu)榧t色。

4、,另取一支試管，加入約2mL石蕊溶液，擰開雪碧瓶， 連接帶導(dǎo)管的單孔塞，將導(dǎo)管放入石蕊溶液。搖動 雪碧瓶，使少量氣體通入石蕊溶液。觀察溶液顏色 變化。,實驗步驟：,實驗現(xiàn)象：,【資料卡片】石蕊是一種酸堿指示劑，,變紅色。,酸,遇,溫馨提示：同學(xué)們做實驗時，請注意安全！,2:00,1:59,1:58,1:57,1:56,1:55,1:54,1:53,1:52,1:51,1:50,1:49,1:48,1:47,1:46,1:45,1:44,1:43,1:42,1:41,1:40,1:39,1:38,1:37,1:36,1:35,1:34,1:33,1:32,1:31,1:30,1:29,1:28,

5、1:27,1:26,1:25,1:24,1:23,1:22,1:21,1:20,1:19,1:18,1:17,1:16,1:15,1:14,1:13,1:12,1:11,1:10,1:09,1:08,1:07,1:06,1:05,1:04,1:03,1:02,1:01,1:00,0:59,0:58,0:57,0:56,0:55,0:54,0:53,0:52,0:51,0:50,0:49,0:48,0:47,0:46,0:45,0:44,0:43,0:42,0:41,0:40,0:39,0:38,0:37,0:36,0:35,0:34,0:33,0:32,0:31,0:30,0:29,0:28,

6、0:27,0:26,0:25,0:24,0:23,0:22,0:21,0:20,0:19,0:18,0:17,0:16,0:15,0:14,0:13,0:12,0:11,0:10,0:09,0:08,0:07,0:06,0:05,0:04,0:03,0:02,0:01,0:00,2分鐘倒計時,活動一,3:00,2:59,2:58,2:57,2:56,2:55,2:54,2:53,2:52,2:51,2:50,2:49,2:48,2:47,2:46,2:45,2:44,2:43,2:42,2:41,2:40,2:39,2:38,2:37,2:36,2:35,2:34,2:33,2:32,2:31

7、,2:30,2:29,2:28,2:27,2:26,2:25,2:24,2:23,2:22,2:21,2:20,2:19,2:18,2:17,2:16,2:15,2:14,2:13,2:12,2:11,2:10,2:09,2:08,2:07,2:06,2:05,2:04,2:03,2:02,2:01,2:00,1:59,1:58,1:57,1:56,1:55,1:54,1:53,1:52,1:51,1:50,1:49,1:48,1:47,1:46,1:45,1:44,1:43,1:42,1:41,1:40,1:39,1:38,1:37,1:36,1:35,1:34,1:33,1:32,1:31

8、,1:30,1:29,1:28,1:27,1:26,1:25,1:24,1:23,1:22,1:21,1:20,1:19,1:18,1:17,1:16,1:15,1:14,1:13,1:12,1:11,1:10,1:09,1:08,1:07,1:06,1:05,1:04,1:03,1:02,1:01,1:00,0:59,0:58,0:57,0:56,0:55,0:54,0:53,0:52,0:51,0:50,0:49,0:48,0:47,0:46,0:45,0:44,0:43,0:42,0:41,0:40,0:39,0:38,0:37,0:36,0:35,0:34,0:33,0:32,0:31

9、,0:30,0:29,0:28,0:27,0:26,0:25,0:24,0:23,0:22,0:21,0:20,0:19,0:18,0:17,0:16,0:15,0:14,0:13,0:12,0:11,0:10,0:09,0:08,0:07,0:06,0:05,0:04,0:03,0:02,0:01,0:00,3分鐘倒計時,活動一,紙花由紫 變紅,紙花不變 色,醋酸能使紫色石蕊變紅,水不能使紫色石蕊變色,紙花不變 色,CO2不能使紫色石蕊變色,紙花由紫 色變紅色,CO2與H2O反應(yīng) 生成的碳酸使 紫色石蕊變紅,活動二,紙花又變?yōu)?紫色,碳酸不穩(wěn)定, 容易分解。,水和CO2單獨都不能使紫色石蕊變

10、色,CO2能否與水發(fā)生反應(yīng)？,醋酸,水,CO2,CO2與水生成新物質(zhì),結(jié)論：二氧化碳與水反應(yīng)生成碳酸。,反應(yīng)方程式：CO2 + H2O = H2CO3,反應(yīng)方程式：H2CO3 = CO2+ H2O,碳酸不穩(wěn)定，當(dāng)烘干時，碳酸分解生成二氧化碳?xì)怏w和水。,CO2,活動二,CO2能否與水發(fā)生反應(yīng)？,階梯蠟燭的實驗,活動二,蠟燭從下到上依次熄滅,1.CO2不能燃燒，也不支持燃燒 2.CO2的密度比空氣大,溫馨提示：請同學(xué)們仔細(xì)觀察上、下蠟燭火焰變化的現(xiàn)象,現(xiàn)象,化學(xué) 性質(zhì),物理 性質(zhì),活動三：小結(jié)二氧化碳的性質(zhì),1.不能燃燒，也不支持燃燒； 2.二氧化碳與水反應(yīng)生成碳酸； CO2 + H2O = H2

11、CO3 3.二氧化碳與澄清石灰水反應(yīng)。 Ca(OH)2 + CO2 = CaCO3+ H2O,1.無色、無味、氣體； 2.密度比空氣大； 3.能溶于水。,4.干冰升華吸熱。,活動三,干 冰,CO2,人工降雨,光合作用,CO2的用途,CO2與石灰水中Ca(OH)2反應(yīng),(1)實驗室檢驗CO2氣體； (2)石灰水用于雞蛋保鮮； (3)石灰漿(主要成分Ca(OH)2）抹墻，變硬且出現(xiàn)“冒汗”現(xiàn)象； (4)石灰漿較長時間敞放會變質(zhì)。,反應(yīng)方程式： CO2+Ca(OH)2 =CaCO3+H2O,該反應(yīng)的應(yīng)用：,CO2的用途,1、常溫下能與二氧化碳發(fā)生化合反應(yīng)的物質(zhì)是（ ） A. 氧氣 B. 水 C. 澄清的石灰水 D. 碳 2、兩支試管中各注入5mL滴有石蕊試液的蒸餾水,通入CO2氣體,然后將一支試管加熱, 另一支試管放入少量的活性炭，其顏色變化分別為 紅紫無 紫紅紫 紫紅無 無紅無。其中正確的是（ ） A B. C. D. ,B,C,活動四,活動四,1、如圖是實驗室用碳酸鈣與稀鹽酸反應(yīng)制取二氧化碳并驗證其性質(zhì)的實驗 裝置圖，試根據(jù)題目要求回答下列問題：,（1）儀器a的名稱是 ；裝置B中發(fā)生的化學(xué)方程式為 ，裝置C中觀察到的現(xiàn)象是 ， 裝置A中也可